强引力场中活塞运动的球对称解

本文研究在强引力场中活塞的球对称匀速运动问题,对三种不同强度的引力场,用特征线法数值求解流体力学方程组,得出符合激波间断条件及稀疏波边界条件的解。文中详细地描述了活塞的运动图象、激波传播速度、活塞面上声速分布以及活塞扰动区流场,分析讨论了引力场对球对称活塞运动的影响。     

密度波理论的自洽星系激波

本文将文献[1]中的解法应用到密度波理论的星系激波中,得到双臂的激波宏图。激波后的星际气体自引力场对总和扰动引力场有很大影响.本文还讨论了星系激波的一般性质,以及等效声速的变化对星系激波解的影响。     

弱引力场中活塞运动的球对称解

本文研究在弱引力场中活塞球对称运动的气体动力学过程。取特征重力逃逸速度与流体质点运动特征速度之比为小参数展开,零级近似是活塞运动的普通气体动力学球对称问题。一级近似表明了引力场的影响。数值结果给出了活塞与激波间的流场。对强激波给出了分析解。分析讨论了本结果与平面活塞及柱对称解的差别,以及球对称条件下引力场的影响。     

关于星系激波——一类扰动气体引力场的影响

如果假设物质的扰动引力场与星际气体的扰动密度成正比,以此来摸拟星系激波压缩气体所造成的扰动引力场,可以分析这类非线性气体流动解在速度平面上的性质。只有在超声速基本流动时,包含光滑跨声速流动所对应的那一根积分曲线,才可能存在周期的局部激波解;所有其他积分曲线都不存在有物理意义的周期解。而且,即使存在光滑的跨声速流动,若扰动引力场超过某一临界值,也就不再存在局部激波解。具体计算结果表明,这类情况可以存在星系激波宏图,激波可使星际气体的密度压缩,并增大3～4倍。当这类扰动引力场的强度非常弱时,其线性化波动解即为林家翘和徐遐生的线性密度波的结果。     

激波的传播与干扰

激波的传播特性既取决于激波的产生条件,也与所处的传播环境密切相关。驱动条件、几何边界、介质的物理化学属性等发生变化时,都会引起激波传播特性的改变,而激波的变化反过来又会对其波及的流场产生影响。尽管激波传播及其干扰现象广泛存在于自然界和人类科技活动之中,其复杂机理的认识、规律的描述乃至应用潜力的挖掘仍有漫长的路要走。本文根据气体中激波传播和干扰现象以及与之相关的理论描述特征,在对激波传播以及反射、折射等基本现象进行简要阐述的基础上,重点围绕目前的热点问题,包括激波/激波干扰、激波/边界层干扰、激波与湍流作用、激波的聚焦与点火以及激波作用下气体界面不稳定性等研究进行了介绍和讨论,旨在对近年来该领域的进展及获得的成果做一个概述和归纳,期望对将来的深入研究有一个鉴借意义。     

二维湍流与弱激波相互干扰的数值模拟研究

数值研究了二维各向同性湍流与弱激波相互干扰的问题。得到了当湍流马赫效不同时，弱激波在湍流中的传播所发生的变化；给出了激波之后湍流速度脉动的方差随时间变化的趋势，并且通过其增幅在不同空间方向上的差异，揭示了激波之后湍流场的各向异性；同时分析了激波之后湍流动能的增幅和密度脉动方差的增幅对于湍流马赫效和激波马赫效各自的依赖情况。研究表明：湍流马赫效和激波马赫效在湍流与激波相互干扰的过程中起到了决定的作用。通过数值研究，初步得出了二维各向同性湍流与弱激波相互干扰问题的某些规律和特性，这对于进一步理解和研究湍流与激波相互作用的规律及其内在机理具有重要意义。     

激波的传播与干扰

激波的传播特性既取决于激波的产生条件,也与所处的传播环境密切相关.驱动条件、几何边界、介质的物理化学属性等发生变化时,都会引起激波传播特性的改变,而激波的变化反过来又会对其波及的流场产生影响.尽管激波传播及其干扰现象广泛存在于自然界和人类科技活动之中,其复杂机理的认识、规律的描述乃至应用潜力的挖掘仍有漫长的路要走.本文根据气体中激波传播和干扰现象以及与之相关的理论描述特征,在对激波传播以及反射、折射等基本现象进行简要阐述的基础上,重点围绕目前的热点问题,包括激波/激波干扰、激波/边界层干扰、激波与湍流作用、激波的聚焦与点火以及激波作用下气体界面不稳定性等研究进行了介绍和讨论,旨在对近年来该领域的进展及获得的成果做一个概述和归纳,期望对将来的深入研究有一个鉴借意义.     

