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1.
The linear optical (LO) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of isocyanurates functionalized by donor arms at the periphery are reported herein. These octupolar derivatives were obtained in a straightforward way from commercial isocyanate derivatives and were fully characterized. Although several of these compounds are known, those that exhibited the largest NLO activities are all new compounds. In terms of second-order activity, several of these derivatives exhibit remarkable activity/transparency tradeoffs. In terms of third-order activity, the longer derivatives with the stronger donor groups (X=NH(2) , NMe(2) , or NPh(2) ) were shown to possess significant two-photon absorption cross sections. These strongly luminescent derivatives exhibit two-photon absorption cross sections up to 410?GM. DFT computations were also conducted to unravel their electronic structures and to rationalize their NLO properties. To our knowledge, the present study is the first concerned with the nonlinear optical properties of these original cyclotrimers.  相似文献   

2.
Four 1,8‐naphthalimide hydrazone molecules with different electron‐donating groups have been applied in the study of linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. These compounds showed strong green emission in solution. Their NLO properties such as two‐photon absorption (TPA) behavior with femtosecond laser pulses ca. 800 nm and excited‐state absorption (ESA) behavior with nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm were investigated. Compound 4 presented the largest two‐photon cross section (550 GM) among them due to two factors: the conjugated length of compound 4 is the longest and the electron‐donating ability of compound 4 is the strongest. Different from TPA behavior, compound 2 showed the best nonlinear absorption properties at 532 nm and its nonlinear absorption coefficient and third‐order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ (3) were up to 1.41×10?10 MKS and 4.65×10?12 esu, respectively. Through the modification of the structure, the nonlinear optical properties of these compounds at different wavelengths (532 and 800 nm) were well tuned. The great broad‐band nonlinear optical properties indicate hydrazones are good candidates for organic nonlinear optical absorption materials.  相似文献   

3.
Five new multi‐branched two‐photon absorption triazine chromophores ( T1 – T5 ) with different donor strength, conjugation length, and direction of charge transfer have been designed and synthesized. The one‐photon fluorescence, fluorescence quantum yields, and two‐photon properties have been investigated. The two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross sections measured by the open aperture Z‐scan technique were determined to be 447, 854, 1023, 603, and 766 GM for T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , and T5 , respectively. This result indicates that their 2PA cross section values (σ) increase with increasing electron‐donating strength of the end group, extending the conjugation length of the system, and introducing electron‐withdrawing perfluoroalkyl as side groups to the end donor. In addition, the σ value of T5 is also larger than that of T1 , which provides evidence that the σ value is relative to the direction of charge transfer (from the ends to the center of the molecule or from the center to the ends). Moreover, significant enhancement of the two‐photon absorption cross section was achieved by introducing a thiophene moiety to a conjugated CC bond. At the same time, the optical limiting behavior for these chromophores was studied by using a focused 800 nm laser beam with pulses of 140 fs duration. It was found that these molecules also exhibit good optical limiting properties. These initial results clearly demonstrate that multi‐branched triazine chromophores are a highly suitable class of two‐photon absorbing materials.  相似文献   

4.
π‐Conjugated organic materials exhibit high and tunable nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, and fast response times. 4′‐Phenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (PTP) is an important N‐heterocyclic ligand involving π‐conjugated systems, however, studies concerning the third‐order NLO properties of terpyridine transition metal complexes are limited. The title binuclear terpyridine CoII complex, bis(μ‐4,4′‐oxydibenzoato)‐κ3O,O′:O′′;κ3O′′:O,O′‐bis[(4′‐phenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine‐κ3N,N′,N′′)cobalt(II)], [Co2(C14H8O5)2(C21H15N3)2], (1), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. In the crystal structure, each CoII cation is surrounded by three N atoms of a PTP ligand and three O atoms, two from a bidentate and one from a symmetry‐related monodentate 4,4′‐oxydibenzoate (ODA2−) ligand, completing a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. Neighbouring [Co(PTP)]2+ units are bridged by ODA2− ligands to form a ring‐like structure. The third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of (1) and PTP were determined in thin films using the Z‐scan technique. The title compound shows a strong third‐order NLO saturable absorption (SA), while PTP exhibits a third‐order NLO reverse saturable absorption (RSA). The absorptive coefficient β of (1) is −37.3 × 10−7 m W−1, which is larger than that (8.96 × 10−7 m W−1) of PTP. The third‐order NLO susceptibility χ(3) values are calculated as 6.01 × 10−8 e.s.u. for (1) and 1.44 × 10−8 e.s.u. for PTP.  相似文献   

