碱性条件下顺(2-乙酰胺基-1-溴-2-(对-甲氧基苯基)乙基)膦酸二乙酯的1,2消除反应

碱性条件下顺(2-乙酰胺基-1-溴-2-(对-甲氧基苯基)乙基)膦酸二乙酯的1;2消除反应;消除反应; 胺基溴化反应; 膦酸酯; 二维核磁共振谱     

新型2'-溴-2-羟基联苯类化合物的合成

以Pd(PPh3)4为催化剂,Na2CO3为碱,反应温度为90℃,在甲苯/乙醇/水混合溶剂中实现了邻二溴苯类化合物与邻羟基苯硼酸类化合物的Suzuki偶联反应,合成了9个2'-溴-2-羟基联苯类化合物(3a~3i),其中3b~3i为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和ESI-MS表征。     

螺[1-溴-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3．1．0]己烷-2，2′-（3一{α[二（乙氧基）膦酸酯基】苄氧基）-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-1-氧代环戊烷）]的合成、结构及抗肿瘤活性的研究

α-羟基取代膦酸酯和5-甲氧基-3-溴-2（5H）-呋喃酮通过不对称串联反应,得到螺环-膦酸酯类化合物的非对映异构体5和6．目标分子5和6经IR,^1H NMR,^13C NMR,MS,元素分析进行了结构表征,其中非对映异构体5c和6c的立体化学结构通过X射线晶体分析得到了确认．此研究结果为某些复杂的有机磷化合物提供了新的合成策略．     

5-溴-2-羟基苯甲醇的不对称羟基保护

采用分步法对5-溴-2-羟基苯甲醇中的不对称羟基进行了选择性保护.以2,3-二氢吡喃和氯甲醚为保护基,经两步反应得5-溴-2-甲醚氧基苯甲-2-(四氢吡喃)醚,其结构经1H NMR, IR和MS表征.     

螺[1-溴-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,2¢-(3-{α-[二(乙氧基)膦酸酯基]苄氧基}-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-1-氧代环戊烷)]的合成、 结构及抗肿瘤活性的研究

α-羟基取代膦酸酯和5-甲氧基-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮通过不对称串联反应, 得到螺环-膦酸酯类化合物的非对映异构体5和6. 目标分子5和6经IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, 元素分析进行了结构表征, 其中非对映异构体5c和6c的立体化学结构通过X射线晶体分析得到了确认. 此研究结果为某些复杂的有机磷化合物提供了新的合成策略.     

螺[1-溴-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3.1.0]己烷-2,2'-(3-{α-[二(乙氧基)膦酸酯基]苄氧基}-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-1-氧代环戊烷)]的合成、结构及抗肿瘤活性的研究

α-羟基取代膦酸酯和5-甲氧基-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮通过不对称串联反应,得到螺环-膦酸酯类化合物的非对映异构体5和6.目标分子5和 6经IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS,元素分析进行了结构表征,其中非对映异构体5c和6c的市体化学结构通过X射线晶体分析得到了确认.此研究结果为某些复杂的有机磷化合物提供了新的合成策略.     

光学活性α-羟基磷酸酯的合成

扼要综述了近年来关于光学活性α一羟基膦酸酯的新合成方法,介绍了有关的手性试剂和不对称反应。关键词##4光学活性;;α-羟基膦酸酯;;不对称合成     

铟参与的4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯与a-烷氧基醛亚胺的烯丙化反应:4,4,4-三氟-y-羟基缬氨酸的合成

铟参与的4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯与a-烷氧基醛亚胺的烯丙化反应以中等的产率和高非对映选择性生成了高烯丙基胺3.从甘油醛亚胺和4-溴-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁烯反应制备的高烯丙基胺3g出发,以7步反应24%的总产率合成了4,4,4-三氟-y-羟基缬氨酸11.     

O-甲基-α-羟基烃基膦酸酯单金属盐的合成

以KF-Al2O3为催化剂,通过亚膦酸二甲酯与各种酮加成反应,生成一系列α-羟基烃基膦酸酯,它们再与不同的碱金属盐作用合成了12个未见文献报道的O-甲基-α-羟基烃基膦酸酯单金属盐。通过^1H NMR,IR和元素分析确证了它们的结构。     

3-羟基十四酸的合成

以环氧氯丙烷为起始原料,经5步反应合成了3-羟基十四酸,总收率52.48%。以氯癸烷替代溴癸烷做格氏反应,有效地降低了偶联副产物的生成;从中间产物1-氯-2-羟基十三烷直接上氰基,避免了环化后上氰基时生成氢氰酸的危险。     

Accessing C-1 phosphonylated 2-acylamino uronic acids via 2-nitro-glycals

Two approaches are described for the synthesis of 2-acylamino uronic acid glycosyl phosphonates from readily accessible D-glucal. The first approach that entailed oxidation of the C-6 hydroxyl group followed by phosphonylation of the uronate 2-nitro-glycal, resulted in the formation of the β-L-gulo-configured phosphonate. Reversing the reaction order resulted in the exclusive formation of the β-D-gluco-configured phosphonate. In both cases the thermodynamic 1,2-trans-di-equatorial phosphonylation product is obtained.     

