研磨影响粘土结构的红外光谱研究

将高岭石和蒙石两种粘土矿物分别用干法和湿法连续研磨,通过不同研磨时间的各粉城叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）的实测和比较,发现干法研１２ｈ高岭石和蒙脱古老珠结构均开发改变,经４２ｈ高岭石的层状结构完全破坏,而经２４ｈ蒙脱石的层状结构即被破坏,但在湿法条件下研磨５４ｈ,它们的结构均无明显变化。由此可见,湿法研磨比干法好,文中还初步探讨了研磨影响粘土结构的原因。     

Bi基超导体研磨非晶化的EXAFS研究

本研究了研磨对Ｂｉ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ超导体２２１２相的影响，发现干法研磨导致晶相向非晶态的转变，而加入有机溶剂的湿法研磨对晶体结构破坏很小。对两种不同研磨条件下，Ｃｕ原子和Ｂｉ原子局域结构的ＥＸＡＦＳ研究，发现Ｂｉ原子第一配位层配位状态基本无变化，第二、第三层原子配位距离相同，但无序度显增大，而Ｃｕ原子第一配位层中两种不同配位环境氧原子的无序度有不同程度的增大。由此推断，研磨所导致的非晶态     

金刚石镶嵌非晶碳膜表面形貌对场致电子发射的影响

用微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备，在经过不同研磨预处理的金属钼衬底上沉积出了表面形貌有较大差异的金刚石镶嵌非晶碳膜，分别用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、金相显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射谱（ＸＲＤ）以及Ｒａｍａｎ光谱对样品进行了分析测试．研究了各样品的场致电子发射特性，结果发现薄膜表面由大量镶嵌有金刚石小晶粒的非晶碳球组成，在我们的实验范围内，薄膜表面非晶碳球尺寸越小，场致电子发射效果越好     

钛酸铅薄膜拉曼散射和表面效应

研究了钛酸铅薄膜的拉曼光谱，发现了新的软模，满足居里－外斯关系，Ａ１（１ＴＯ）和Ｅ（１ＴＯ）的强度随温度增加而反常增强，ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ研究了晶格结构，包括晶格参量，化学计量比和氧空位。     

钛酸铅薄膜拉曼散射和表面效应(英文)

研究了钛酸铅薄膜的拉曼光谱，发现了新的软模，满足居里－外斯关系。Ａ１（１ＴＯ）和Ｅ（１ＴＯ）的强度随温度增加而反常增强。ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ研究了晶格结构，包括晶格参量，化学计量比和氧空位。     

用于硬X光诊断的K边滤波谱仪

介绍了用于低激光能量（Ｅ＿Ｌ≤２３ＯＪ）二倍频实验中硬Ｘ光诊断的多道Ｋ边滤波谱仪（简称Ｋ·ＦＳ）的工作原理、结构性能和特点，给出了Ｋ·ＦＳ在惯性约束聚变（ＩＣＦ）实验中观测硬Ｘ光谱的典型实验结果。     

原子簇H4构型的稳定性

本文用多重散射Ｘα方法对Ｈ４的正方形（Ｄ４ｈ）９正四面体Ｔｄ），正三边形（Ｄ３ｈ），正三棱锥（Ｃ３ｖ），菱形（Ｄ２ｈ），矩形（Ｄ２ｈ）Ｄ２ｄ和Ｄ２等几何构型进行了研究，得到了这些构型在稳定性相对顺序，并分析了有可能成为交换反应：Ｈ２＋Ｄ２→２ＨＤ中过滤态的前五种构型，最终不能成为过滤态的原因。     

铁基合金锡、锌镀层厚度的X射线荧光光谱快速测定

铁基合金锡、锌镀层的厚度通常采用湿法化学法分析，本文根据在临界厚度以内，Ｘ射线荧光强度与样品厚度有关的原理，用波长色散Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪测定镀锡板（俗称马口铁）、镀锌板中的ＳｎＫα_１、ＺｎＫα_（１．２）、ＦｅＫα_（１．２）等特征谱线的强度，然后用线性回归和非线性拟合等方法获得谱线强度和镀层厚度之间的数学关系。本法测量锡、锌镀层厚度准确、快速、简便，所得结果可与湿法化学分析结果相比。     

差谱技术用于塑料焊接剂的结构鉴定

本文利用ＮＩＣＯＬＥＴ２０ＤＸＢ傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的差减光谱（差谱）软件对复杂混合物的光谱成功地进行了二次光谱图的差减，得到了很好的单一组分的红外光谱图，从而鉴定了塑料焊接剂主成分的结构。     