激波喷出过程和在林带中的传播

运用激波管技术研究了激波从管口喷出和在林带中传播这两个基本问题。给出了三方面的结果 :揭示了激波从管口喷出时的复杂流场 ,显示了主激波弯曲和衰减 ,二次激波的形成和合拢 ,涡环的长大和发展 ,以及涡环前缘出现正激波等基本物理现象 ;显示了激波在林带中的传播过程 ,取得了激波遇林地的反射 ,马赫杆形成 ,激波与林冠的相遇 ,林冠对涡环的阻滞效应等纹影照片 ;沿激波在林地的传播方向测量了地面压力 ,证实林带有明显的消波效应。     

Shock wave propagation and interactions

激波的传播特性既取决于激波的产生条件,也与所处的传播环境密切相关.驱动条件、几何边界、介质的物理化学属性等发生变化时,都会引起激波传播特性的改变,而激波的变化反过来又会对其波及的流场产生影响.尽管激波传播及其干扰现象广泛存在于自然界和人类科技活动之中,其复杂机理的认识、规律的描述乃至应用潜力的挖掘仍有漫长的路要走.本文根据气体中激波传播和干扰现象以及与之相关的理论描述特征,在对激波传播以及反射、折射等基本现象进行简要阐述的基础上,重点围绕目前的热点问题,包括激波/激波干扰、激波/边界层干扰、激波与湍流作用、激波的聚焦与点火以及激波作用下气体界面不稳定性等研究进行了介绍和讨论,旨在对近年来该领域的进展及获得的成果做一个概述和归纳,期望对将来的深入研究有一个鉴借意义.     

激波反射现象的研究进展

本文依据激波反射研究领域最近十几年的研究热点问题,回顾了激波反射现象的主要研究成果,并着重介绍了以下几个方面的最新研究进展:弱激波的反射结构、运动激波反射的各种反射结构及转变准则、定常激波反射波形结构的分析以及激波反射的迟滞现象等.考虑到三维激波反射重要的工程应用需求,本文还介绍了三维激波反射的研究进展与目前存在的问题.最后,作者从激波动力学的视点出发,探讨了激波反射方面未来的学科发展方向和需要深入研究的问题.      

Wave fronts in elastic media with temperature dependent properties

This paper deals with the propagation of shock and acceleration wave fronts in elastic media with temperature dependent properties. The partial differential equations governing the evolution of such waves are derived and solved using the method of Charpit. Solutions for wave front propagation in a thermoelastic layer with exponentially temperature dependent properties are obtained.     

Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic description of the process of collision of a solar wind shock wave and the Earth’s bow shock

The propagation of a solar wind shock wave along the surface of the Earth’s bow shock is investigated within the framework of an ideal magnetohydrodynamic model in the three-dimensional non-plane-polarized formulation. The most characteristic values of the solar wind parameters and the interplanetary magnetic field strength are considered for the plane front of a solar wind shock wave moving at various velocities along the Sun-Earth radius. The global three-dimensional pattern of the interaction is constructed as a function of the angle of inclination of the surface of the bow shock to the solar wind velocity and the azimuthal angle along the curve of intersection of the fronts of the interacting shock waves. The evolution of the flow developed in the neighborhood of the bow shock is investigated and the parameters of the medium and magnetic field are calculated.     

A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMOELASTIC STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION PROBLEM

This paper is concerned with the numerical technique based on the method of character-istics for three-dimensional dynamic thermoelastic problems. A numerical example for the three-di-mensional stress wave propagation in a thermoelastic bar of square cross section subjected to both animpact loading and a thermal shock is presented.     

Shock and acceleration waves with large amplitudes in laminated composite plates

Propagation of shock and acceleration waves with large amplitudes is studied. The geometrical nonlinearity in the von Karman sense is included in deriving the plate equations. The dynamical conditions on the wave fronts are derived from the three-dimensional conditions in a way consistent with the derivation of the plate equations. General equations governing the propagation velocities are obtained. Solutions are presented for the case where the plates are initially at rest. It is found that, in this case, the large amplitude has a substantial effect only on the transverse shear shock wave. Finally, stability of the wave front is discussed.     

