Measurements of CP-violating asymmetries and branching fractions in B meson decays to eta'K

We present measurements of the branching fractions of the decays B+-->eta'K+ and B0-->eta'K0. For B0-->eta(')K(0)(S) we also measure the time-dependent CP-violation parameters S eta'(K(0)(S)) and C eta'(K(0)(S)), and for B+-->eta'K+ the time-integrated charge asymmetry A(ch). The data sample corresponds to 88.9 x 10(6) BB pairs produced by e(+)e(-) annihilation at the Upsilon(4S). The results are B(B+-->eta'K+)=(76.9+/-3.5+/-4.4) x 10(-6), B(B0-->eta'K0)=(60.6+/-5.6+/-4.6) x 10(-6), S eta'(K(0)(S))=0.02+/-0.34+/-0.03, C eta'(K(0)(S))=0.10+/-0.22+/-0.04, and A(ch)=0.037+/-0.045+/-0.011.     

Limited path percolation in complex networks

We study the stability of network communication after removal of a fraction q=1-p of links under the assumption that communication is effective only if the shortest path between nodes i and j after removal is shorter than al(ij)(a> or =1) where l(ij) is the shortest path before removal. For a large class of networks, we find analytically and numerically a new percolation transition at p(c)=(kappa(0)-1)((1-a)/a), where kappa(0) [triple bond] / and k is the node degree. Above p(c), order N nodes can communicate within the limited path length al(ij), while below p(c), N(delta) (delta<1) nodes can communicate. We expect our results to influence network design, routing algorithms, and immunization strategies, where short paths are most relevant.     

An investigation of the structure and bond rotational potential of some fluorinated ethanes by NMR spectroscopy of solutions in nematic liquid crystalline solvents

NMR spectra of 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane and 1-bromo-2-iodo-tetrafluoroethane dissolved in nematic liquid crystalline solvents have been analysed to yield the magnitudes and signs of the scalar couplings, J(ij), and total anisotropic couplings, T(ij), between all the (1)H, (19)F, and (13)C nuclei, except for those between two (13)C nuclei. The values obtained for T(ij) in principle contain a contribution from J(ij)(aniso), the component along the static applied magnetic field of the anisotropic part of the electron-mediated spin-spin coupling. Neglecting this contribution allows partially averaged dipolar couplings, D(ij), to be extracted from the T(ij), and these were used to determine the structure, orientational order, and the conformational distribution generated by rotation about the C-C bond. The values obtained are compared with the results of calculations by ab initio and density functional methods. The differences found are no greater than those obtained for similar compounds which do not contain fluorine, so that there is no definitive evidence for significant contributions from J(CF)(aniso) or J(FF)(aniso) in the two compounds studied.     

Observation of B Meson decays to b1pi and b1K

We present the results of searches for decays of B mesons to final states with a b1 meson and a charged pion or kaon. The data, collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, represent 382x10(6) BB[over ] pairs produced in e+e- annihilation. The results for the branching fractions are, in units of 10(-6), B(B+-->b1(0)pi+)=6.7+/-1.7+/-1.0, B(B+-->b1(0)K+)=9.1+/-1.7+/-1.0, B(B0-->b1(-/+)pi(+/-))=10.9+/-1.2+/-0.9, and B(B0-->b1(-)K+)=7.4+/-1.0+/-1.0, with the assumption that B(b1-->omega pi)=1. We also measure charge and flavor asymmetries A(ch)(B+-->b1(0)pi+)=0.05+/-0.16+/-0.02, Ach(B+-->b1(0)K+)=-0.46+/-0.20+/-0.02, A(ch)(B0-->b1(-/+)pi(+/-))=-0.05+/-0.10+/-0.02, C(B0-->b1(-/+)pi(+/-))=-0.22+/-0.23+/-0.05, DeltaC(B0-->b1(-/+)pi(+/-))=-1.04+/-0.23+/-0.08, and A(ch)(B0-->b1(-)K+)=-0.07+/-0.12+/-0.02. The first error quoted is statistical, and the second systematic.     

