共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 266 毫秒
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为了了解浮力的影响,对水平温度梯度作用时环形液池内的热毛细对流进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,环形液池外壁被加热,半径为40 mm,内壁被冷却,半径为20 mm,液池深度为(1-17)mm,流体为0.65cSt的硅油,其Pτ数为6.7.模拟结果表明,当水平温度梯度较小时,流动为轴对称稳态流动,随着温度梯度的增加,流动将会失去其稳定性,在浅液池内,转化为热流体波,浮力对失稳后的流型无影响,但会使热流体波的振幅下降;在深液池内,在常重力条件下,转化成三维稳定流动,在微重力和小重力条件下,转化为三维振荡流动. 相似文献
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利用落塔开展了不同重力情况下质子交换膜燃料电池性能的实验研究.对常重力和微重力条件下质子交换膜燃料电池发电时其阴极蛇形流场内部的两相流动开展了可视化现场观测.对重力因素对质子交换膜燃料电池内部传质过程的影响进行了分析和讨论.实验结果表明:在常重力环境中,液态水堆积在竖置流道的底部,无法有效排出.聚集在流道内的液态水与反应气体在流道内形成气/液两相流动.在微重力环境中,液态水在气体推动力的作用下从流道的底部上升并沿流道向出口流动.聚集在流道内的液态水排除后,减小了反应气体(氧气)从流道向催化层的传递阻力,从而使质子交换膜燃料电池的性能得到提高. 相似文献
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采用密度匹配法(重水与水按一定比例混合),以及反射光谱法,研究了重力沉降作用对直径为98 nm的带电胶体粒子结晶过程的影响. 结果表明,重力沉降在晶体生长的初期提高了晶体生长速率,而后期降低了晶体生长速率,这是由于在晶体生长初期,沉降作用可使更多的粒子结合到晶体结构中,而当晶体尺寸进一步增加,其沉降速率也相应地增大,晶相与液相间的摩擦阻力导致一部分颗粒从胶体晶体上脱落. 总的来说,重力沉降在初期加剧了晶体的生长,后期阻碍了晶体的生长. 另外,在微重力环境下形成的胶体晶体比在重力环境下形成的胶体晶体更加完整紧密. 相似文献
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硅熔体CZ结构浅池内热毛细对流转变滞后特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了了解水平温度梯度作用时Czochralski(CZ)结构浅池内硅熔体热毛细对流的转变滞后特性,利用有限差分法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,坩埚外壁被加热,半径为50mm,晶体半径为15mm,液池深度为3mm,坩埚外壁与晶体生长界面温差变化范围为6-27K。模拟结果表明,当逐渐增加温差时,在△T=9K处,二维轴对称流动转变为三维稳态流动,在△T=20.6K处,三维稳态流动转变为三维振荡流动;当逐渐减小温差时,在△T=19.5K处,三维振荡流动才转变为三维稳态流动,因此,二次流动转变存在滞后,滞后温差约为1.1K。 相似文献
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采用物理气相传输法在钨制坩埚上制备AlN单晶.通过采用COMSOL软件中的固体传热和磁场模块,对AlN晶体生长的坩埚的热场进行仿真,同时针对不同的线圈直径以及不同的线圈位置对坩埚热场的影响进行模拟,提出了相应的处理方式.结果表明:当线圈直径增大,坩埚结晶区和升华区的温度在相同的加热时间下会增加,并且增加的温度存在峰值.当线圈的垂直位置发生变化的时候,结晶区和升华区的温度场也会发生变化,从上向下移动的过程中仍然存在温度的峰值,并且结晶区和升华区的温度关系会发生翻转,导致温度梯度阻碍晶体生长.在晶体生长过程中升华区和结晶区的温度关系依旧会发生翻转.但是通过线圈跟随籽晶表面生长层的变厚而同步移动,可以保持相对稳定的温度关系,维持晶体正常持续生长. 相似文献
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在垂直Bridgman晶体生长装置中,熔体的热质对流是由于温度梯度和浓度梯度间的相互作用引起的,而温度梯度和浓度梯度由晶体热物性和生长炉结构所决定.由于温度梯度和浓度梯度的耦合作用,坩埚中熔体的流动结构形式多样,由流动引起的溶质分布也呈多种形式.本文以GeSi多组元化合物半导体晶体为对象,数值研究了垂直Bridgman晶体生长过程中的热质对流现象,分析了热Rayleigh数、GeSi晶体热物性,生长炉结构对热质对流和径向溶质分凝的影响规律.结果表明:在垂直Bridgman装置中,熔体的热质对流是由于生长炉热边界条件的不连续性和晶体熔-固两相热物性不匹配引起的;随着熔体流动强度的增加,径向溶质分凝出现两个极小点,所以单纯地抑制或加强熔体对流强度并不一定能改善径向溶质分凝现象. 相似文献
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《原子与分子物理学报》2021,(1)
采用物理气相传输法在钨制坩埚上制备AlN单晶.通过采用COMSOL软件中的固体传热和磁场模块,对AlN晶体生长的坩埚的热场进行仿真,同时针对不同的线圈直径以及不同的线圈位置对坩埚热场的影响进行模拟,提出了相应的处理方式.结果表明:当线圈直径增大,坩埚结晶区和升华区的温度在相同的加热时间下会增加,并且增加的温度存在峰值.当线圈的垂直位置发生变化的时候,结晶区和升华区的温度场也会发生变化,从上向下移动的过程中仍然存在温度的峰值,并且结晶区和升华区的温度关系会发生翻转,导致温度梯度阻碍晶体生长.在晶体生长过程中升华区和结晶区的温度关系依旧会发生翻转.但是通过线圈跟随籽晶表面生长层的变厚而同步移动,可以保持相对稳定的温度关系,维持晶体正常持续生长. 相似文献
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在水平温度梯度下,双层流体交界面的表面张力会出现梯度,驱动热毛细对流运动,造成热剪切层内的扰动.本文数值模拟了不同重力条件下,双层流体内的对流现象,得出了在微重力时,对流运动将引起热剪切层内强烈的扰动.为了减弱这种扰动,我们利用磁场对流体的运动进行控制.为此,又对微重力条件下,不同方向应用磁场下的热剪切层内扰动行为进行了数值研究,结果显示,磁场对热剪切层稳定性有促进作用,加入法向的应用磁场最为有效. 相似文献
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在常重力下模拟微重力燃烧对载人航天器的火灾安全具有重要意义.窄通道就是这样一种可以有效限制自然对流的模拟设施.但是,不同重力下火焰传播的相似性仍然是有待研究的问题.本文用实验和数值模拟的方法,比较了不同重力下有限空间内热薄材料表面的逆风传播火焰.不同重力下火焰形状和火焰传播速度的比较表明,1cm高的水平窄通道可以有效地限制自然对流,在常重力下用这种通道能够模拟微重力下相同几何尺寸的通道中的火焰传播.因此,在地面上首先利用水平窄通道,模拟相同环境中的微重力火焰传播,然后考虑通道尺寸变化对火焰传播的影响,有可能成为地面模拟其他尺寸的空间中的微重力燃烧的方法. 相似文献
