Distributed Analysis with Java and Objectivity

New experiments including those at the LHC will require analysis of very large datasets which are best handled with distributed computation.We present the design and development of a prototype framework using Java and Objectivity.Our framework solves such analysis-specific problems as selecting event samples from large distributed databases.producing varialbe distributions,and negotiating between multiple analysis service providers.Examples from the successful application of the prototype to the analysis of data from the L3 experiment will also be presented.     

Photovoltaic and Electroluminescence Bifunctional Devices with Starburst Amine and Rare-Earth-Complexes

We fabricate the organic photovoltaic （PV） devices, in which 4,4＇,4＂-tris-（2-methylphenylphenylamino）triphenylamine （m-MTDATA） and rare earth （RE） （dibenzoylmethanato）a（bathohenanthroline） （RE（DBM）abath） （RE = Nd or Pr） are used as electron donor and acceptor, and investigate their PV properties. The PV diode fabricated in the optimum processing conditions shows the open-circuit voltage of 1.91 V, short-circuit current of 0.1 mA/cm^2, fill factor of 0.38, and the overall power conversion efficiency of 1.9% when it is irradiated under UV light （4 m W/cm^2）. The photocurrent density exhibits an increase of 20% at least when a very thin LiF layer is inserted between the RE-complexes and the A1 cathode. A strong electroluminescence from the interface is also observed and the maximum luminance of a yellow emission resulted from the exciplex is 580 cd/m^2 at 17 V bias.     

A matter-dominated cosmological model with variable G and Λ and its confrontation with observational data

In the framework of renormalization-group improved cosmologies, we analyze both theoretically and observationally the exact and general solution of the matter-dominated cosmological equations, by using the expression of the cosmological term as a function of the Newton parameter already determined by the integration method employed in a previous paper. A rough comparison between such a model and the concordance ΛCDM model from the point of view of the magnitude-redshift relationship has been already considered, without showing any appreciable differences. Here we test our model by using astrophysical data (the Union2 type Ia supernovae (SNIa) dataset, the Hubble diagram constructed from some gamma ray bursts luminosity distance indicator), to constrain its parameters. We also apply a cosmographic approach to our cosmological model. In order to estimate the cosmographic parameters we fit a large dataset, including not only the Hubble diagram, as traced by SNIa and gamma ray bursts, but also the H(z) measurements from passively evolving galaxies, baryon acoustic oscillations and the distance priors from the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy spectrum. We show that this matter-dominated cosmological model with variable Newton parameter and variable cosmological term is indeed compatible with the observations above. The cosmographic approach adopted confirms such conclusions. Last, it seems possible to include radiation into the model, since numerical integration of the equations derived by the presence of both radiation and matter shows that, after inflation, the total density parameter is initially dominated by the radiation contribution and later by the matter one.     

Random and Preferential Attachment Networks with Aging

A new model for network generation is proposed by considering both the preferential and random attachments with aging. The connectivity distribution is obtained with the mean-field theory. The simulation results show that the model can be used to generate such networks with different topology structures as random and scale-free ones. The networks with different densities (i.e., the average connectivity degrees) can also be generated by the model.     

Flat FRW models with variableG and Λ

We consider Einstein's equations with variable gravitational couplingG and cosmological term . For a power-law time-dependence ofG, the cosmological term varies in proportion to the inverse square of the time, provided the equation of state is not that of vacuum. There is then no dimensional constant associated with . For a vacuum equation of state the model is compatible with classical inflation for a wide class of functionsG(t) and (t). For non-power-law behaviour ofG(t), it is possible to have a scale factor that increases exponentially without a vacuum equation of state. For this case the energy density associated with decreases exponentially, while at time zero it is equal with opposite sign to the regular energy density, so there is zero total energy initially.     

Phantom Energy with Variable G and Λ

We investigate a cosmological model of a phantom energy with a variable cosmological constant （∧） depending on the energy density （ρ） as ∧∝ρ^α,α=const and a variable gravitational constant G. The model requires α 〈 0 and a negative gravitational constant. The cosmological constant evolves with time as ∧ ∝ t^-2. For ω 〉 - 1 and α 〈 -1 the cosmological constant ∧ 〈 0, G 〉 0 and ρ decrease with cosmic expansion. For ordinary energy （or dark energy）, i.e.ω 〉 -1, we have -1 〈 α〈 0 and β 〉 0 so that G〉0 increases with time and p decreases with time. Cosmic acceleration with dust particles is granted, provided -2/3 〈α〈 0 and ∧〉0.     

Open and Closed World Models in Kaluza-Klein-Theory with Variables G and Λ

The field equation of higher dimensions theory, have been applied in the area of cosmology. The resulting differential equations are solved for open and closed. We derive a relation between the Einstein constant G(t) and the cosmological constant Λ(t) from the conservation law T _μ ^ν _;ν =0. We give a specific form of Λ(t) to solve the non-linear differential equations. Some cosmological parameters are calculated and some relevant cosmological problems are discussed.     

Dibaryon Mass and Width Calculation with Tensor Interaction

The effect of tensor interaction due to gluon and Goldstone boson exchange on the dibaryon mass and decay width has been studied in the framework of the quark delocalization and colour screening model. The effective S-D wave transition interactions induced by gluon and Goldstone boson exchanges decrease quickly with the increasing channel strangeness, and there is no six-quark state in the light flavour world, which can become a bound one by the help of these tensor interactions, except for the deuteron. The K and η meson exchange effect has been shown to be negligible after a short-range truncation in this model approach. The partial D-wave decay widths, from the NΩ state to the AΞ final states of spins 0 and 1, are 20.7 keV and 63.1 keV respectively. This is a very narrow dibaryon resonance, that might be detected in the relativistic heavy ion reaction by the existing RHIC detectors through the reconstruction of the AΞ vertex mass and by the future COMPAS detector at CERNand the FAIR project in Germany.     