Branching fractions and CP asymmetries in B0-->K+ K- K0 S and B+-->K+ K0 S K0 S

We measure the branching fractions and CP asymmetries in the decays B0-->K(+)K(-)K(0)(S) and B+-->K(+)K(0)(S)K(0)(S) using a sample of approximately 122x10(6) BB pairs collected by the BABAR detector. From a time-dependent analysis of the K(+)K(-)K(0)(S) sample that excludes phiK(0)(S), the values of the CP-violation parameters are S=-0.56+/-0.25+/-0.04 and C=-0.10+/-0.19+/-0.10, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We confirm that the final state is nearly purely CP even and extract the standard model parameter sin(2beta=0.57+/-0.26+/-0.04(+0.17)(-0) where the last error is due to uncertainty on the CP content. We present the first measurement of the CP-violating charge asymmetry A(CP)(B+-->K(+)K(0)(S)K(0)(S))=-0.04+/-0.11+/-0.02. The branching fractions are B(B0-->K+K-K0)=(23.8+/-2.0+/-1.6)x10(-6) and B(B+-->K(+)K(0)(S)K(0)(S))=(10.7+/-1.2+/-1.0)x10(-6).     

Structural investigations on an amorphous Se90Te10 alloy produced by mechanical alloying using EXAFS, cumulant expansion and RMC simulations

We investigated an amorphous Se(90)Te(10) alloy produced by mechanical alloying using two different approaches. First, we used extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and the cumulant expansion method using the Einstein model for the temperature dependence of the cumulants to obtain the cumulants C(*)(1), C(*)(2), and C(*)(3). From these, we found information about the structure of the alloy as well as the thermal and structural disorder, anharmonicity of the effective interatomic pair potentials, thermal expansion of the Se-Se and Se-Te bonds and asymmetry of the partial distribution functions g(Se-Se)(r) and g(Se-Te)(r). The cumulants C(*)(1), C(*)(2), and C(*)(3) also allowed us to reconstruct the g(EXAFS)(ij)(r,T) functions from EXAFS. Then, we made reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations using the total structure factor S(K) obtained from synchrotron x-ray diffraction and the EXAFS oscillations χ(k) on the Se K edge as input data to obtain the g(RMC)(ij)(r) functions. Both methods furnished very similar g(ij)(r) functions, and the structural data obtained from them were also very similar. The results obtained from both methods showed the presence of Se-Te pairs indicating that there is alloying at the atomic level. In addition, we could not find any evidence of the presence of Te clusters in the alloy.     

Strong coupling constant from the photon structure function

We extract the value of the strong coupling constant alpha(s) from a single-parameter pointlike fit to the photon structure function F(gamma)(2) at large x and Q(2) and from a first five-parameter full (pointlike and hadronic) fit to the complete F(gamma)(2)data set taken at PETRA, TRISTAN, and LEP. In next-to-leading order and the MS renormalization and factorization schemes, we obtain alpha(s)(m(Z))=0.1183+/-0.0050(expt)(+0.0029)(-0.0028)(theor) (pointlike) and alpha(s)(m(Z))=0.1198+/-0.0028(expt)(+0.0034)(-0.0046)(theor) (pointlike and hadronic). We demonstrate that the data taken at LEP have reduced the experimental error by about a factor of 2, so that a competitive determination of alpha(s) from F(gamma)(2) is now possible.     

Measurement of the branching fraction and CP asymmetry in B+ --> rho+pi0

We report a measurement of the branching fraction for the decay B+ --> rho(+) pi(0) based on a 140 fb(-1) data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. We measure the branching fraction B(B(+) --> rho(+)pi(0)) = (13.2 +/- 2.3(stat)(+1.4)(-1.9)(syst)) x 10(-6), and the CP-violating asymmetry A(CP)(B-/+ -->rho(-/+)pi(0))=0.06 +/- 0.17(stat)(+0.04)(-0.05)(syst).     

Branching fractions and CP asymmetries in B0-->pi0pi0, B+-->pi+pi0, and B+-->K+pi0 decays and isospin analysis of the B-->pipi system

Based on a sample of 227 x 10(6) BB pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC, we measure the branching fraction B(B0-->pi(0)pi(0))=(1.17+/-0.32+/-0.10)x10(-6), and the asymmetry Cpi(0)(pi(0))=-0.12+/-0.56+/-0.06. The B0-->pi(0)pi(0) signal has a significance of 5.0 sigma. We also measure B(B+-->pi(+)pi(0))=(5.8+/-0.6+/-0.4)x10(-6), B(B+-->K+pi(0))=(12.0+/-0.7+/-0.6)x10(-6), and the charge asymmetries Api(+)(pi(0))=-0.01+/-0.10+/-0.02 and AK+(pi(0))=0.06+/-0.06+/-0.01. Using isospin relations, we find an upper bound on the angle difference |alpha-alpha(eff)| of 35 degrees at the 90% C.L.     

