水下爆炸冲击荷载下混凝土重力坝的抗爆性能

在水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下,结构动力响应较之静态荷载和地震荷载作用下要复杂得多。通过大 量的数值模拟,探讨了混凝土重力坝在水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下,大坝高度、库前水位对大坝抗爆性能的影 响,为大坝抗爆性能评估和防护设计提供基础。数值计算中,构建了重力坝水下爆炸全耦合数值模型,并考虑 爆炸冲击作用下混凝土的高应变率效应。研究结果表明:对于混凝土重力坝,随着大坝高度的增加,大坝的抗 爆性能增强;库前水位对大坝的抗爆性能影响较大,通过降低库前水位可有效提高大坝的抗爆性能。     

基于小波分析的实船水下爆炸船体响应特征

为了研究水下爆炸条件下船体冲击振动响应时频特征,针对某实船非接触水下爆炸实验冲击响应测试实验数据,基于小波分析及能量统计方法对响应信号进行时频特性分析,得到了实船非接触水下爆炸冲击振动响应的时频分布和能量分布。分析结果表明,采用基于小波变换的时频分析方法,可以成功获得船体冲击响应信号不同频率段下的强度、能量和作用时间等时频细节信息,包括响应信号各频段冲击峰值、衰减过程、振动能量及其在全频率段上所占的分数。通过对小波频段能量统计以及冲击强度分析发现,冲击响应能量频段分布较广,主甲板及以下甲板全频段振动能量的80%以上在312.5 Hz以上,上层建筑甲板平台各频段冲击振动能量分数向低频段转移。     

固态燃料空气炸药空爆实验研究

通过四组无约束固态燃料空气炸药(FAE)装置与等质量的TNT在野外开放空间的一次起爆对比实验,测得了不同配方组份FAE装置在不同距离的爆炸超压分布,FAE装置峰值超压比相同距离的TNT高1.14~1.6倍;并运用空气冲击波峰值超压公式计算出了FAE的等效爆炸TNT当量随距离的变化关系,在爆炸场边缘区,FAE装置爆炸当量达到了3.88倍TNT当量;通过高速摄影的图片得到了爆炸产生火球的持续时间和最大作用范围,与等质量TNT爆炸火球相比,FAE的优势明显;运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度估算了云雾爆轰区半径,并分析了测量到的固态FAE爆炸场的压力分布单调衰减的原因;建议在保持超压不变的情况下,把提高爆温作为提高FAE爆炸性能的主要途径。     

负泊松比蜂窝材料抗爆炸特性及优化设计研究

为了深入研究车辆底部防护组件爆炸冲击下的结构响应，提高防护型车辆的抗爆炸冲击性能，建立了某车辆底部防护组件在爆炸冲击下的有限元模型，并进行爆炸冲击台架试验验证了有限元模拟的可靠性；将内凹六边形负泊松比蜂窝材料作为防护组件的夹芯部分，分析负泊松比蜂窝材料在爆炸冲击下的变形模式，并对比了同等质量的其他3种防护组件的抗爆炸冲击性能。结果表明，含有负泊松比蜂窝夹芯的防护组件具有更优的抗爆性能。建立了以内凹六边形负泊松比蜂窝胞元尺寸参数为设计变量的多目标优化问题的数学模型，采用多目标遗传算法获得胞元几何参数的最优方案，有效降低了防护组件基板的最大挠度和最大动能。     

《爆炸与冲击》征稿启事

一、《爆炸与冲击》是中国力学学会主办的学术期刊 ,办刊宗旨为 :报道爆炸力学学科领域的国内外最新科技成果 ,反映学术前沿进展及水平 ,促进学术交流 ,创造本学科领域青年人才良好的成长环境 ,推进我国爆炸理论和应用、抗爆与爆炸安全技术的发展。二、征稿内容为 :爆炸、爆轰、燃烧、冲击波、冲击动力学、高速碰撞、动高压技术、激光与电磁驱动的高能量密度动力学、材料动态力学性能、爆炸驱动与爆炸加工、工程爆破、抗爆结构与设计、爆炸力学计算方法和实验测试技术、爆炸器材、爆炸安全技术等方面的论文、研究简报以及科技动态等。三、征…     

低失真爆炸冲击信号零漂分析和处理方法

短时的爆炸瞬态冲击信号,具有冲击频带宽、幅值高特点,在测试过程中,常常会有信号失真的零漂现象。本文中详细分析零漂现象产生的原因,对比各种修正方法的优缺点,提出基于经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）改进高效算法,结合频域窗函数滤波方法,这种新修正方法,能够较好弥补现行修正方法的缺陷,可为瞬态冲击信号时域模拟提供失真较小的环境条件数据。     