Effects of a hydroxyl substituent on the reactivity of the 2,4,6-tridehydropyridinium cation, an aromatic σ,σ,σ-triradical

The reactivity of 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-tridehydropyridinium cation was found to be drastically different from the reactivity of 2,4,6-tridehydropyridinium cation. While the latter triradical reacts with tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl disulfide and ally iodide via three consecutive atom or group abstractions, the former triradical exhibits this behavior only with tetrahydrofuran. Only a single atom or group abstraction was observed for the 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-tridehydropyridinium cation upon interaction with dimethyl disulfide and allyl iodide. This change in reactivity is caused by the hydroxyl group that strengthens the interactions between the two radical sites adjacent to it, thus reducing their reactivity. This explanation is supported by the observation of similar behavior for related biradicals.     

Ruthenium-catalyzed homo Diels-Alder [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions of alkynyl phosphonates with bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene

Ruthenium-catalyzed homo Diels-Alder [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions between alkynyl phosphonates and bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene were studied. The observed reactivity was found to be dependent on the presence of the phosphonate moiety. The Ru-catalyzed cycloaddition was compatible with a variety of aromatic and aliphatic substituted alkynyl phosphonates, providing the corresponding phosphonate substituted deltacyclenes in low to good yields (up to 88%).     

醇(酚)羟基的硅烷化保护与去保护研究进展

醇(酚)羟基的硅烷化保护是一类重要的有机合成手段,目的在于使羟基稳定化,消除或减轻其引起的副反应。保护基中硅原子连接的基团空间位阻越小,该保护基的反应活性越大,生成的相应硅醚的稳定性则越差,在弱酸或弱碱的条件下即可脱除;硅原子连接的基团越大,该保护基的反应活性则越小,硅醚化反应越难发生,需要借助催化剂才能进行。本文尽可能全面地论述了有机硅烷保护基的类型,如三甲基硅烷、三乙基硅烷、叔丁基二甲基硅烷、三异丙基硅烷、苯基取代硅烷和桥型硅烷等,并讨论了其在不同环境下的活性及稳定性。     

Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for studying the molecular structure of corrosion inhibitor — Zinc complex of 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid

The molecular structure of zinc complex of 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The obtained data were compared with IR absorption spectrum of the same substance to acquire new information on the molecular structure. It was shown that coordination of the phosphonate group by zinc atom retains the localization of P-O π bond, the phosphonate group does not have a third-order axis of symmetry, and Zn atom can occupy positions with different coordination. Thermal destruction of the complex is accompanied by decomposition of hetero-organic ligand with detachment of the hydrocarbon fragment along C-P bonds and formation of inorganic zinc salts.     

Synthesis and X-ray Powder Structures of Two Lamellar Copper Arylenebis(phosphonates)

Reaction of copper salts with 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonic acid) yielded a conventional layered compound, Cu(2)[(O(3)PC(6)H(4)PO(3))(H(2)O)(2)], while a similar reaction with 4,4'-biphenylenebis(phosphonic acid) resulted in a new lamellar structure with composition Cu[HO(3)P(C(6)H(4))(2)PO(3)H]. The structures of these compounds were solved ab initio by using X-ray powder diffraction data. The crystals of the phenylenebis(phosphonate) compound are monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 18.8892(4) ?, b = 7.6222(2) ?, c = 7.4641(2) ?, beta = 90.402(2) degrees, and Z = 4. The layer structure in this case is similar to that in copper phenylphosphonate, Cu[O(3)PC(6)H(5)]. The metal atoms display a distorted square pyramidal geometry where four of the coordination sites are occupied by the phosphonate oxygens. The remaining site is filled by an oxygen atom of the water molecule. Adjacent metal-O(3)PC layers are covalently pillared by the phenyl group of the phosphonates to create a 3-dimensional structure. Cu[HO(3)P(C(6)H(4))(2)PO(3)H] is triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 4.856(2) ?, b = 14.225(5) ?, c = 4.788(2) ?, alpha = 97.85(1) degrees, beta = 110.14(1) degrees, gamma = 89.38(1) degrees, and Z = 1. The structure in this case, ideally consists of linear chains of copper atoms. The copper atoms are bridged by centrosymmetrically related phosphonate groups utilizing two of their oxygen atoms. This binding mode leads to square planar geometry for the copper atoms. The third oxygen atom of the phosphonate is protonated and is involved in linking adjacent linear chains through hydrogen bonds. At the same time, these hydroxyl oxygens interact weakly (Cu-O = 3.14 ?) with the copper atoms of the adjacent chain. Considering these long Cu-O interactions, the geometry of the copper atom may be described as distorted square bipyramidal. As in the phenylphosphonate structure, the biphenyl groups covalently link the Cu-O(3)PC networks in the perpendicular direction.     