空化可压缩流动空穴溃灭激波特性研究

为深入研究空化可压缩流动中空泡/空泡团溃灭过程中激波产生、传播及其与空穴相互作用规律,本文采用数值模拟方法对空化可压缩流动空穴溃灭激波特性展开了研究.数值计算基于OpenFOAM开源程序,综合考虑蒸汽相和液相的压缩性,通过在原无相变两相可压缩求解器的控制方程中耦合模拟空化汽液相间质量交换的源项,实现了对空化流动的非定常可压缩计算.利用上述考虑汽/液相可压缩性的空化流动求解器,对周期性云状空化流动进行了数值模拟,并重点研究了空穴溃灭激波特性.结果表明:上述数值计算方法可以准确捕捉到空穴非定常演化过程及大尺度脱落空泡云团溃灭激波现象,大尺度脱落空泡云团溃灭过程分为3个阶段:(1) U型空泡团形成; (2) U型空泡团头部溃灭; (3) U型空泡团腿部溃灭.在U 型空泡团腿部溃灭瞬间,观察到激波产生,并向上游和下游传播,向上游传播的激波与空穴相互作用,导致水翼吸力面新生的附着型片状空穴回缩,直至完全溃灭.并且空穴溃灭激波存在回弹现象, 抑制了下一周期的空化发展.      

以DSD理论和LS方法为基础的程序燃烧法

给出了二维弯曲爆轰波后产物流场计算方法。爆轰波阵面传播规律满足Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD)理论并用level set (LS)方法计算,波阵面传播规律与波后流场的耦合通过程序燃烧法实现,反应进程变量可作为LS函数的函数给出。爆轰波从刚性细管道向粗管道传播产生绕射的二维计算结果表明,化学反应速率不影响波后流场分布,只影响反应区结构。此方法可用于钝感炸药的驱动计算问题。     

球对称形式物质点法及其在水下爆炸中的应用

利用物质点法求解三维远场水下爆炸冲击响应问题时,爆炸冲击波到达结构物之前传播过程的计算会消耗大量的计算资源,影响求解效率。针对这一问题,并考虑到水下爆炸冲击波在自由场中的传播特点,提出了一维球对称形式的物质点法,对球形炸药水下爆炸过程进行了数值模拟,并与Cole公式以及DYNA计算结果进行了比较,结果吻合较好,验证了一维球对称形式物质点法的正确性。在此基础上,提出了基于物质点法的重映射算法,将爆炸冲击波在自由场中的传播过程在一维球对称模型中进行计算,并将计算结果映射到三维模型中,以便继续完成计算过程,有效避免了计算资源在冲击波传播过程计算上的消耗。     

Unsteady and nonequilibrium airflow near a stagnation line

The propagation of shock waves in a medium with a nonuniform distribution of the parameters is the subject of recently published research [1–3]. The present paper deals with the problem of the gas flow ahead of the forward point of a blunt body moving at supersonic speed in air with variable parameters. The chemical reaction processes behind the shock front are taken into account. As a result of numerical calculations by the method of characteristics with isolation of the forward shock the time-dependent position of the shock front and the distributions of the composition and gas dynamic parameters in the shock layer are found. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 170–172, November–December, 1986.     

A moving boundary hyperbolic problem for a stress impact in a bar of rate-type material

In this paper we present some results obtained by studying the mathematical model describing a moving boundary hyperbolic problem related to a time dependent stress impact in a bar of Maxwell-like material. Due to the impact a shock front propagates with a finite speed. Here our interest is to underline the influence of the dissipative term on the propagation of the shock front.

In the framework of the similarity analysis we are able to reduce the moving boundary hyperbolic problem to a free boundary value problem for an ordinary differential system. It is then possible, by applying two numerical transformation methods, to solve the free boundary value problem numerically. The influence of the dissipative term is evident: the free boundary (that defines the shock front propagation) is an increasing function of the dissipative coefficient.     

Shock enhancement of cellular structures under impact loading: Part I Experiments

This paper aims at showing experimental proof of the existence of a shock front in cellular structures under impact loading, especially at low critical impact velocities around 50 m/s. First, an original testing procedure using a large diameter Nylon Hopkinson bar is introduced. With this large diameter soft Hopkinson bar, tests under two different configurations (pressure bar behind/ahead of the supposed shock front) at the same impact speed are used to obtain the force/time histories behind and ahead of the assumed shock front within the cellular material specimen.Stress jumps (up to 60% of initial stress level) as well as shock front speed are measured for tests at 55 m/s on Alporas foams and nickel hollow sphere agglomerates, whereas no significant shock enhancement is observed for Cymat foams and 5056 aluminium honeycombs. The corresponding rate sensitivity of the studied cellular structures is also measured and it is proven that it is not responsible for the sharp strength enhancement.A photomechanical measurement of the shock front speed is also proposed to obtain a direct experimental proof. The displacement and strain fields during the test are obtained by correlating images shot with a high speed camera. The strain field measurements at different times show that the shock front discontinuity propagates and allows for the measurement of the propagation velocity.All the experimental evidences enable us to confirm the existence of a shock front enhancement even at quite low impact velocities for a number of studied materials.