级联环境中两比特纠缠态的量子非局域关联检验研究

量子纠缠态经级联环境中演化的量子非局域关联检验研究具有重要的现实意义。基于Hardy-type佯谬检验方案，本文分别以两比特量子纯态和混合态为研究对象，研究了其在级联环境中演化后的量子非局域关联检验情况。分析了纠缠态和腔的耦合强度、腔和库的耦合强度比值κ/γ以及马尔科夫环境和非马尔科夫环境对量子非局域关联检验的影响情况。结果表明，在马尔科夫环境中，且κ/γ越小，成功进行量子非局域关联检验的演化时间越长。进一步给出了量子混合态能够成功进行量子非局域关联检验的混合度参数m的范围，并给出了量子混合态经级联环境演化后，可成功进行量子非局域关联检验的演化时间范围。     

非马尔科夫环境中各向异性海森堡自旋链的量子失协

利用量子失协方法研究在非马尔科夫环境中具有时变磁场的两比特各向异性海森堡XYZ模型量子失协的动力学演化。海森堡XYZ系统的初始态为最大纠缠态 $\left|\psi_{A B}\right\rangle=(1 / \sqrt{2})(|11\rangle+|00\rangle)$ , 利用非马尔科夫量子态扩散方法解析求解非马尔科夫主方程, 得出系统的约化密度矩阵; 然后代入量子失协公式得出系统量子失协的演化动力学。讨论自旋耦合强度、环境关联系数γ和余弦磁场强度B对量子失协动力学的影响。研究发现: 当环境关联系数γ较小时, 系统的量子失协明显呈现上升趋势, 因此可以表明非马尔科夫环境具有增加系统量子失协的作用。同时较大的自旋耦合系数J和J_Z以及余弦磁场强度B也具有增加系统量子失协的作用。     

两量子比特与单模光场耦合系统的精确解

对非旋波近似下两量子比特与单模光场耦合系统进行了求解.在定态问题中精确计算了系统能谱与耦合强度g的关系,通过解析求解可以发现,系统能谱中总有一条能级始终为常数与耦合强度g无关.在动力学问题中,研究了初始时刻纠缠在Bell态的两个原子与单模真空态腔场耦合时量子纠缠的演化问题,讨论了纠缠的突然死亡现象.结果表明:量子纠缠的演化具有周期性,随着耦合强度g逐渐增大,纠缠周期T随之减小,第一次出现纠缠突然死亡的时间不断缩短;在耦合强度较小时,随着原子间偶极相互作用参数η的增大纠缠演化周期逐渐增加,并且不会出现纠缠突然死亡.     

Bose-Hubbard模型中系统初态对量子关联的影响

量子关联是量子信息、量子计算与量子计量领域的重要资源, 在量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性中, 两子系统起着同等关键的作用, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)量子引导关联的强度介于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性之间, 对单向EPR量子引导关联而言两子系统的作用不对等. 本文研究了双模Bose-Hubbard模型中模间量子关联的动态特性, 揭示了EPR量子引导关联的取向对系统初态模间交换对称性的依赖关系. 根据Hillery-Zubairy纠缠判据以及基于最大平均量子Fisher信息的纠缠判据考察了系统初态对模间量子纠缠演化规律的影响. 如果模间耦合强度远大于同一势阱内粒子间的相互作用, 初始处于SU(2)相干态的系统在具有确定的两子系统交换对称性的条件下, 其量子关联呈现简单的周期性演化规律; 当这种对称性破缺时, 模间量子关联的演化呈现较复杂的崩塌与回复现象.     