爆炸信号的采集技术和微机处理方法

岩石介质中爆炸波的特点是压力高、传播速度快,对介质质点的作用在瞬间完成。本文主要描述了记录这种爆炸信号的高速数据采集技术,应用微机对数据处理的方法及结果。     

本刊简介

正《爆炸与冲击》是中国力学学会主办的学术期刊。办刊宗旨为报道爆炸力学学科领域的国内外最新科技成果,反映学术前沿进展及水平,促进学术交流,创造本学科领域青年人才良好的成长环境,推进爆炸理论和应用、抗爆与爆炸安全技术的发展。征稿内容为爆炸、爆轰、燃烧、冲击波、冲击动力学、高速碰撞、动高压技术、激光与电磁驱动的高能量密度动力学、材料动态力学性能、爆炸驱动与爆炸加工、工程     

本刊简介

正《爆炸与冲击》是中国力学学会主办的学术期刊。办刊宗旨为报道爆炸力学学科领域的国内外最新科技成果,反映学术前沿进展及水平,促进学术交流,创造本学科领域青年人才良好的成长环境,推进爆炸理论和应用、抗爆与爆炸安全技术的发展。征稿内容为爆炸、爆轰、燃烧、冲击波、冲击动力学、高速碰撞、动高压技术、激光与电磁驱动的高能量密度动力学、材料动态力学性能、爆炸驱动与爆炸加工、工     

水下连续脉冲冲击波的声学特性

为探求金属爆炸索在水下爆炸声源研究领域的应用前景,设计了一种可以连续产生若干个脉冲冲击波的装置,称之为水下连续脉冲冲击波发生装置。利用小波分析对该装置产生的连续脉冲冲击波信号进行分解与重构,考察其频谱特性,并进一步分析了信号的声压级特性。结果表明:该装置产生的信号声压级较高,具有很强的声功率;信号包含频率十分丰富,雷管和金属爆炸索由于装药结构及传爆方式的不同,爆炸所产生的冲击波频谱特性也有所差异。雷管爆炸产生的冲击波主要分布在15.6 kHz以下的频带内,金属爆炸索爆炸产生的脉冲冲击波信号则主要分布在62.5 kHz以下的频带内;脉冲冲击波的个数和声持续时间可由爆炸索的排列方式和长度控制,脉冲冲击波间的时间间隔可调,发生装置稳定易控     

Self-tuning PID controller to three-axis stabilization of a satellite with unknown parameters

This paper addresses the three-axis stabilization of a satellite system in the presence of the gravity gradient and orbital eccentricity. Multivariable non-linear dynamics of the satellite system are converted into three well-known non-linear canonical independent models with unknown parameters. The new model is efficient and practical for designers to implement and analyze different control methodologies on satellite systems. A self-tuning PID controller is designed on the basis of the new proposed model to produce control signals for three reaction wheels in three axes. An adaptive algorithm is applied to tune and update gains of the PID controller and stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by using Lyapunov approach. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of the self-tuning PID controller and a comparison with a fixed gain PD controller and a variable-structure controller is made.     

Adaptive fuzzy controller design of nonlinear systems with unknown gain sign

For a class of uncertain nonlinear non-affine systems, an adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed in this paper. Compared with the existing results, the proposed controller does not require a priori knowledge about the sign of the control gain coefficient. It can be shown that all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and the tracking error converges to a bounded compact sets by choosing design parameters appropriately. A simulation example is given to guarantee the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Longitudinal–lateral velocity control design and implementation for a model-scaled unmanned helicopter

In this paper, a nonlinear controller is designed and implemented for longitudinal–lateral motion of a model-scaled helicopter. The underlying principle of controller design is the backstepping technique with slight modifications to accommodate the helicopter model. It is proved theoretically that, under the proposed controller, velocities and yaw angle of the closed-loop system are capable of tracking reference signals. A practical helicopter testbed is constructed to test the performances of the closed-loop system. Experimental results of practical flight tests demonstrate that performances of the closed-loop system are satisfactory.     