5.
Two series of bis(styryl)benzene derivatives (BSBD), namely the single‐BSBD and the double‐BSBD, were investigated. The equilibrium geometries and electronic structures were obtained by using the density functional theory B3LYP and 6‐31G basis set. In succession, the one‐ and two‐photon absorption properties of all the molecules were studied theoretically with a ZINDO‐SOS (sum‐over‐states) method in detail. It can be seen that the double‐BSBDs have larger two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross sections in the visible‐IR range than the corresponding single‐BSBDs, demonstrating that increasing the molecular dimension is a very effective method to enhance the values of the TPA cross sections. On the other hand, it can be also noticed that the values of the TPA cross sections are correlative with the ability of donating (accepting) electrons of the terminal substituent groups R [N(CH3)2, CH3, H and CF3] in these molecules. That is, the intramolecular charge transfer is also a factor for the enhancement of the TPA efficiency. To sum up, the idea of increasing the molecular dimension to enhance the TPA cross section value is a helpful direction to explore better TPA materials for practical applications. And the double‐BSBD molecules are promising TPA materials for the further investigation from the standpoint of the high transparency and the larger TPA cross sections.  相似文献   

6.
Excellent nonlinear optical materials simultaneously meet the requirements of large SHG response, phase‐matching capability, wide transparency windows, considerable energy band‐gap, good thermal stability and structure stability. Herein, two new promising nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals LiMII(IO3)3 (MII=Zn and Cd) are rationally designed by the aliovalent substitution strategy from the commercialized α‐LiIO3 with the perfect parallel alignment of IO3 groups. Compared with parent α‐LiIO3 and related AI2MIV(IO3)6, the title compounds exhibit more stable covalent 3D structure, and overcome the racemic twinning problem of AI2MIV(IO3)6. More importantly, both compounds inherit NLO‐favorable structure merits of α‐LiIO3 and show larger SHG response (≈14× and ≈12×KDP), shorter absorption edge (294 and 297 nm) with wider energy band‐gap (4.21 and 4.18 eV), good thermal stability (460 and 430 °C), phase‐matching behaviors, wider optical transparency window and good structure stability, achieving an excellent balance of NLO properties.  相似文献   

7.
Efficient violet–blue‐emitting molecules are especially useful for applications in full‐color displays, solid‐state lighting, as well as in two‐photon absorption (TPA) excited frequency‐upconverted violet–blue lasing. However, the reported violet–blue‐emitting molecules generally possess small TPA cross sections. In this work, new 1,8‐diazapyrenes derivatives 3 with blue two‐photon‐excited fluorescence emission were concisely synthesized by the coupling reaction of readily available 1,4‐naphthoquinone O,O‐diacetyl dioxime ( 1 ) with internal alkynes 2 under the [{RhCl2Cp*}2]–Cu(OAc)2 (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand) bimetallic catalytic system. Elongation of the π‐conjugated length of 1,8‐diazapyrenes 3 led to the increase of TPA cross sections without the expense of a redshift of the emission wavelength, probably due to the rigid planar structure of chromophores. It is especially noteworthy that 2,3,6,7‐tetra(4‐bromophenyl)‐1,8‐diazapyrene ( 3c ) has a larger TPA cross section than those of other molecules reported so far. These experimental results are explained in terms of the effects of extension of the π‐conjugated system, intramolecular charge transfer, and reduced detuning energy.  相似文献   

