锡石墨炉原子化机理研究

本文考察了盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、亚硒酸及硼酸中锡的石墨炉原子吸收特性,对锡在不同基体中的原子化过程进行了初步探讨。发现硼酸是石墨炉法测定锡时的一种较好的化学改进剂;1%的硼酸加入可克服一定含量的硫酸与盐酸的干扰。并利用XRD与XPS对硼酸与锡共存时的石墨表面进行了结构与状态分析。提出了硼酸与锡共存时,锡的原子化历程。     

石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究 III. 铬的原子化机理

本文利用探针原子化技术, 研究了普通管式石墨炉内石墨探针表面上铬化合物的原子化过程。X射线衍射分析(XRD)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、化学分析光电子能谱分析(ESCA)与石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GFAAS)测量的综合结果表明, 铬化合物在灰化阶段即可转化为稳定的碳化物, 最后由碳化物的热分解生成气态铬原子。     

石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究 III. 铬的原子化机理

本文利用探针原子化技术, 研究了普通管式石墨炉内石墨探针表面上铬化合物的原子化过程。X射线衍射分析(XRD)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、化学分析光电子能谱分析(ESCA)与石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GFAAS)测量的综合结果表明, 铬化合物在灰化阶段即可转化为稳定的碳化物, 最后由碳化物的热分解生成气态铬原子。     

石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究——Ⅷ 锡的原子化机理

利用探针原子化技术,研究了在普通石墨管中锡化合物的原子化过程中所发生的化学反应,阐述了锡的原子化机理。结果表明,锡试样首先转化成为氧化物,氧化物发生石墨碳还原而生成气态原子。     

石墨炉内石墨探针表面原子化机理的研究：Ⅳ.硝酸铕的原子化机理

用Ｘ－射线衍射分析与Ｘ－射线光电子能谱分析研究了硝酸铕在石墨炉内石墨探针表面原子化机理。研究结果表明，在硝酸铕的原子化过程中，Ｅｕ（ＮＯ３）３先转化Ｅｕ２Ｏ３，生成的Ｅｕ２Ｏ３经一系列的晶型转变之后，热分解为ＥｕＯ（ｓ），后者以ＥｕＯ（ｇ）形式蒸发进入气相。硝酸铕的原子化起源于ＥｕＯ（ｇ）的热分解。在１６６０Ｋ和１９２０Ｋ时有铕的碳化物ＥｕＣ２生成。     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究 ⅩⅢ.钼的原子化机理

本文应用x-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、扫描电子显微技术(SEM)研究了钼酸铵在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理。实验结果表明,在温度<1350K时,钼酸铵经历MoO_3和Mo_4O_(11)中间产物转变为MoO_2(s)。在更高温度下,MoO_2(s)首先还原为Mo_2C,而后进一步转变为MoC(s)。MoC再分解为Mo(s)。钼的原子化起源于Mo的升华。     

石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究(Ⅴ)——锰的原子化机理

在石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GFAAS)法中,反应前后的化合物形态可以借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)及化学分析光电子能谱(ESCA)等现代分析仪器来鉴定,本文综合利用上述分析方法,对锰化合物在石墨探针表面上于不同温度下的化学形态进行鉴定,结合元素的灰化和原子化曲线,详细地研究和阐述了锰的原子化机理。     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究：Ⅶ.锗的原子化机理

本文应用Ｘ－射线衍射，Ｘ－射线光电子能谱，俄歇电子能谱和其它一些实验，考察石墨炉升温过程中氟化锗，锗酸钠在石墨探针表面上的形态变化，阐明了它们的原子化机理：ＧｅＦ２与Ｎａ２ＧｅＯ３首先分解为ＧｅＯ２，ＧｅＯ２还原为ＧｅＯ，后者在＞２４００Ｋ热分解产生自由态的锗原子，ＧｅＦ２和Ｎａ２ＧｅＯ３的原子化均源于ＧｅＯ（ｇ）的气相分解。原子化的升温过程中，在１４００－２４００Ｋ ＧｅＦ２和Ｎａ２ＧｅＯ３都产     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究(X)——硝酸锶的原子化机理

