Chemical information science coverage in Chemical Abstracts

For many years Chemical Abstracts has included in its coverage publications on chemical documentation or chemical information science. Although the bulk of those publications can be found in section 20 of Chemical Abstracts, many relevant articles were found scattered among 39 other sections of CA in 1984-1985. In addition to the scattering of references in CA, the comprehensiveness of Chemical Abstracts as a secondary source for chemical information science is called into question. Data are provided on the journals that contributed the most references on chemical information science and on the languages of publication of relevant articles.     

化学生物学新前沿——化学蛋白质组学

随着包括人类在内的主要模式生物的基因组计划的完成,生命科学的研究重心转向蛋白质组的研究--在对应基因组的整体蛋白质水平上系统研究调控细胞生命活动的蛋白质.化学蛋白质组学是化学生物学在后基因组时代的最新发展:化学蛋白质组学利用化学小分子为工具和手段,以基于靶蛋白质功能的新战略探测体内蛋白质组,是新一代的功能蛋白质组学.本文综述了化学蛋白质组学的最新进展、有关技术及其在生物医学和药物研发等方面的应用,并对化学蛋白质组学的发展趋势和前景进行了讨论.     

热效应对化学反应的影响

2 种单质间发生反应生成二元化合物大都是释热过程。本文讨论热效应对后续反应的影响。     

简析化学文化与化学教育

从文化的角度看待化学,分析了化学文化的内涵,阐明了化学文化的教育功能,并根据化学文化的研究,论述了化学文化观下的化学教育,以及在化学教育中体现化学文化的途径。     

振荡化学反应

本文从以下五个方面对振荡化学反应作了全面、深入的介绍:(1)引言,振荡化学反应现象,它的历史和现状。(2)振荡化学反应的机理。(3)振荡化学反应的必要条件。(4)化学振荡体系的设计和分类。(5)与振荡化学反应相关的现象。文中最后指出了研究振荡化学反应的途径。     

介绍一种能使制备出的氢氧化亚铁长时间保持白色不变的方法

取100ml蒸馏水煮沸5分钟,趁热将其中50ml倒入盛有5gNaOH的锥形瓶中,并用移液管小心地加入15ml煤油或苯。再另取一支移液管向剩余的水中缓缓加入5ml浓H2SO4,趁热转入滴液漏斗中,并向其中加入5g无锈铁丝或还原铁粉,再慢慢加入15ml煤油或苯。实验装置见图示。待Fe与H2SO4反应完毕,打开滴液漏斗活塞,立即会看到锥形瓶中有白色絮状的Fe（OH）2生成,该白色Fe（OH）2能在数小时,乃至更长的时间里保持白色不变。     

Chemical thermodynamics

The curing of composition containing epoxy bond is complicated chemical and technological process where under temperature and pressure conditions a change of its structure occurs. The structure changes are possible to know by thermal methods as DSC, DTA, etc. and also by measurement of dielectrical response under the low frequency electrical field.     

Chemical waves

In our paper we try to describe the basic concepts of chemical waves and spatial pattern formation in a simple way. We pay particular attention to self-organisation phenomena in extended excitable systems. These result in the appearance of travelling waves, spiral waves, target patterns, Turing structures or more complicated structures called scroll waves, which are three-dimensional systems. We describe the most famous oscillating reaction, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, in greater detail. This is because it is of great interest in both physical chemistry and in studies on the evolution and sustenance of self-organising biological systems.     

Chemical locomotion

Research into the autonomous motion of artificial nano- and microscale objects provides basic principles to explore possible applications, such as self-assembly of superstructures, roving sensors, and drug delivery. Although the systems described have unique propulsion mechanisms, motility in each case is made possible by the conversion of locally available chemical energy into mechanical energy. The use of catalysts onboard can afford nondissipative systems that are capable of directed motion. Key to the design of nano- and micromotors is the asymmetric placement of the catalyst: its placement in an environment containing a suitable substrate translates into non-uniform consumption of the substrate and distribution of reaction products, which results in the motility of the object. These same principles are exploited in nature to effect autonomous motion.     

Chemical Lasers

Chemical lasers are based on the new principle of obtaining energy in the form of coherent radiation from chemical reactions. Since the discovery of the first laser of this type in 1965, laser emission has been investigated in a considerable number of fast gasphase reactions. In physical chemistry such lasers provide a diagnostic tool for the detailed investigation of the energy distribution in elementary reactions. The barrier to technological use has probably also been overcome by the recent continuous operation of a chemical hydrogen fluoride laser. An attempt is made in the present article to trace the development of this still youthful field and to demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of the generation of energy with chemical lasers.     

Chemical supervenience

This paper surveys some ways in which the chemical realm can be described and outlined in terms of the concept of supervenience. The particular contours of general chemical theory provide a ready basis for interpretation of determination, covariance, and nonreduction—the characteristic metaphysical facets of the supervenience relation—in mutual terms. Building on this, the extent to which chemically characterized properties and entities can be described in terms of a supervenience-scaffolded structure represents a particularly vivid application that philosophers in general interested in supervenience would do well to attend to. In addition, the model of chemical supervenience given here can be used as a rubric on which to decide on issues already raised by philosophers of chemistry.

Chemical genetics

Chemical genetics can be defined as the study of biological systems using small molecule tools. Cell permeable and selective small molecules modulate gene product function rapidly, reversibly and can be administered conditionally in either a cellular or organismal context. The small molecule approach provides exacting temporal and quantitative control and is therefore an extremely powerful tool for dissecting biological processes. This tutorial review has been written to introduce the subject to a broad audience and highlights recent developments within the field in four key areas of biology: modulating protein-protein interactions, malaria research, hepatitis C virus research, and disrupting RNA interference pathways.     

Chemical Oscillations

Under constant external conditions, chemical reactions may also proceed in a rhythmic manner. The kinetic mechanisms responsible for such oscillations prove to be unexpectedly complicated. It can nevertheless be demonstrated that chemical periodicity is caused by certain kinds of coupling between simultaneous reactions or transport processes. A general survey of the chemistry and phenomenology of the principal chemical oscillations is followed by a discussion of the situations leading to periodic reactions on the basis of the multivariable kinetics of feedback systems. Autocatalysis and autoinhibition play an important role, as also do kinetic instability and spatial propagation.