8.
A platinum complex with the 6‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridinyl ligand ( 1 ) was synthesized and the crystal structure was determined. UV/Vis absorption, emission, and transient difference absorption of 1 were systematically investigated. DFT calculations were carried out on 1 to characterize the electronic ground state and aid in the understanding of the nature of low‐lying excited electronic states. Complex 1 exhibits intense structured 1π–π* absorption at λabs<440 nm, and a broad, moderate 1M LCT/1LLCT transition at 440–520 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. A structured 3ππ*/3M LCT emission at about 590 nm was observed at room temperature and at 77 K. Complex 1 exhibits both singlet and triplet excited‐state absorption from 450 nm to 750 nm, which are tentatively attributed to the 1π–π* and 3π–π* excited states of the 6‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine ligand, respectively. Z‐scan experiments were conducted by using ns and ps pulses at 532 nm, and ps pulses at a variety of visible and near‐IR wavelengths. The experimental data were fitted by a five‐level model by using the excited‐state parameters obtained from the photophysical study to deduce the effective singlet and triplet excited‐state absorption cross sections in the visible spectral region and the effective two‐photon absorption cross sections in the near‐IR region. Our results demonstrate that 1 possesses large ratios of excited‐state absorption cross sections relative to that of the ground‐state in the visible spectral region; this results in a remarkable degree of reverse saturable absorption from 1 in CH2Cl2 solution illuminated by ns laser pulses at 532 nm. The two‐photon absorption cross sections in the near‐IR region for 1 are among the largest values reported for platinum complexes. Therefore, 1 is an excellent, broadband, nonlinear absorbing material that exhibits strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two‐photon‐assisted excited‐state absorption in the near‐IR region.  相似文献   

9.
Four novel mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(dmb)2L]2+ [dmb = 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, L = imidazo‐[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (IP), 2‐phenylimidazo‐[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (PIP), 2‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)imidazo‐[4,5‐f] [1,10] phenanthroline (HOP), 2‐(4′‐dimethylaminophenyl) imidazo‐[4, 5‐f] [1,10] phenanthroline (DMNP)] were synthesized and characterized by ES‐MS, 1H NMR, UV‐vis and electrochemistry. The nonlinear optical properties of the ruthenium(II) complexes were investigated by Z‐scan techniques with 12 ns laser pulse at 540 nm, and all of them exhibit both nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption and self‐defocusing effect. The corresponding effective NLO susceptibility |x3| of the complexes is in the range of 2.68 × 10?12‐4.57 × 10?12 esu.  相似文献   

10.
本文理论上研究了两个系列的噻吩基卟啉衍生物,这种衍生物在可见光区具有大的双光子吸收截面。用密度泛函理论和ZINDO-SOS方法,计算了分子的几何构型、电子结构,单光子和双光子吸收性质。结果显示噻吩单元的数目影响分子的单光子和双光子吸收性质。具有两个或三个噻吩基团的噻吩基卟啉衍生物在较大范围内具有可用于实际应用中的双光子吸收响应,这一性质有利于这类分子在光限幅中的应用。插入乙炔基有利于扩大共轭范围,增加分子的双光子吸收截面。同时,乙炔基团的加入导致了单光子和双光子波长的红移。从高透明性和相对大的非线性光学响应考虑,噻吩基卟啉衍生物是一类有应用前景的双光子吸收材料。  相似文献   

11.
Three two‐photon absorption (TPA) tribranched chromophores were successfully prepared, in which 1,3,5‐triazine is been as electron deficient core, 1,4‐phenylenedivinylene as conjugated bridge, 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) ( T1 ), N‐methylpyrrole ( T2 ) or triphenylamine ( T3 ) as electron‐donating end‐groups. Their photophysical properties were studied by absorption, one‐ and two‐photon fluorescence and TPA cross‐section determination. The nonlinear transmission (NLT) measurement in femtoseconds (fs) regime at 800 nm indicates that TPA cross‐section (2 values of T1 , T2 and T3 with extended Π‐conjugated bridge are much larger than the corresponding chromophore T4 with a short length bridge, and TPA cross‐section of T1 with end‐groups EDOT exhibits a remarkable enhancement compared with T2 and T3 having the same length Π‐system. The chromophores T1 , T2 and T3 show also remarkable up‐converted luminescence and optical limiting activity.  相似文献   