Adaptive control of rotary inverted pendulum system with time-varying uncertainties

In this paper, an adaptive controller is proposed to balance a rotary inverted pendulum with time-varying uncertainties. The goal of the control is to bring the pendulum close to the upright position regardless of the various uncertainties and disturbances. Its underactuated dynamics is first decoupled by Olfati’s transformation into a cascade form, and then an adaptive controller is designed to deal with the uncertainties in the new space. Based on the Lyapunov-like theory, the closed loop stability and boundedness of all internal signals can be proved. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of giving good performance, as desired.     

A projective synchronization scheme based on fuzzy adaptive control for unknown multivariable chaotic systems

In this paper, a projective synchronization problem of master–slave chaotic systems is investigated. More specifically, a fuzzy adaptive controller is investigated for a projective synchronization of uncertain multivariable chaotic systems. The adaptive fuzzy-logic systems are used to approximate the unknown functions. A decomposition property of the control gain matrix is used in the controller design and the stability analysis. A Lyapunov approach is employed to derive the parameter adaptation laws and prove the boundedness of all signals of the closed-loop system as well as the exponential convergence of the synchronization errors to an adjustable region. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.     

Direct adaptive neural control for strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems

This note considers the problem of direct adaptive neural control for a class of nonlinear single-input/single-output (SISO) strict-feedback stochastic systems. The variable separation technique is introduced to decompose the coefficient functions of the diffusion term. Radical basis function (RBF) neural networks are used to approximate unknown and desired control signals, then a novel direct adaptive neural controller is constructed via backstepping. The proposed adaptive neural controller guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system remain bounded in probability. A main advantage of the proposed controller is that it contains only one adaptive parameter needed to be updated online. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Directly adaptive fuzzy control of discrete-time chaotic systems by least squares algorithm with dead-zone

A new design scheme of directly adaptive fuzzy control for a class of discrete-time chaotic systems is proposed in this paper. The T-S fuzzy model is employed to represent the discrete-time chaotic systems. Then a fuzzy controller is designed and the unknown coefficients of the controller are identified by least squares algorithm with dead-zone. By Lyapunov method, all the signals involved in the closed-loop systems are shown to be bounded and the error between the system output and the reference output is proved to converge to a small neighborhood of zero. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

泄爆管瞬态火焰温度光谱法测量

火焰温度是泄爆管重要性能参数。因其泄爆点火时间在微秒至毫秒级,故一般测温方法不适用这类瞬态过程。本文介绍一种改进的钠谱线翻转光谱测温方法,它以高速斩光器机械地遮断参考光源,用高频响的的接收转换和瞬态记录装置实时记录火焰和火焰与参考光源叠加时的光谱辐射强度,即可测得各瞬时的火焰温度随时间变化曲线。 该方法的特点是实时,非接触测量,测温范围1500～3000K,时间分辨率50s,它操作简便,数据可靠,同样也适用于其他瞬态高温系统,如枪口闪光温度测量。     

Design a robust sliding mode controller based on the state and parameter estimation for the nonlinear epidemiological model of Covid-19

In this research, the challenging problem of Covid-19 mitigation is looked at from an engineering point of view. At first, the behavior of coronavirus in the Iranian and Russian societies is expressed by a set of ordinary differential equations. In the proposed model, the control input signals are vaccination, social distance and facial masks, and medical treatment. The unknown parameters of the system are estimated by long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm. In the LSTM algorithm, the problem of long-term dependency is prevented. The uncertainty and measurement noises are inherent characteristics of epidemiological models. For this reason, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed to estimate the state variables of the proposed model. In continuation, a robust sliding mode controller is designed to control the spread of coronavirus under vaccination, social distance and facial masks, and medical treatment. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theorems. The official confirmed data provided by the Iranian and Russian ministries of health are employed to simulate the proposed algorithms. It is understood from simulation results that global vaccination has the potential to create herd immunity in long term. Under the proposed controller, daily Covid-19 infections and deaths become less than 500 and 10 people, respectively.

     

An application of acquisition and reduction of data of variable short-time tests

The application of a digital computer and analog tape recorder for the complete task of data acquisition and reduction is discussed. The specific application is dynamic biaxial-stress tests at constant velocity of deformation, where the duration of the test event varies from 5 min to a few milliseconds. Up to 14 channels of simultaneously occurring data from transducers monitoring the test are recorded for calculations. A high degree of resolution is obtained using a conversion rate of 300 digital points per analog data channel, and a time-base difference between any of the data channels less than 2 μsec. An overall error of less than ±0.5 percent of the calibrated transducer input is achieved. The advantage of an intermediate analog-recording system over a real-time digital-recording system is discussed. Programming is described for timing of multiplexer addressing and storing of digital data on a disk memory.