Novel ordering of an S = 1/2 quasi-1d Ising-like antiferromagnet in magnetic field

High-field specific heat measurements on BaCo(2)V(2)O(8), which is a good realization of an S=1/2 quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Ising-like antifferomagnet, have been performed in magnetic fields up to 12 T along the chain and at temperature down to 200 mK. We have found a new magnetic ordered state in the field-induced phase above H(c) approximately 3.9 T. We suggest that a novel type of the incommensurate order, which is caused by the quantum effect inherent in the S=1/2 quasi-1D Ising-like antiferromagnet, appears in the field-induced phase.     

Supercooling of the disordered vortex lattice in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta)

Time-resolved local induction measurements near the vortex lattice order-disorder transition in optimally doped Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) crystals show that the high-field, disordered phase can be quenched to fields as low as half the transition field. Over an important range of fields, the electrodynamical behavior of the vortex system is governed by the coexistence of ordered and disordered vortex phases in the sample. We interpret the results as supercooling of the high-field phase and the possible first-order nature of the order-disorder transition at the "second magnetization peak."     

New vortex-matter size effect observed in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta)

The vortex-matter 3D to 2D phase transition is studied in micron-sized Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta) single crystals using local Hall magnetization measurements. At a given temperature, the second magnetization peak, the signature of a possible 3D--2D vortex phase transition, disappears for samples smaller than a critical length. We suggest that this critical length should be equated with the 2D vortex lattice ab-plane correlation length R(2D)(c). The magnitude and temperature dependence of R(2D)(c) agree well with Larkin-Ovchinnikov collective pinning theory.     

Stepwise behavior of vortex-lattice melting transition in tilted magnetic fields in single crystals of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta)

The vortex-lattice melting transition in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta) single crystals was studied using in-plane resistivity measurements in magnetic fields tilted away from the c axis to the ab plane. In order to avoid the surface barrier effect which hinders the melting transition in the conventional transport measurements, we used the Corbino geometry of electric contacts. The complete H(c) - H(ab) phase diagram of the melting transition in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta) is obtained for the first time. The c-axis melting field component H(c)(melt) exhibits the novel, stepwise dependence on the in-plane magnetic fields H(ab) which is discussed on the basis of the crossing vortex-lattice structure. The peculiar resistance behavior observed near the ab plane suggests the change of phase transition character from first to second order.     

Nuclear spin resonance of (129)Xe doped with O(2)

Spin-lattice relaxation of (129)Xe nuclei in solid natural xenon has been investigated in detail over a large range of paramagnetic O(2) impurity concentrations. Direct measurements of the ground state magnetic properties of the O(2) are difficult because the ESR (electron spin resonance) lines of O(2) are rather unstructured, but NMR measurements in the liquid helium temperature region (1.4-4 K) are very sensitive to the effective magnetic moments associated with the spin 1 Zeeman levels of the O(2) molecules and to the O(2) magnetic relaxation. From these measurements, the value of the D[Sz(2)-(1/3)S(2)] spin-Hamiltonian term of the triplet spin ground state of O(2) can be determined. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the measured paramagnetic O(2)-induced excess line width of the (129)Xe NMR signal agree well with the theoretical model with the spin-Hamiltonian D=0.19 meV (2.3 K), and with the reasonable assumption that the E[S(x)(2)-S(y)(2)] spin-Hamiltonian term is close to 0 meV. An anomalous temperature dependence between 1.4 K and 4.2K of the (129)Xe spin-lattice relaxation rate, T(1n)(-1)(T), is also accounted for by our model. Using an independent determination of the true O(2) concentration in the Xe-O(2) solid, the effective spin lattice relaxation time (which will be seen to be transition dependent) of the O(2) at 2.3 K and 0.96 T is determined to be approximately 1.4 x 10(-8)s. The experimental results, taken together with the relaxation model, suggest routes for bringing highly spin-polarized (129)Xe from the low temperature condensed phase to higher temperatures without excessive depolarization.     