12.
Fluorene‐based polymer derivatives are promising materials for organic electronic devices because of their photoluminescence and electroluminescence, good film‐forming ability, and favorable chemical and thermal properties. Although optical properties of polyfluorene have already been reported, most of the studies focused on the linear optical properties, whereas nonlinear optical characteristics have only recently received more detailed attention. Here, we report on two polyfluorene derivatives, poly(9,9′‐n‐dihexyl‐2,7‐fluorenediyl) (LaPPS 10) and poly(9,9′‐n‐dihexyl‐2,7‐fluorene‐diyl‐vinylene) (LaPPS 38), which present intense nonlinear absorption and fluorescence. Two‐photon absorption cross‐section properties of both polymers were characterized in the spectral range from 500 nm up to 900 nm, reaching peak values around 2000 Göppert Mayer units. Optical limiting behavior and two‐photon‐induced fluorescence of both polymers have also been investigated. Furthermore, the first molecular hyperpolarizability of the polymers was also studied using hyper‐Rayleigh scattering. In addition, the three‐photon absorption (3PA) spectra of both materials were also investigated, and 3PA cross‐section values in the order of 1 × 10?78 cm6 s2 photon?2 were observed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 747–754  相似文献   

13.
The structures and second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of chlorobenzyl‐o‐carboranes derivatives ( 1 – 12 ) containing different push‐pull groups have been studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our theoretical calculations show that the static first hyperpolarizability (βtot) values gradually increase with increasing the π‐conjugation length and the strength of electron donor group. Especially, compound 12 exhibits the largest βtot (62.404×10?30 esu) by introducing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), which is about 76 times larger than that of compound 1 containing aryl. This means that the appropriate structural modification can substantially increase the first hyperpolarizabilities of the studied compounds. For the sake of understanding the origin of these large NLO responses, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), electron density difference maps (EDDMs), orbital energy and electronic transition energy of the studied compounds are analyzed. According to the two‐state model, the lower transition energy plays an important role in increasing the first hyperpolarizability values. This study may evoke possible ways to design preferable NLO materials.  相似文献   

14.
Three rationally designed polar derivatives of diketopyrrolopyrrole consisting of 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium cationic units and benzene, thiophene, or furan rings as π spacers were synthesized and thoroughly studied. The obtained salts are soluble in polar organic solvents and show satisfactory solubility in water, which makes them suitable for the applications in bioimaging. Photophysical measurements revealed that the obtained derivatives are characterized by strong absorption and good fluorescence quantum yields. The corresponding two‐photon properties were also examined and showed that the synthesized salts exhibit large two‐photon absorption cross‐sections reaching 4000 GM (GM=Goeppert‐Mayer unit, 1 GM=10?50 cm4 s photon?1) and very high two‐photon brightness values exceeding 2000 GM. It was demonstrated that these salts can be safely applied in two‐photon fluorescence microscopy for selective staining of mitochondria in living cells.  相似文献   

15.
To investigate photoelectric properties of meso‐extended porphyrin derivatives with electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing substituents, a series of functionalized porphyrin materials have been designed and synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. The meso‐extended structures were fully characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of porphyrin derivatives were carefully examined by UV‐Visible and fluorescence spectra, and the solvatochromic effect was observed and discussed. In particular, Z‐scan technique was employed to characterize the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the products such as nonlinear absorption and refraction, the third‐order nonlinear refractive indexes (??(3)‐value) of these porphyrin derivatives achieved 3.9×10?12 esu. In addition, the compounds could be self‐assembled into highly organized morphologies through phase‐exchange method. All the results indicated that the discotic materials have the potential for optoelectronic applications.  相似文献   

16.
Three (donor–π–acceptor)+ systems with a methyl pyridinium or quinolinium as the electron‐deficient group, a dimethyl amino as the electron‐donor group, and an ethylene or butadiene group as the spacer have been investigated in a joint spectroscopic and TD‐DFT computational study. A negative solvatochromism has been revealed in the absorption spectra, which implies a solution color change, and interpreted by considering the variation in the permanent dipole moment modulus and orientation upon photoexcitation. The fluorescence efficiency decreases upon increasing solvent polarity, in agreement with the excited‐state optimized geometries (planar in low‐polarity media and twisted in high‐polarity media). Femtosecond transient absorption has revealed the occurrence of a fast photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and the molecular factors that determine an efficient ICT. Considering the crucial role of the ICT in tuning the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, these compounds can be considered promising NLO materials.  相似文献   