［NaXY」_2W_nMo_（6－n）O_（19）的~1HNMR和IR研究

本文对二种具有新奇结构的［ＮａＸＹ］２ＷｎＭｏ６－ｎＯ１９（Ⅰ．Ｘ＝ＤＢ１８Ｃ６，Ｙ＝ＣＨ３ＯＨ，ｎ＝４；Ⅱ．Ｘ＝ＤＢ２４Ｃ８，ｎ＝１）冠醚钼钨杂多酸超分子配合物进行了核磁共振和红外光谱测定，判定了谱图的归属并考察了结构与谱学参数之间的关系。     

Surface modification and characterization of Jordanian kaolinite: Application for lead removal from aqueous solutions

Kaolinite clay was tested for removal of lead ions from aqueous solution. This clay was washed with sulfuric acid solution followed by chemical surface modification using 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane and sodium hydroxide. XRF results showed that silica to alumina ratio was 2.8:1 for the treated sample compared to 1.6:1 for the raw one.XRD analysis displayed different distinct kaolinite and quartz peaks before treatment while kaolinite peaks were diminished after the treatment. SEM morphology indicated that the raw kaolinite appears as plate structure with no local pores on the plates. However, after treatment the surface was found to have micropores.Different adsorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental data and found that Shawabkeh-Tutunji equation best fit these data adequately. It was also found that chemisorption took place at the surface of the modified kaolinite with maximum adsorption capacity of 54.35 mg/g.     

改性高岭土填充聚丙烯的光谱分析

采用湿法对高岭土进行表面改性,熔融共混法制备了PP/高岭土/PP-g-MAH复合材料.利用傅里叶变换(FTIR)红外光谱仪、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)手段表征和力学、热学性能测试.结果表明:改性剂很好地与高岭土反应,并且与PP-g-MAH产生良好的协同作用.复合材料的拉伸强度提高...     

应用XRD光谱研究水旱利用方式下盐碱土粘粒矿物演化特性

以吉林省典型盐碱土为研究对象,对比分析水田与旱田利用方式下土壤粘粒矿物的组成特征,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)光谱研究两种利用方式下粘粒矿物的演化规律。结果表明,水田利用方式下,盐碱土各项理化性质均优于旱田利用,且水田利用较旱田利用更能促进盐碱土颗粒风化,提高粉粒颗粒含量。水田利用下土壤有强烈的脱钾过程,粘粒矿物的水化程度较高,伊利石结晶度降低。XRD光谱分析表明,两种利用方式下粘粒矿物组成相似,但衍射峰的强度及峰位存在差异。旱田利用的盐碱土粘粒矿物演变过程主要为S/I混层矿物→蛭石,水田方式下演变过程则主要为黑云母→伊利石和S/I混层矿物→蛭石→高岭石;长期水田利用后的盐碱土会出现一类羟基化的“绿泥石化”矿物。研究结果表明水田利用更有助于改善土壤结构,培育高肥力土壤,对盐碱土的改良效果较好。利用XRD光谱分析方法,较为全面的测定了粘粒矿物的各项特性,并针对两种利用方式进行对比分析,是土壤矿物研究的新视角。     

Correlation between full width at half maximum (FWHM) of XRD peak with residual stress on ground surfaces

The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of XRD profiles is used to characterize different material properties and surface integrity features. However, there is no literature available that discusses the nature of the correlation between the FWHM of XRD peaks with induced surface residual stress upon grinding with simultaneous occurrence of plastic deformation, formation of white layer, grain elongation, change in microhardness, etc. AISI 1060 steel samples were ground under different grinding domains, i.e. conventional abusive grinding, conventional grinding, cBN grinding and high speed grinding with moderately deep cut. Induction of tensile and compressive residual stress, microstructural changes, white layer formation, grain refinement, plastic deformation, grain elongation and change in microhardness were observed upon grinding AISI 1060 steel. A correlation was established between the FWHM of XRD peaks and surface residual stress when simultaneous changes in microhardness and microstructure, grain elongation, plastic deformation and formation of white layer take place due to grinding. The correlation between FWHM of XRD peak and residual stress appears to be nonlinear due to simultaneous change in other aspects of surface integrity.     

