恒功率输入恒流输出的电容器充电电源

常规恒流充电电源输入端的功率随着输出电压的升高而逐渐增加,充电结束时输入端的功率由最大值迅速降为0,不仅需要电网能够提供近2倍于平均值的峰值功率,还会造成电网电压的波动,特别是在重复频率与工频接近的大功率应用场合时,可能造成电网滤波系统的振荡,影响供电可靠性和干扰其他用电设备。提出了一种带有储能环节的电路拓扑,使得在对负载恒流充电期间,输入端的功率保持在平均功率水平。充分利用了串联谐振电路断续工作模式的特点,无需辅助变换器,仅通过双向开关对电流的控制,可将充电初期多余能量存储到储能环节,并在充电后期逐渐将此能量向负载释放,在充电启停时刻储能环节的净增能量为0。将上述拓扑电路添加到基于DC-link的恒流充电电源中,进行了分析和控制参数推导,并在输出电流8 A、最高输出电压5 kV的电源上进行了实验,结果表明:充电期间直流母线提供的电流基本稳定,幅值为常规方案中最大母线电流的一半左右。     

恒功率输入恒流输出的电容器充电电源

常规恒流充电电源输入端的功率随着输出电压的升高而逐渐增加,充电结束时输入端的功率由最大值迅速降为0,不仅需要电网能够提供近2倍于平均值的峰值功率,还会造成电网电压的波动,特别是在重复频率与工频接近的大功率应用场合时,可能造成电网滤波系统的振荡,影响供电可靠性和干扰其他用电设备。提出了一种带有储能环节的电路拓扑,使得在对负载恒流充电期间,输入端的功率保持在平均功率水平。充分利用了串联谐振电路断续工作模式的特点,无需辅助变换器,仅通过双向开关对电流的控制,可将充电初期多余能量存储到储能环节,并在充电后期逐渐将此能量向负载释放,在充电启停时刻储能环节的净增能量为0。将上述拓扑电路添加到基于DC-link的恒流充电电源中,进行了分析和控制参数推导,并在输出电流8 A、最高输出电压5 kV的电源上进行了实验,结果表明：充电期间直流母线提供的电流基本稳定,幅值为常规方案中最大母线电流的一半左右。     

Vibration transmission from internal structures to the tank of an oil-filled power transformer

The vibration of a transformer tank is related to the transformer’s noise radiation and health condition. Therefore, it is important to understand the transmission of vibration from internal vibration sources in the windings and core to the transformer tank. The characteristics of this transmission are determined by direct mechanical coupling between the internal structures and the tank, and by indirect coupling through fluid–structure interaction induced by the transformer’s cooling oil. In this paper, the transmission of vibration is examined experimentally in a 110-kV power transformer with and without cooling oil. Under respective mechanical and electrical excitations, vibrations of the internal structures and transformer tank are measured simultaneously. The results allow an evaluation of the transmission efficiency of vibration from the internal structures to the tank, and the effects of fluid–structure coupling on the transmission. This experimental work improves understanding of vibration transmission in oil-filled power transformers, and explains the characteristics of a transformer’s on-line vibration.     

Actuator saturation control of uncertain structures with input time delay

This paper presents a robust saturation control approach for active vibration attenuation of building structures involving parameter uncertainties and input time delay. The parameter uncertainties are described in both polytopic and norm-bounded forms and represent the variations of floor masses, stiffnesses and damping coefficients. The input time delay can be time-varying within a known bound. In terms of the feasibility of certain delay-dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), a state feedback controller can be designed to guarantee the robust stability and performance of the closed-loop system in the presence of parameter uncertainties, actuator saturation, and input time delay. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is investigated by numerical simulations on the vibration control of a three-storey building structure subject to seismic excitation. It is validated that the designed robust saturation controller can effectively suppress the structural vibration and keep the system stability when there are parameter uncertainties and input time delay.     