用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、俄歇电子能谱和扫描电子显微术等考察了石墨炉升温过程中Sr(NO₃)₂在石墨探针表面上的形态变化,阐明了它的原子化机理.加热过程中Sr(NO₃)₂首先分解为SrO(s),再还原为SrC₂,后者进一步分解为Sr(s).锶的原子化源于金属蒸发.     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究(ⅩⅣ)─钐的原子化机理

综合运用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱与俄歇电子能谱等表面分析手段研究了石墨炉中石墨探针表面钐样品的原子化过程。发现在石墨炉升温过程中,钐样品先转化为Sm₂O₃,再由Sm₂O₃热分解为SmO,原子化起源于SmO的热分解;在Sm₂O₃与探针接触的表面有碳化物生成,碳化物是造成记忆效应的重要原因。     

Preconcentration of Nickel and Cobalt Prior to Their Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using the Water-Soluble Polymer Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidinone)

The use of a water-soluble polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidinone) (PVP), for the preconcentration and separation of nickel and cobalt prior to their determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is described. For this purpose, the sample and the water-soluble polymer solutions were mixed, and the metal-bound polymer was precipitated by pouring the mixture into acetone. The precipitate was separated by decantation and dissolved with distilled-deionized water. The analyte elements were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The validity of the method was tested with spiked sea water and mineral water samples. The analytes added to the samples were quantitatively recovered within the range of 95% confidence limits. The proposed technique is fast, simple, precise and inexpensive. Its low blank values and high precision are other important advantages.     

The Elimination of Chloride and Sulfate Interference on Germanium in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The advantage of determination of trace germanium (Ge) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is that only a few microliter of sample is used. But the matrix interference,especially chloride ion and sulfate ion are very serious.     

关于影响镧、钐与铕测定灵敏度原因的探讨

实验证明，在石墨表面上原子化时，镧、钐或铕与炽热的石墨反应生成难解离的碳化物是导致镧、钐和铕测定灵敏度低与严重记忆效应的原因。用钽探针原子化测定钐样品时，钐物种与钽氧化物之间发生反应，生成复合物SmTaO4、镶嵌于钽探针表面的裂痕内，阻碍了钐原子化，导致测定钐的灵敏度下降。     

Temporal Variations in Gas Temperature in an Atomization Stage of Cadmium and Tellurium Evaluated by Using the Two-line Method in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

In order to discuss the atomization process of an analyte element occurring in a graphite furnace for atomic absorption spectrometry, we measured variations in the characteristic temperature with the progress of an atomization stage, by using a two-line method under the assumption of a Boltzmann distribution. For this purpose, iron was chosen as the analyte element. Also, the atomic absorption of two iron atomic lines, Fe I 372.0 nm and Fe I 373.7 nm, was simultaneously monitored as a probe for the temperature determination. This method enables variations in the gas temperature to be directly traced, yielding a temperature distribution closely related to the diffusion behavior of the probe element in the furnace. This temperature variation was very different from the furnace wall temperatures, which were monitored in conventional temperature control for atomic absorption spectrometry. Correlations between the gas temperature and the charring/atomizing temperatures in the heating program of the furnace were investigated. The atomization of cadmium and tellurium was also investigated by a comparison between the gas temperature with the wall temperature of the furnace. The atomic absorption of cadmium or tellurium appeared to be apart from the absorption of iron while the gas temperature was still low. Therefore, the analyte atoms could be atomized through direct contact with the wall of the graphite furnace, which has a much higher temperature compared to the gas atmosphere during atomization. Their atomization would be caused by conductive heating from the furnace wall rather than by radiant heating in the furnace.     

石墨炉原子吸收分析中锰的原子化过程探讨

本文采用计算机联机技术,测定并计算了锰原子吸收的时间分辨信号,得出在信号的初始几百毫秒为一级反应动力学过程,在升温速率较小的近恒温条件下为零级反应动力学过程。借助探针技术对石墨表面进行X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,表明锰在石墨炉中的原子化经过锰的高价氧化态到低价氧化态,最后氧化锰气相分解生成锰原子。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定碘化铯晶体中铊

采用平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了碘化铯晶体中铊。研究了碘化铯对钯－硝酸镁基本改进剂中铊吸光度影响,用预混合钯－硝酸镁和样品溶液,由于在碘化物溶液中易析出金属钯而使测定结果降低。用样品溶液和基体改进剂分别加入到石墨炉中的标准加入法可得到满意的结果。