Pressure-induced superconductivity in beta- Na (0.33) V(2)O(5) beyond charge ordering

We report the discovery of a new superconducting phase in highly correlated 3d electron systems. The compound is beta-vanadium bronze, beta- Na0.33V 2O5, in which the charge-ordered phase collapses under hydrostatic high pressure and a pressure-induced superconducting phase appears around T(S C)=8 K, P=8 GPa. This report presents the first observation not only of superconductivity in vanadium oxides but also of a phase transition from charge ordered to superconducting on a pressure-temperature (P- T) plane. The phase diagrams seem to have universal aspects across the classes of materials. This indicates a profound physics of superconductivity in highly correlated electron systems.     

Ordering of the O(2)…D… O(2) bonds near the phase transition in KD3(SeO3)2 single crystals by D nuclear magnetic resonance

Deuterium resonance investigations of KD₃(SeO₃)₂ single crystals have been performed near the phase transition temperature T _C . There are two types of deuterium bonds in these crystals with different behaviors at this phase transition. Our experimental results show that there are significant changes in the D spinlattice relaxation time T ₁ at T _C ; the abrupt decrease in T ₁ near T _C can be explained by the critical slowing down of an overdamped soft pseudospin-type deuteron mode. Further, the ordering of the O(2)…D… O(2) bonds is affected by the phase transition, whereas the ordering of the O(1)-D… O(3) bonds is unaffected. The D NMR measurements also show that the D(2) deuteron disordering above T _C is dynamic and not static.     

Unveiling the nature of three-dimensional orbital ordering transitions: the case of e(g) and t(2g) models on the cubic lattice

We perform large scale finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations of the classical e(g) and t(2g) orbital models on the simple cubic lattice in three dimensions. The e(g) model displays a continuous phase transition to an orbitally ordered phase. While the correlation length exponent ν ≈ 0.66(1) is close to the 3D XY value, the exponent η ≈ 0.15(1) differs substantially from O(N) values. At T(c) a U(1) symmetry emerges, which persists for T < T(c) below a crossover length scaling as Λ ～ ξ(a), with an unusually small a ≈ 1.3. Finally, for the t(2g) model we find a first order transition into a low-temperature lattice-nematic phase without orbital order.     

Mn_2[V_(12)B_(16)O_(52)(OH)_6](en)_2(H_3O)_6(H_2O)_5(en=ethylenediamine)的结构及谱学研究

采用水热合成法合成了一种结构新颖的多硼钒氧簇化合物Mn2[V12B16O52(OH)6](en)2(H3O)6(H2O)5(en=ethylenediamine)1,通过单晶X射线衍射确定该化合物的结构。化合物1中,在ab平面上,簇单元之间通过[Mn(H2O)2]2+连接成二维层状结构,另外,层与层之间在c方向上通过氢键连接成三维空间结构。此外,对化合物1的谱学性质进行了红外光谱、磁和热微扰下的二维红外相关光谱、紫外-可见固体漫反射光谱分析,探讨了其结构与谱学性质的关系。磁微扰的二维红外相关光谱表明B—O,V—O—V和Mn—O—B的伸缩振动对于磁场的变化比较敏感,热微扰的二维红外相关光谱表明B—OH,B—O,V—O—V和Mn—O—B的伸缩振动对热微扰比较敏感。     

Potential signature of a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in BaNi2V2O8

ESR measurements are reported for the quasi-two-dimensional honeycomb antiferromagnet BaNi2V2O8. Planar anisotropic properties are confirmed by angular dependent investigations of resonance field and linewidth. The divergence of the temperature-dependent linewidth on approaching T(N) from above is described in terms of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, the critical behavior close to long-range magnetic order, and the 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet. We provide arguments that the Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario is compatible with the observed critical exponent and suggest BaNi2V2O8 is a weakly anisotropic 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet.     