Observation of the decay B+/--->pi+/-pi0, study of B+/--->K+/-pi0, and search for B0-->pi0pi0

We present results for the branching fractions and charge asymmetries in B+/--->h(+/-)pi(0) (where h(+/-)=pi(+/-),K+/-) and a search for the decay B0-->pi(0)pi(0) using a sample of approximately 88 x 10(6) BBmacr; pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We measure B(B+/--->pi(+/-)pi(0))=(5.5(+1.0)(-0.9)+/-0.6)x10(-6), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The B+/--->pi(+/-)pi(0) signal has a significance of 7.7sigma including systematic uncertainties. We simultaneously measure the K+/-pi(0) branching fraction to be B(B+/--->K+/-pi(0))=(12.8(+1.2)(-1.1)+/-1.0)x10(-6). The charge asymmetries are Api(+/-)(pi(0))=-0.03(+0.18)(-0.17)+/-0.02 and AK+/-(pi(0))=-0.09+/-0.09+/-0.01. We place a 90% confidence-level upper limit on the branching fraction B(B0-->pi(0)pi(0)) of 3.6 x 10(-6).     

Measurements of CP-violating asymmetries in B0-->K(0)(s)pi(0) decays

We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating (CPV) asymmetries in B0-->K(0)(S)pi(0) decays based on 124x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-->BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. In a sample containing 122+/-16 signal decays, we obtain the magnitudes of the direct CPV asymmetry CK(0)(S)(pi(0))=0.40(+0.27)(-0.28)+/-0.09 and of the CPV asymmetry in the interference between mixing and decay SK(0)(S)(pi(0))=0.48(+0.38)(-0.47)+/-0.06 where the first error is statistical and the second systematic.     

Exact universal amplitude ratios for two-dimensional Ising models and a quantum spin chain

Let f(N) and xi(-1)(N) represent, respectively, the free energy per spin and the inverse spin-spin correlation length of the critical Ising model on a N x infinity lattice, with f(N)-->f(infinity) as N-->infinity. We obtain analytic expressions for a(k) and b(k) in the expansions N( f(N)-f(infinity)) = SUM (k = 1)(infinity)a(k)/N(2k-1) and xi(-1)(N) = SUM (k = 1)(infinity)b(k)/N(2k-1) for square, honeycomb, and plane-triangular lattices, and find that b(k)/a(k) = (2(2k)-1)/(2(2k-1)-1) for all of these lattices, i.e., the amplitude ratio b(k)/a(k) is universal. We also obtain similar results for a critical quantum spin chain and find that such results could be understood from a perturbated conformal field theory.     

Elastic constants from microscopic strain fluctuations

Fluctuations of the instantaneous local Lagrangian strain epsilon(ij)(r,t), measured with respect to a static "reference" lattice, are used to obtain accurate estimates of the elastic constants of model solids from atomistic computer simulations. The measured strains are systematically coarse-grained by averaging them within subsystems (of size L(b)) of a system (of total size L) in the canonical ensemble. Using a simple finite size scaling theory we predict the behavior of the fluctuations as a function of L(b)/L and extract elastic constants of the system in the thermodynamic limit at nonzero temperature. Our method is simple to implement, efficient, and general enough to be able to handle a wide class of model systems, including those with singular potentials without any essential modification. We illustrate the technique by computing isothermal elastic constants of "hard" and "soft" disk triangular solids in two dimensions from Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. We compare our results with those from earlier simulations and theory.     

Glassy spin dynamics in non-fermi-liquid UCu5-xPdx, x = 1.0 and 1.5

Local f-electron spin dynamics in the non-Fermi-liquid heavy-fermion alloys UCu5-xPdx, x = 1.0 and 1.5, have been studied using muon spin-lattice relaxation. The sample-averaged asymmetry function G(t) indicates strongly inhomogeneous spin fluctuations and exhibits the scaling G(t,H) = G(t/H(gamma)) expected from glassy dynamics. At 0.05 K gamma(x = 1.0) = 0.35+/-0.1, but gamma(x = 1.5) = 0.7+/-0.1. This is in contrast to inelastic neutron scattering results, which yield gamma = 0.33 for both concentrations. There is no sign of static magnetism approximately greater than 10(-3)(B)/U ion in either material above 0.05 K. Our results strongly suggest that both alloys are quantum spin glasses.     