与热库耦合的光学腔内三原子间的纠缠动力学

研究了与热库耦合的光学腔中三个相互作用的二能级原子间的纠缠动力学.采用拉普拉斯变换和下限共生等方法,通过数值计算,分析了原子间三体纠缠的演化以及腔场与热库间的两体纠缠演化,讨论了各耦合参数对系统纠缠演化的影响.研究结果表明:原子间纠缠在短时间内随着原子间耦合强度的增加而增加,随原子与腔场耦合强度的增加而减小,在长时极限下趋于一稳定值;体系的非马尔科夫性由原子与腔场的耦合强度以及热库的谱宽度共同决定,当热库与腔场为强耦合时,原子与腔场组成的系统遵循非马尔科夫动力学,此时随着热库谱宽的增加,原子系统由非马尔科夫性变为马尔科夫性,随着谱宽的继续增加,原子与腔场组成的系统遵循马尔科夫动力学,原子系统又表现出非马尔科夫性;调整腔场与热库的失谐可以有效抑制热库耗散对纠缠衰减的影响.     

非旋波近似下Λ型三能级原子与相干态光场的量子纠缠

在非旋波近似下,利用相干态正交化展开方法,对相干态光场与Λ型三能级原子相互作用的量子场熵进行了精确求解.利用量子熵理论讨论了耦合强度、平均光子数以及初始时刻原子处于不同的能级对量子纠缠的影响.数值计算的结果表明:当初始时刻原子处于激发态时,量子纠缠在较短的时间内就能演化到最大值,随着平均光子数的增大,纠缠演化的周期性逐渐明显;原子初始时刻处于三个能级的叠加态会使初始阶段量子纠缠显著降低;与旋波近似下的结果不同的是,随着耦合强度以及平均光子数的增加,非旋波项的贡献显著增强,使得量子纠缠演化曲线出现小锯齿状的振荡.     

非马尔科夫环境中各向异性海森堡自旋链的几何量子失协

本文主要在非马尔科夫环境中,在时变磁场和Dzyaloshinski—Moriya相互作用下,以最大纠缠态■作为信道,研究了具有各种参数的两比特海森堡XYZ模型的几何量子失协.通过在非马尔科夫环境中的量子态扩散方法模拟了系统的几何量子失协随时间的演化关系.根据数值模拟结果显示:环境关联系数γ、自旋耦合系数J和J_z、余弦磁场强度B、以及自旋—轨道相互作用都能影响系统几何量子失协的性质.当环境关联系数γ较小时,几何量子失协呈现出明显的上升趋势,可见非马尔科夫环境对系统的几何量子失协表现出积极的作用.同时较大的自旋耦合系数J和余弦磁场强度B对系统的几何量子失协也有积极的影响.     

两量子比特与谐振子相耦合系统中的量子纠缠演化特性

在非旋波近似下, 利用相干态正交化展开方法, 对两量子比特与谐振子相耦合系统中的量子纠缠演化特性进行了精确计算. 讨论了在共振时, 两量子比特和谐振子耦合系统基态的性质以及量子比特和谐振子之间的纠缠与量子比特-量子比特间的纠缠的不同. 结果表明: 当不考虑外场时, 量子比特-量子比特间的纠缠随着耦合强度的增大从1迅速地减小到零, 表明了量子比特-量子比特间的纠缠对耦合强度是非常敏感的; 而量子比特和谐振子之间的纠缠随着耦合强度的增大从零迅速地增大, 但不能达到理论上的最大值2; 当初始时刻两量子比特没有纠缠时, 在弱耦合强度下, 真空场不能导致纠缠的产生; 而强的耦合非旋波效应则可以导致纠缠的突然产生现象. 关键词： 相干态正交化展开 非旋波近似 量子纠缠     

非旋波近似下Λ型三能级原子与相干态光场的量子纠缠

在非旋波近似下,利用相干态正交化展开方法,对相干态光场与Λ型三能级原子相互作用的量子场熵进行了精确求解.利用量子熵理论讨论了耦合强度、平均光子数以及初始时刻原子处于不同的能级对量子纠缠的影响.数值计算的结果表明：当初始时刻原子处于激发态时,量子纠缠在较短的时间内就能演化到最大值,随着平均光子数的增大,纠缠演化的周期性逐渐明显|原子初始时刻处于三个能级的叠加态会使初始阶段量子纠缠显著降低|与旋波近似下的结果不同的是,随着耦合强度以及平均光子数的增加,非旋波项的贡献显著增强,使得量子纠缠演化曲线出现小锯齿状的振荡.     