An investigation of the phase structure of the two-dimensional O(2) and O(4) symmetric nonlinear sigma-models

We investigate the phase structure of the two-dimensional O(2) and O(4) lattice σ-models by means of a Monte Carlo simulation using Binder's phenomenological renormalization group. For the O(2) model the transition temperature β_c⁻¹ is estimated and the expected line of critical points is found. For the O(4) model no signal of a phase transition is found in the range of couplings considered. This is in contradiction to a recent claim that the O(4) model has a critical point at finite β.     

PDMAEMA多重环境响应行为的NMR研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合（Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP）合成了分子量分布较窄的聚甲基丙烯酸N, N-二甲氨基乙酯{Poly\[2 (diethylamino)ethylmethacry-late], PDMAEMA}并通过对液体核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）化学位移以及弛豫时间（T₁、T₂）的测量,研究了聚合物PDMAEMA的温度敏感、pH敏感以及离子敏感3种环境敏感行为. 发现聚合物链段的运动性,以及温度和离子强度诱导的相变行为,都与体系的pH值具有强依赖关系. 室温下,聚合物链段的运动性随pH值的增大而降低. 酸性条件下,聚合物表现出离子敏感性,而不表现出温度敏感性. 碱性条件下,聚合物表现出温度敏感性,不表现出离子敏感性.     

Multiple field-induced phase transitions in the geometrically frustrated dipolar magnet: Gd(2) Ti(2)O(7)

Field-driven phase transitions generally arise from competition between Zeeman energy and exchange or crystal-field anisotropy. Here we present the phase diagram of a frustrated pyrochlore magnet Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7), where crystal-field splitting is small compared to the dipolar energy. We find good agreement between zero-temperature critical fields and those obtained from a mean-field model. Here, dipolar interactions couple real space and spin space, so the transitions in Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7) arise from field-induced "cooperative anisotropy," reflecting the broken spatial symmetries of the pyrochlore lattice.     

Synthesis of V O2(A) nanobelts by the transformation of V O2(B) under the hydrothermal treatment and its optical switching properties

V O₂(A) nanobelts had been successfully synthesized by the transformation of V O₂(B) using H₂O as the solvent under the hydrothermal approach at 280 °C for 48 h. Some parameters, such as the reaction temperature and time, had been briefly discussed to reveal the transition from V O₂(B) to V O₂(A). It was found that H₂O played a crucial role in the transition from V O₂(B) to V O₂(A). The phase transition of V O₂(A) nanobelts was at 162 °C. The optical switching properties of V O₂(A) were studied by the variable-temperature infrared spectra for the first time. In addition, V O₂(A) nanobelts were calcined at 700 °C for 2 h under a high purity Ar (99.999%) atmosphere to obtain V O₂(M) which exhibited a strong crystallographic transition at around 65 °C.     

Evolution of magnetic properties in the normal spinel solid solution Mg(1-x)Cu(x)Cr2O4

We examine the evolution of magnetic properties in the normal spinel oxides Mg(1-x)Cu(x)Cr2O4 using magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The end-member compounds of the solid solution series have been studied in some detail because of their very interesting magnetic behavior. MgCr2O4 is a highly frustrated system that undergoes a first-order structural transition at its antiferromagnetic ordering temperature. CuCr2O4 is tetragonal at room temperature as a result of Jahn-Teller active tetrahedral Cu2+ and undergoes a magnetic transition at 135 K. Substitution of magnetic cations for diamagnetic Mg2+ on the tetrahedral A site in the compositional series Mg(1-x)Cu(x)Cr2O4 dramatically affects magnetic behavior. In the composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ ≈0.3, the compounds are antiferromagnetic. A sharp peak observed at 12.5 K in the heat capacity of MgCr2O4 corresponding to a magnetically driven first-order structural transition is suppressed even for small x. Uncompensated magnetism--with open magnetization loops--develops for samples in the x range ≈0.43 ≤ x ≤ 1. Multiple magnetic ordering temperatures and large coercive fields emerge in the intermediate composition range 0.43 ≤ x ≤ 0.47. The Néel temperature increases with increasing x across the series while the value of the Curie-Weiss Θ(CW) decreases. A magnetic temperature-composition phase diagram of the solid solution series is presented.     