Novel optical and magnetic bistability and photoinduced transition in a one-dimensional halogen-bridged binuclear pt complex

In iodine-bridged binuclear Pt compounds, R(4)[Pt(2)(pop)(4)I]nH(2)O and R(')(2)[Pt(2)(pop)(4)I]nH(2)O (pop=P(2)O5H2-2), electronic structures on the PtPtI chains have been controlled between a diamagnetic charge-density-wave (CDW) state and a paramagnetic charge-polarization (CP) state by modification of the counterions (R, R') located between chains. In the R=(C2H5)2NH+2 compound, a pressure-induced CP to CDW transition with a drastic color change is identified. This transition is accompanied by a large hysteresis loop within which photoinduced transition between CDW and CP can be driven by selecting the excitation photon energy.     

Study of time-dependent CP asymmetry in neutral B decays to J/psi pi0

We present the first study of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in B0-->J/psi pi(0) decays using e(+)e(-) annihilation data collected with the BABAR detector at the Upsilon(4S) resonance during the years 1999-2002 at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. Using approximately 88 x 10(6) BB; pairs, our results for the coefficients of the cosine and sine terms of the CP asymmetry are C(J/psi pi(0))=0.38+/-0.41(stat)+/-0.09(syst) and S(J/psi pi(0))=0.05+/-0.49(stat)+/-0.16(syst).     

Evidence for direct CP violation in B0-->K+pi- decays

We report evidence for direct CP violation in the decay B0-->K+pi(-) with 253 fb(-1) of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider. Using 275x10(6) BB pairs we observe a B-->K+/-pi(-/+) signal with 2140+/-53 events. The measured CP violating asymmetry is A(CP)(K+pi(-))=-0.101+/-0.025(stat)+/-0.005(syst), corresponding to a significance of 3.9sigma including systematics. We also search for CP violation in the decays B+-->K+pi(0) and B+-->pi(+)pi(0). The measured CP violating asymmetries are A(CP)(K+pi(0))=0.04+/-0.05(stat)+/-0.02(syst) and A(CP)(pi(+)pi(0))=-0.02+/-0.10(stat)+/-0.01(syst), corresponding to the intervals -0.05相似文献   

Measurement of the negative muon anomalous magnetic moment to 0.7 ppm

The anomalous magnetic moment of the negative muon has been measured to a precision of 0.7 ppm (ppm) at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. This result is based on data collected in 2001, and is over an order of magnitude more precise than the previous measurement for the negative muon. The result a(mu(-))=11 659 214(8)(3) x 10(-10) (0.7 ppm), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is consistent with previous measurements of the anomaly for the positive and the negative muon. The average of the measurements of the muon anomaly is a(mu)(exp)=11 659 208(6) x 10(-10) (0.5 ppm).     

Dynamics of fluctuations below a stationary bifurcation to electroconvection in the planar nematic liquid crystal N4

We fitted C(k,tau,epsilon) proportional to exp([-sigma(k,epsilon)tau] to time-correlation functions C(k,tau,epsilon) of structure factors S(k,t,epsilon) of shadowgraph images of fluctuations below a supercritical bifurcation at V(0)=V(c) to electroconvection of a planar nematic liquid crystal in the presence of a voltage V=sqrt[2]V(0)cos((2pift) [k=(p,q) is the wave vector and epsilon identical with V(2)(0)/V(2)(c)-1]. There were stationary oblique (normal) rolls at small (large) f. Fits of a modified Swift-Hohenberg form to sigma(k,epsilon) gave f-dependent critical behavior for the minimum decay rates sigma(0)(epsilon) and the correlation lengths xi(p,q)(epsilon).     

Two-body B meson decays to eta and eta('): observation of B --> eta K*

In a sample of 19 x 10(6) produced B mesons, we have observed the decays B-->eta K(*) and improved our previous measurements of B-->eta'K. The branching fractions we measure for these decay modes are B(B+-->eta K(*+)) = (26.4(+9.6)(-8.2)+/-3.3)x10(-6), B(B(0)-->eta K(*0)) = (13.8(+5.5)(-4.6)+/-1.6)x10(-6), B(B(+)-->eta'K(+) = (80(+10)(-9)+/-7)x10(-6), and B(B(0)-->eta'K0) = (89(+18)(-16)+/-9)x10(-6). We have searched with comparable sensitivity for related decays and report upper limits for these branching fractions.