Cochlear power flux as an indicator of mechanical activity

The question of whether one can conclude just from basilar membrane (BM) vibration data that the cochlea is an active mechanical system is addressed. To this end, a method is developed which computes the power flux through a channel cross section of a short-wave cochlear model from a given BM vibration pattern. The power flux is an important indicator of mechanical activity because a rise in this function corresponds to creation of mechanical energy. The power flux method is applied to BM velocity patterns as measured by Johnstone and Yates [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 584-587 (1974)] and by Sellick et al. [Hear. Res. 10, 101-108 (1983)] in the guinea pig and by Robles et al. [Peripheral Auditory Mechanisms, edited by J.B. Allen, J.L. Hall, A.E. Hubbard, S.T. Neely, and A. Tubis (Springer, New York, 1986a), pp. 121-128, and J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1364-1374 (1986b)] in the chinchilla. Before the calculations are performed, the BM data are interpolated and smoothed in order to avoid numerical errors as a result of too few and noisy data points. The choice of the smoothing method influences the computed power flux function considerably. Nevertheless, the calculations appear to make a clear distinction between the "old" data, showing broad BM tuning (Johnstone and Yates, 1974), and the "new" data, in which the response is much more peaked (Sellick et al., 1983; Robles et al., 1986a, b). The former do not give rise to a significant increase of the power flux; the latter do, although less convincingly for the Sellick et al. (1983) data than for the Robles et al. (1986a,b) data. It is thus concluded that the recently obtained, sharply tuned BM responses reflect the presence of mechanical activity in the cochlea.     

Effective power input into quasi-optical cavity with travelling wave

The open three-mirror cavity with a travelling wave, and reflecting diffraction grating on one mirror as a coupler was excited by a wave beam at the frequency 140 GHz. The investigation showed the wave power in the cavity to be about 30 times higher than that at the cavity entrance.     

Direct measurement of the effective input noise power of an optical parametric amplifier

The spontaneous fluorescence background in optical parametric amplifiers is generally attributed to the zero‐point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. These are amplified in parallel to the seed light and lead to an uncompressible superfluorescence background that deteriorates the contrast in optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers (OPCPA). The absolute level of the underlying parametric fluorescence has not been reported so far. Comparing the fluorescence to low level cw seed light and quantitatively monitoring the output of a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier for both sources, the level is now determined. In a situation of 50 nm visible output bandwidth and low Gaussian spatial modes about 58 photons are found in the signal direction within the femtosecond time window of the amplifier. The superfluorescence level is observed to be proportional to the pump area for constant signal amplification. The implications for the background in high power OPCPA are discussed.     

Temperature dependence and input optical power tolerance of an InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator module

We report the temperature dependence and input optical power tolerance of an InGaAsP electroabsorption (EA) modulator module. Thermal stability of the module was found to be very high. The optimum E _g at 20°C has been estimated to be 48–55 meV. At E _g of 53 meV, the insertion loss was almost independent of the temperature, while the driving voltage was strongly dependent on the temperature. The breakdown phenomena were investigated in detail; these occurred under conditions of very high input power and/or high bias voltage. Input power for breakdown was smaller for higher bias voltage or smaller E _g. Allowable maximum input optical power has a large margin (>5 dB) for the conventional input level in practical systems.     

管内流速对充液壳输入能量流的影响

分析一弹性薄壁充液圆柱壳,从Fugge壳体方程和均匀流场中的声波方程出发,利用边界条件;推导出声振耦合系统的频散方程。用傅氏变换求得在周向简谐力作用下输入能量流的表达式,并用沿复波数域的纯实轴进行数值积分的方法求得其结果,管内流体流速对结果的影响也进行了讨论与分析。     

等离子体天线输入阻抗测量及分析

通过矢量网络分析仪测量了不同激励功率条件下柱形等离子体天线系统的输入阻抗随频率的变化关系,实验结果表明柱形等离子体天线输入阻抗具有明显的谐振特性.结合放电管的等效电路模型与柱形等离子体天线输入电流特性,定性分析了等离子体天线输入阻抗变化与等离子体参数之间的关系.此种测量方法有助于等离子体天线动态重构特性的研究和实现快速阻抗匹配. 关键词： 等离子体天线 输入阻抗 表面波     

BCC结构TiCrTaV合金的电子结构及力学性能的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法计算TiCrTaV多组元合金中两种BCC结构的结构稳定性、力学性能、德拜温度、电子结构和布居分析. 生成焓和内聚能结果表明BCC1的结构稳定性更好,更容易形成. 弹性常数和模量表明BCC1的强度和韧性更强,BCC2的抗剪切能力和刚度更好,两种结构均具有弹性各向异性. 德拜温度和Grüneisen参数结果表明BCC2的键合强度和热稳定性更好. 电子结构和布居分析表明两种结构均包含共价键和金属键. Ta原子形成的共价键强度更大,金属键仅存在于Ti、Cr和V原子之间. 元素成键后Ti和V原子失去电子,Cr和Ta原子得到电子.     