Magnetic field enhancement of heat transport in the 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet K2V3O8

The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of single crystals of the spin 1/2 quasi-2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet K(2)V(3)O(8) have been measured from 1.9 to 300 K in magnetic fields from 0 to 8 T. The zero field thermal conductivity data are consistent with resonant scattering of phonons by magnons near the zone boundary. Application of a magnetic field greater than 1 T, however, produces a new magnetic ground state with substantial heat transport by long wavelength magnons.     

Study of CP(N-1) theta-vacua by cluster simulation of SU(N) quantum spin ladders

D-theory provides an alternative lattice regularization of the 2D CP(N-1) quantum field theory in which continuous classical fields emerge from the dimensional reduction of discrete SU(N) quantum spins. Spin ladders consisting of n transversely coupled spin chains lead to a CP(N-1) model with a vacuum angle theta=npi. In D-theory no sign problem arises and an efficient cluster algorithm is used to investigate theta-vacuum effects. At theta=pi there is a first order phase transition with spontaneous breaking of charge conjugation symmetry for CP(N-1) models with N>2.     

Mott-hubbard metal-insulator transition in paramagnetic V2O3: an LDA+DMFT(QMC) study

The electronic properties of paramagnetic V2O3 are investigated by the computational scheme LDA+DMFT(QMC). This approach merges the local density approximation (LDA) with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) and uses quantum Monte Carlo simulations (QMC) to solve the effective Anderson impurity model of DMFT. Starting with the crystal structure of metallic V2O3 and insulating (V0.962Cr0.038)2O3 we find a Mott-Hubbard transition at a Coulomb interaction U approximately 5 eV. The calculated spectrum is in very good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, the orbital occupation and the spin state S = 1 determined by us agree with recent polarization dependent x-ray-absorption experiments.     

Magnetic properties of multiferroics-semiconductors Eu(1-x)Ce(x)Mn2O5

Studies of magnetization, magnetoresistance, and magnetic oscillations in semiconductor-multiferroics Eu(1-x)Ce(x)Mn2O5 (x = 0.2-0.25) (ECMO) at temperatures ranging from 5 to 350 K in magnetic fields up to 6 T are presented. It is shown that phase separation and charge carrier self-organization in the crystals give rise to a layered superstructure perpendicular to the c axis. An effect of magnetic field cycling on the superstructure, magnetization, and magnetoresistance is demonstrated. X-ray diffraction studies of ECMO demonstrating the effect of magnetic field on the superstructure are presented. The de Haas-van Alphen magnetization oscillations in high magnetic fields and the temperature-induced magnetic oscillations in a fixed magnetic field are observed at low temperatures. Below 10 K the quantum corrections to magnetization due to the weak charge carrier localization in 2D superlattice layers occur. It is shown that at all the temperatures the Eu(1-x)Ce(x)Mn2O5 magnetic state is dictated by superparamagnetism of isolated ferromagnetic domains.     

RVNb2O9(R=Y,Gd, La)：Eu3+(或Dy3+)的合成和光谱性质的研究

本文用R2O3(R=Y,Gd,La),V2O6,Nb2O5和高温固相反应法合成了复合钒铌酸盐RVMb2O3,并以此为基质研究了Eu3+和Dy3+在其中的光谱性质.实验表明,Eu3+在这三个化合物中均处于偏离反演对称中心的格位上,Eu3+的荧光强度的红/横比(R/O)和Dy3+的黄/蓝比(Y/B)均随R3+的电荷半径比的减小而下降.同时还研究了Bi3+和温度对Dy3+的发射强度的影响.