电子自旋辅助实现光子偏振态的量子纠缠浓缩

量子纠缠浓缩可以将非最大的纠缠态转变为最大纠缠态,提高量子通信的安全性.本文基于圆偏振光和量子点-腔系统的相互作用,用一个单光子作为连接远距离纠缠光子对的桥梁,在理想条件下实现了光子偏振纠缠态的浓缩.计算结果显示,这个纠缠浓缩方案在考虑耦合强度和腔泄漏的情况下也可以保持较高的保真度,而且不需要知道部分纠缠态的初始信息,也不必重复执行纠缠浓缩过程.这不仅提高了量子纠缠浓缩的安全性,也有助于通过消耗最少的量子资源来实现高效的量子信息处理.     

Non-Markovian entanglement transfer to distant atoms in a coupled superconducting resonator

We investigate the non-Markovian effects on the entanglement transfer to the distant non-interacting atom qubits,which are embedded in a coupled superconducting resonator. The master equation governing the dynamics of the system is derived by the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion(NMQSD) method. Based on the solution, we show that the memory effect of the environment can lead to higher entanglement revival and make the entanglement last for a longer time. That is to say, the non-Markovian environment can enhance the entanglement transfer. It is also found that the maximum entanglement transferred to distant atoms can be modified by appropriately selecting the frequency of the modulated intercavity coupling. Moreover, with the initial anti-correlated state, the entanglement between the cavity fields can be almost completely transferred to the separated atoms. Lastly, we show that the memory effect has a significant impact on the generation of entanglement from the initial non-entangled states.     

Dynamics of entanglement protection of two qubits using a driven laser field and detunings:Independent and common,Markovian and/or non-Markovian regimes

Preventing quantum entanglement from decoherence effect is of theoretical and practical importance in the quantum information processing technologies.In this regard,we consider the entanglement dynamics of two identical qubits where the qubits which are coupled to two independent(Markovian and/or non-Markovian) as well as a common reservoir at zero temperature are further interacted with a classical driving laser field.Then,we study the preservation of generated two-qubit entanglement in various situations using the concurrence measure.It is shown that by applying the classical driving field and so the possibility of controlling the Rabi frequency,the amount of entanglement of the two-qubit system is improved in the off-resonance condition between the qubit and the central cavity frequencies(central detuning) in both non-Markovian and Markovian reservoirs.While the central detuning has a constructive role,the detuning between the qubit and the classical field(laser detuning) affects negatively on the entanglement protection.The obtained results show that long-living entanglement in the non-Markovian reservoir is more accessible than in the Markovian reservoir.We demonstrate that,in a common reservoir non-zero stationary entanglement is achievable whenever the two-qubit system is coupled to the reservoir with appropriate values of relative coupling strengths.     

Non-Markovian entanglement sudden death and rebirth of a two-qubit system in the presence of system-bath coherence

We present a detailed study of the entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit system coupled to independent non-Markovian environments, employing hierarchy equations. This recently developed theoretical treatment can conveniently solve non-Markovian problems. We concentrate on calculating the death and rebirth time points of the entanglement to obtain a general view of the concurrence curve and explore the behavior of entanglement dynamics with respect to the coupling strength, the characteristic frequency of the noise bath and the environment temperature.     