Geometrical optics of lightguides with an oblique input end-face

The geometrical-optics relations between meridional rays of incidence and maximum aperture have been derived for the general case of a lightguide with an oblique input end-face. It is shown that the maximum angles of incidence are asymmetrical with respect to both the axis of the lightguide and the normal to the input end-face. A numerical comparison shows that for a light-guide with an oblique input end-face, in the meridional ray case, a greater or smaller angle of aperture may result, depending on the cutting angle, compared with that for a lightguide input end-face perpendicular to the optical axis. A greater angle of aperture is especially important since it means an improvement in the launching efficiency of incoherent light sources. Moreover, the maximum angle of aperture has been derived for the generalized light guide in which successive total internal reflections at the cladding/surroundings interface have been taken into account.     

Measurement of the glottal impedance with a mechanical model

An approximate but realistic model of the human larynx was constructed to gain better knowledge of the complex glottal impedance and its dependence on glottal width, flow, and frequency. The glottal width was adjustable from 0 to 3 mm, the flow from 0 to 500 cm3/s. The model was fitted into a system of tubes, through which compressed air could be conducted. Supraglottally, a broadband signal was fed into the tube, and, with a two-microphone directional coupler, the complex glottal impedance at a given reference plane was directly determined as a function of frequency. Since the calculated impedance is sensitively dependent on the definition of the position of the reference plane, it is difficult to obtain quantitative statements about the frequency dependence. Nevertheless, in the presence of flow, it is possible to achieve reliable results by analysis of the relative position of the measured curves. On the one hand, the glottal inductance decreases linearly with increasing flow velocity; on the other hand, it diminishes nonlinearly with decreasing frequency. Finally, some difficulties in the definition of glottal impedance are pointed out.     

Domain and wall structures in films with helical magnetization profile

We study soft magnetic bilayers having orthogonal, in-plane easy axes. The layers are thicker than the Bloch wall width linked to the anisotropy, so that a helical magnetization with a large angle exists across the sample thickness. The magnetic domains structure has been investigated at both sample surfaces, using magneto-optical microscopy. The domain structure is found to be similar to that of double films with biquadratic coupling. Two kinds of domain walls are identified, namely with a 90° and 180° rotation of the average magnetization. The detailed structure and energy of these walls are studied by micromagnetic calculations.     

变频器输入输出参量的测量

分析了变频器高次谐波对各种仪表测量结果的影响，提出了变频器输入输出参量的测量方法和测量仪表的选择方法。     

On mechanical response in a free piezoelectric plate subjected to a prescribed diffusion and with varied voltage input

The present note seeks to investigate the mechanical response in a free piezoelectric plate subjected to a prescribed diffusion and having various types of voltage input across it.     

W波段回旋行波管输入输出段的改进设计

在回旋行波放大器的设计中,输入输出段的性能直接影响到整管输出功率、效率及增益。设计了一种采用渐变过渡段的输入耦合器来减少电子注在前端的截获,而且略微地提高了耦合特性,有效带宽达到4.06 GHz。采用二级切比雪夫渐变波导作为输出结构的耦合输出段,从仿真结果得到,在整个工作频段内,该结构中TE01工作模式的反射低于-20 dB,TE01模向杂模TE02和TE03的耦合分别在-20 dB和-30 dB以下。     

W波段回旋行波管输入输出段的改进设计

在回旋行波放大器的设计中,输入输出段的性能直接影响到整管输出功率、效率及增益。设计了一种采用渐变过渡段的输入耦合器来减少电子注在前端的截获,而且略微地提高了耦合特性,有效带宽达到4.06 GHz。采用二级切比雪夫渐变波导作为输出结构的耦合输出段,从仿真结果得到,在整个工作频段内,该结构中TE01工作模式的反射低于-20 dB,TE01模向杂模TE02和TE03的耦合分别在-20 dB和-30 dB以下。