Birkhoff's theorem with Λ-term and Bertotti-Kasner space

If a Λ-term is included, the usual generalization of Schwarzschild space is not the only possible spherically symmetric vacuum solution. Another is Bertotti-Kasner space, as has been noted before but not explicitly demonstrated. The purpose of this note is to reformulate the unicity theorem and to discuss the extra solution.     

Anisotropic Viscous Cosmology with Variable G and Λ

Einstein's equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in the presence of bulk viscosity for a Bianchi type I model in a way which conserves the energy momentum tensor. Several solutions are found, one of which corresponds to the earlier solution found by Tarkeshwar Singh et al. for the isotropic case. Our approach is compared with that of Arbab.     

Synthesis and PL Properties of ZnSe Nanowires with Zincblende and Wurtzite Structures

Single crystalline ZnSe nanowires with both zincblende and wurtzite structures have been synthesized via a chemical vapour deposition method under different growth conditions. The nanowires are usually 50-80nm in diameter, and several tens of microns in length. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra from zincblende and wurtzite ZnSe nanowires show a broad luminescence band peaked at around 2. 71 e V and a deep level emission band peaked at around 2.00 eV, respectively. Effects of post-growth annealing on the photoluminescence of these nanowires have been investigated. Strong room-temperature band-edge emission could be obtained from the annealed zincblende ZnSe nanowires.     

Scanning moiré and phase shifting with time delay and integration imaging

Scanning moiré is generated by undersampling of a phase-modulated grating pattern. In projection profilometry the scanning moiré pattern represents equal height and depth contours on a test object. By use of time delay and integration (TDI) imaging, it is possible to generate an on-line scanning moiré pattern from the complete periphery of a rotating cylindrical object. For automated phase and profile unwrapping from scanning moiré fringes, phase-shifting interferometry techniques are most desirable. However, lack of spatial information in the undersampled scanning moiré fringes introduces serious errors in phase unwrapping. We report a method that uses oversupply of data to balance the effect of undersampling. This oversupply is achieved with a TDI feature that permits programmable image magnification in the scanning direction.     

Penguins with charm and quark–hadron duality

The integrated branching fraction of the process B→X _s l ⁺ l ⁻ is dominated by resonance background from narrow charmonium states, such as B→X _s ψ→X _s l ⁺ l ⁻, which exceeds the non-resonant charm-loop contribution by two orders of magnitude. The origin of this fact is discussed in view of the general expectation of quark–hadron duality. The situation in B→X _s l ⁺ l ⁻ is contrasted with charm-penguin amplitudes in two-body hadronic B decays of the type B→π π, for which it is demonstrated that resonance effects and the potentially non-perturbative threshold region do not invalidate the standard picture of QCD factorization. This holds irrespective of whether the charm quark is treated as a light or a heavy quark.     

Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Variable G and A

Einstein＇s field equations with C and A both varying with time are considered in the presence of a perfect fluid for five-dimensional cosmological model in a way which conserves the energy momentum tensor of the matter content. Several sets of explicit solutions in the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein type cosmological models with variable G and A are obtained. The diminishment of extra dimension with the evolution of the universe for the five-dimensional model is exhibited. The physical properties of the models are examined.     

Two-Player and Two-Strategy Symmetric Evolutionary Game with Fluctuations

Research on evolutionary games in a noisy environment is still a non-solved problem. By using Markov process, we build a dynamic model for two-player and two-strategy symmetric game in noisy environment. Some illustrative examples are presented and the results are determined by simulation experiments.     

Experiments with single atoms in cavities and traps

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Growth and characterization of InAs quantum dots with low-density and long emission wavelength

The growth parameters affecting the deposition of self-assembled InAs quantum dots(QDs)on GaAs sub- strate by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)are reported,The low-density InAs QDs(～5×10~8 cm~(-2))are achieved using high growth temperature and low InAs coverage.Photolu- minescence(PL)measurements show the good optical quality of low-density QDs.At room temperature, the ground state peak wavelength of PL spectrum and full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)are 1361 nm and 23 meV(35 nm).respectively,which are obtained as the GaAs capping layer grown using triethylgal- lium(TEG)and tertiallybutylarsine(TBA).The PL spectra exhibit three emission peaks at 1361,1280, and 1204 nm,which correspond to the ground state,the first excited state,and the second excited state of the QDs,respectively.     

QCD studies and discoveries with e + e − colliders and future perspectives

Observations of new charmonium(-like) and bottomonium(-like) states (sometimes refered to as “XYZ” states) at e ^?+? e ^??? colliders have changed our picture of quarkonia systems as QCD bound states. Potential models with a linear confinement ansatz, which were able to predict many conventional states with an accuracy of ～1 MeV, absolutely fail in describing many of the new states. Symmetries play an important role e.g. in the determination of the quantum numbers (such as charge conjugation in the radiative decays) or in trying to explain surprising properties such as isospin violation.     

The CMS Event Builder Demonstrator and Results with Ethernet and Myrinet Switch Technologies

The data acquisition system for the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will require a large and high performance event building network.Several architectures and swithch technologies are currently being evaluated.This paper describes demonstrators which have been set up to study a small-scale event builder based on PCs emulating high performance sources and sinks connected via Ethernet or Myrinet switches.Results from ongoing studies,including measurements on throughput and scaling,are presented.