Non-Markovian entanglement dynamics in coupled superconducting qubit systems

We theoretically analyze the entanglement generation and dynamics by coupled Josephson junction qubits. Considering a current-biased Josephson junction (CBJJ), we generate maximally entangled states. In particular, the entanglement dynamics is considered as a function of the decoherence parameters, such as the temperature, the ratio r ≡ w_c\omega_c/w₀\omega_0 between the reservoir cutoff frequency w_c\omega_c and the system oscillator frequency w₀\omega_0,
and the energy levels split of the superconducting circuits in the non-Markovian master equation. We analyzed the entanglement sudden death (ESD) and entanglement sudden birth (ESB) by the non-Markovian master equation. Furthermore, we find that the larger the ratio r and the thermal energy k _BT , the shorter the decoherence. In this superconducting qubit system we find that the entanglement can be controlled and the ESD time can be prolonged by adjusting the temperature and the superconducting phases F_k\Phi_k which split the energy levels.     

Dynamics of Quantum Entanglement in Reservoir with Memory Effects

The non-Markovian dynamics of quantum entanglement is studied by the Shabani-Lidar master equation when one of entangled quantum systems is coupled to a local reservoir with memory effects.The completely positive reduced dynamical map can be constructed in the Kraus representation.Quantum entanglement decays more slowly in the non-Markovian environment.The decoherence time for quantum entanglement can be markedly increased with the change of the memory kernel.It is found out that the entanglement sudden death between quantum systems and entanglement sudden birth between the system and reservoir occur at different instants.     

Modulation of Entanglement for Coupled Superconducting Qubits Under Non-Markovian Environment

The evolution of entanglement decoherence is investigated for a coupled superconducting qubit under non-Markovian environment by utilizing a commensal entanglement degree. The results show that, owing to the memory feedback effect of environment, the entanglement degree of the coupled qubits at the thermal equilibrium always monotonously tends to zero so that entanglement sudden death occurs briefly in the non-Markovian process. Different from the Markovian process, stronger the dissipation is, faster the entanglement sudden death is. We find that, furthermore, the interaction between the qubits results generally in reduction of entanglement degree in the quantum system. With some special initial states or initial phase angles, however, the influence of the interaction between qubits on the system entanglement degree can be avoided.     

驱动两能级原子和真空场相互作用系统中纠缠突然死亡的操控

利用并发度和线性熵作为纠缠度量研究了两个驱动两能级原子和真空场相互作用系统中的纠缠动力学特性,分析了经典驱动场频率、原子和经典场的耦合系数以及参数α对并发度和线性熵的影响。结果发现通过调控经典驱动场能够提高两原子之间和两原子与场之间的纠缠,实现两原子之间纠缠突然死亡现象的操控,理论上提供了一种调控纠缠的方式。     

Delayed sudden birth and sudden death of entanglement in Josephson-charge qubits

Distinctive features of the entanglement dynamics of a circuit containing two-coupled superconducting charge qubits are explored. The striking effects of junction coupling on the entanglement are presented in terms of the concurrence. We also point out the importance effects of initial state selection for obtaining different features of entanglement, such as, sudden death and sudden birth. Original Text ? Astro, Ltd., 2009. The article is published in the original.     

Erratum to “Effect of the time-dependent coupling on a superconducting qubit-field system under decoherence: Entanglement and Wehrl entropy” [Ann. Physics 361 (2015) 247–258]

The dynamics of a superconducting (SC) qubit interacting with a field under decoherence with and without time-dependent coupling effect is analyzed. Quantum features like the collapse–revivals for the dynamics of population inversion, sudden birth and sudden death of entanglement, and statistical properties are investigated under the phase damping effect. Analytic results for certain parametric conditions are obtained. We analyze the influence of decoherence on the negativity and Wehrl entropy for different values of the physical parameters. We also explore an interesting relation between the SC-field entanglement and Wehrl entropy behavior during the time evolution. We show that the amount of SC-field entanglement can be enhanced as the field tends to be more classical. The studied model of SC-field system with the time-dependent coupling has high practical importance due to their experimental accessibility which may open new perspectives in different tasks of quantum formation processing.