分子形貌所指示的羟基卡宾及其衍生物的质子转移反应

分子形貌(Molecular face, MF)定义分子的内禀电子转折边界面, 同时在其上计算并描绘出前沿电子密度(MFED). MF不仅能显示分子的形状和大小, 还能够指示分子的化学反应性. 应用M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p)理论方法, 对单线态和三线态羟基卡宾分子及其衍生物的质子化反应进行研究并计算了这些反应的活化能. 结果表明, 吸电性和供电性较强的取代基,均使单线态反应活化能增大,只有吸电性较强的─CN才能使三线态反应活化能增大. 应用分子形貌理论研究了上述反应, 不仅展示出分子的形貌变化、 与反应位点的关联, 以及有关物理量的变化倾向, 而且还定量地显示出, 单线态羟基卡宾及其衍生物分子边界面上前沿电子密度极大值与极小值的差值, 与其质子转移反应的活化能之间存在线性相关.     

Direct comparison of solution and gas-phase reactions of the three distonic isomers of the pyridine radical cation with methanol

To directly compare the reactivity of positively charged carbon-centered aromatic σ-radicals toward methanol in solution and in the gas phase, the 2-, 3-, and 4-dehydropyridinium cations (distonic isomers of the pyridine radical cation) were generated by ultraviolet photolysis of the corresponding iodo precursors in a mixture of water and methanol at varying pH. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Hydrogen atom abstraction was the only reaction observed for the 3- and 4-dehydropyridinium cations (and pyridines) in solution. This also was the major reaction observed earlier in the gas phase. Depending on the pH, the hydrogen atom can be abstracted from different molecules (i.e., methanol or water) and from different sites (in methanol) by the 3- and 4-dehydropyridinium cations/pyridines in solution. In the pH range 1-4, the methyl group of methanol is the main hydrogen atom donor site for both 3- and 4-dehydropyridinium cations (just like in the gas phase). At higher pH, the hydroxyl groups of water and methanol also act as hydrogen atom donors. This finding is rationalized by a greater abundance of the unprotonated radicals that preferentially abstract hydrogen atoms from the polar hydroxyl groups. The percentage yield of hydrogen atom abstraction by these radicals was found to increase with lowering the pH in the pH range 1.0-3.2. This pH effect is rationalized by polar effects: the lower the pH, the greater the fraction of protonated (more polar) radicals in the solution. This finding is consistent with previous results obtained in the gas phase and suggests that gas-phase studies can be used to predict solution reactivity, but only as long as the same reactive species is studied in both experiments. This was found not to be the case for the 2-iodopyridinium cation. Photolysis of this precursor in solution resulted in the formation of two major addition products, 2-hydroxy- and 2-methoxypyridinium cations, in addition to the hydrogen atom abstraction product. These addition products were not observed in the earlier gas-phase studies on 2-dehydropyridinium cation. Their observation in solution is explained by the formation of another reactive intermediate, the 2-pyridylcation, upon photolysis of 2-iodopyridinium cation (and 2-iodopyridine). The same intermediate was observed in the gas phase but it was removed before examining the reactions of the desired radical, 2-dehydropyridinium cation (which cannot be done in solution).     

Neighboring group participation of phosphine oxide functionality in the highly regio- and stereoselective iodohydroxylation of 1,2-allenylic diphenyl phosphine oxides

Two sets of reaction conditions were established to enable the highly regio- and stereoselective iodohydroxylation of 1,2-allenylic diphenyl phosphine oxides, yielding (E)-2-iodo-3-hydroxy-1-alkenyl diphenyl phosphine oxides with very high stereoselectivity. The scope of this reaction was examined extensively. Notably, studies on the reactivity of optically active substrates indicated that the axial chirality in the starting allenes may be efficiently transferred to the center chirality of the products with no discernible loss of enantiopurity. Due to the importance of phosphine-containing compounds, both as reagents and ligands, this reaction shows potentials in organic synthesis. Investigations using ESI-MS technology on the (18)O-labeled product, which was prepared using (18)O-water as the solvent, indicated that the (18)O atom was bound to phosphorus in the final product and the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl comes from the phosphinyl functionality of the allene reactant. These results provided solid evidence for the formation of a five-membered cyclic intermediate from the neighboring group participation of the diphenylphosphinyl group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the neighboring group participation of this type of group was observed.     

Triisopropoxysilyl-functionalized oxide nanoparticles using a di-tert-butyl phosphonate ester as the surface grafting agent

The synthesis of a bifunctional coupling reagent possessing a triisopropoxysilyl group and a tert-butyl phosphonate ester is described. The tert-butyl phosphonate ester was used as an efficient and selective grafting reagent for the anchoring of the triisopropoxysilyl group at the surface of TiO₂ and SnO₂ nanoparticles under mild conditions. The triisopropoxysilyl group remained intact and did not react at the surface of the oxide nanoparticles. The reactivity of the triisopropoxysilyl group was then further investigated.