First-principles study of atomic and electronic structures of kaolinite in soft rock

Kaolinite is a kind of clay mineral which often causes large deformations in soft-rock tunnel engineering and thus causes safety issues.To deal with these engineering safety issues,the physical/chemical properties of the kaolinite should be studied from basic viewpoints.By using the density-functional theory,in this paper,the atomic and the electronic structures of the kaolinite are studied within the local-density approximation(LDA).It is found that the kaolinite has a large indirect band gap with the conduction band minimum(CBM) and the valence band maximum(VBM) being at the Γ and the B points,respectively.The chemical bonding between the cation and the oxygen anion in kaolinite is mainly ionic,accompanied by a minor covalent component.It is pointed that the VBM and the CBM of kaolinite consist of oxygen 2p and cation s states,respectively.The bond lengths between different cations and anions,as well as of the different OH groups,are also compared.     

Effect of Mechanochemical Processing on Illite Particles

Dry grinding of illite particles has been investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Prolonged grinding results in an amorphous illite structure and the mechanochemical effect markedly promotes a reduction in reflection intensities with increased grinding time. It is confirmed that illite is very susceptible to alteration by grinding. The illite crystal size (d₀₀₆) appears to reach a limit after 2 h of grinding. N₂ adsorption studies indicate that illite ground for 8 h shows a larger average pore diameter than a sample after 4 h grinding or the original illite. It is inferred that grinding is good for the formation of macrostructural pores. Illite grinding results in a decrease in the Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) surface area and total pore volume. IR spectroscopy shows a slight alteration in the illite bands after mechanochemical processing and some new bands were detected after 4 or more hours of grinding.     

九江网纹红土中粘土矿物过渡相的矿物学特征及成因

为研究长江中下游网纹红土中粘土矿物过渡相的矿物学特征及成因,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、以及高分辨透射电子显微分析(HRTEM)等现代测试技术方法,对江西九江红土剖面网纹红土中粘土矿物过渡相开展系统、深入的研究。X射线衍射及红外吸收光谱分析结果表明,九江剖面网纹红土中粘土矿物组成主要有伊利石和高岭石,少量蒙脱石和伊利石/蒙脱石及微量高岭石/蒙脱石混层矿物过渡相。在高分辨透射电子显微镜下,可观察到蒙脱石晶层向高岭石晶层转化的现象。伊利石/蒙脱石过渡相是伊利石向蒙脱石转化的过渡产物,而高岭石/蒙脱石过渡相则为蒙脱石向高岭石转化的过渡产物,网纹红土中这两种过渡相的出现说明了粘土矿物风化演化的过程,即：伊利石→伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物→蒙脱石→高岭石/蒙脱石混层矿物→高岭石的演化,同时表明网纹红土形成于风化作用增强的温暖潮湿气候环境。     

Dry Grinding of Mefenamic Acid Particles for Enhancement of its Water Dissolution Rate

This paper details an investigation into the enhancement of the water dissolution rate of mefenamic acid (MA) by means of a dry grinding treatment. The physico‐chemical properties of the ground MA particles were analyzed by measurements of specific surface area, powder X‐ray diffraction patterns, differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and infrared spectra, and the effects of the change in the physico‐chemical properties (especially, crystalline structure) on the dissolution rate were studied. The polymorphic transition from Form I (original) to II and the change of the molecular structure of MA did not occur in the grinding treatments. However, the specific surface area of the MA particles increased, and the crystallinity decreased (i.e., the amorphization level increased) as the grinding progressed. Hydrogen bonds formed between the carboxyl groups of the opposed asymmetric MA molecules were broken gradually after the grinding limit was attained in the grinding system, resulting in an effective improvement of the initial dissolution rate.     

First-principles study of atomic and electronic structures of kaolinite in soft rock

Kaolinite is a kind of clay mineral which often causes large deformations in soft-rock tunnel engineering and thus causes safety issues. To deal with these engineering safety issues, the physical/chemical properties of the kaolinite should be studied from basic viewpoints. By using the density-functional theory, in this paper, the atomic and the electronic structures of the kaolinite are studied within the local-density approximation (LDA). It is found that the kaolinite has a large indirect band gap with the conduction band minimum (CBM) and the valence band maximum (VBM) being at the Γ and the B points, respectively. The chemical bonding between the cation and the oxygen anion in kaolinite is mainly ionic, accompanied by a minor covalent component. It is pointed that the VBM and the CBM of kaolinite consist of oxygen 2p and cation s states, respectively. The bond lengths between different cations and anions, as well as of the different OH groups, are also compared.