17.
Multi‐photon absorption (MPA) is among the most prominent nonlinear optical (NLO) effects and has applications, for example in telecommunications, defense, photonics, and bio‐medicines. Established MPA materials include dyes, quantum dots, organometallics and conjugated polymers, most often dispersed in solution. We demonstrate how metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel NLO solid‐state materials class, can be designed for exceptionally strong MPA behavior. MOFs consisting of zirconium‐ and hafnium‐oxo‐clusters and featuring a chromophore linker based on the tetraphenylethene (TPE) molecule exhibit record high two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐section values, up to 3600 GM. The unique modular building‐block principle of MOFs allows enhancing and optimizing their MPA properties in a theory‐guided approach by combining tailored charge polarization, conformational strain, three‐dimensional arrangement, and alignment of the chromophore linkers in the crystal.  相似文献   

18.
The synthesis, one‐ and two‐photon absorption (TPA) and emission properties of two novel 2,6‐anthracenevinylene‐based copolymers, poly[9,10‐bis(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinylene‐alt‐N‐octyl‐3,6‐carbazolevinyl‐ene] ( P1 ) and poly[9,10‐bis(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinyl‐ene‐alt‐N‐octyl‐2,7‐carbazolevinylene] ( P2 ) were reported. The as‐synthesized polymers have the number‐average molecular weights of 1.56 × 104 for P1 and 1.85 × 104 g mol?1 for P2 and are readily soluble in common organic solvents. They emit strong bluish‐green one‐ and two‐photon excitation fluorescence in dilute toluene solution (? P1 = 0.85, ? P2 = 0.78, λem( P1 ) = 491 nm, λem( P2 ) = 483 nm). The maximal TPA cross‐sections of P1 and P2 measured by the two‐photon‐induced fluorescence method using femtosecond laser pulses in toluene are 840 and 490 GM per repeating unit, respectively, which are obviously larger than that (210 GM) of poly[9,10‐bis‐(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy) phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinylene], indicating that the poly(2,6‐anthracenevinylene) derivatives with large TPA cross‐sections can be obtained by inserting electron‐donating moieties into the polymer backbone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 463–470, 2010  相似文献   

19.
Fusion of two N‐annulated perylene (NP) units with a fused porphyrin dimer along the S0–S1 electronic transition moment axis has resulted in new near‐infrared (NIR) dyes 1 a / 1 b with very intense absorption (ε>1.3×105 M ?1 cm?1) beyond 1250 nm. Both compounds displayed moderate NIR fluorescence with fluorescence quantum yields of 4.4×10?6 and 6.0×10?6 for 1 a and 1 b , respectively. The NP‐substituted porphyrin dimers 2 a / 2 b have also been obtained by controlled oxidative coupling and cyclodehydrogenation, and they showed superimposed absorptions of the fused porphyrin dimer and the NP chromophore. The excited‐state dynamics of all of these compounds have been studied by femtosecond transient absorption measurements, which revealed porphyrin dimer‐like behaviour. These new chromophores also exhibited good nonlinear optical susceptibility with large two‐photon absorption cross‐sections in the NIR region due to extended π‐conjugation. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations have been performed to aid our understanding of their electronic structures and absorption spectra.  相似文献   

20.
The synthesis and characterization of four new tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) derivatives ( 1 – 3 and 2′ ) incorporating 2‐ or 2,7‐fluorenyl and diphenylamino moieties are reported. The electroactivity of 1–3 and 2′ was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), while the linear optical and (third‐order) nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated by electronic spectroscopy and Z‐scan studies, respectively. All experimental investigations were rationalized by DFT computations, providing an insight into the electronic structure of these derivatives and on their application potential. We show that these derivatives are nonluminescent in solution at ambient temperatures, but become fluorescent in solvent glasses. This finding constitutes an unprecedented observation for TCBD derivatives. Also, we show by Z‐scan studies that these derivatives behave as two‐photon absorbers in the near‐IR range (800–1050 nm). These third‐order NLO properties are discussed and compared with those of their alkynyl precursors ( 4 – 6 ), which have been investigated by two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF).  相似文献   

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