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Armin Veshkini 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2017,21(5):864-878
A numerical study is conducted of methane–air coflow diffusion flames at microgravity (μg) and normal gravity (1g), and comparisons are made with experimental data in the literature. The model employed uses a detailed gas phase chemical kinetic mechanism that includes PAH formation and growth, and is coupled to a sectional soot particle dynamics model. The model is able to accurately predict the trends observed experimentally with reduction of gravity without any tuning of the model for different flames. The microgravity sooting flames were found to have lower temperatures and higher volume fraction than their normal gravity counterparts. In the absence of gravity, the flame radii increase due to elimination of buoyance forces and reduction of flow velocity, which is consistent with experimental observations. Soot formation along the wings is seen to be surface growth dominated, while PAH condensation plays a more major role on centreline soot formation. Surface growth and PAH growth increase in microgravity primarily due to increases in the residence time inside the flame. The rate of increase of surface growth is more significant compared to PAH growth, which causes soot distribution to shift from the centreline of the flame to the wings in microgravity. 相似文献
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Sandra L. Olson Paul V. Ferkul Jeremy W. Marcum 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(2):1555-1562
During blowoff extinction of clear cast PMMA rods in concurrent axial flow for microgravity BASS-II experiments, a dynamic flame oscillation was observed after the flame was blown off of the stagnation point but briefly stabilized on the periphery of the rod. Complementary normal gravity experiments were conducted and flame oscillations were tracked using a high-speed color camera at 240 frames per second. The side-stabilized flame oscillated up and down the rod with increasing amplitude until the entire flame extinguished. In none of the BASS-II or normal gravity tests could the side-stabilized flames persist (Hopf subcritical bifurcation). Since the oscillations occurred even in microgravity, the mechanism does not depend on gravity. For the larger fuel radius tests, the flame developed asymmetric oscillation (pitchfork bifurcation). The oscillation time and the number of oscillations scale with the inverse square of the rod radius (~ Fourier no.) for the preheated microgravity rods. The average flame oscillation frequency is found to be linearly dependent on the mixed convective stretch rate (inverse of the flow time). The flame intensity varied in concert with its direction, either increasing or decreasing as the flame moved upstream or downstream, respectively. The oscillation frequency decreased as the amplitude increased and the flame slipped slightly farther down the rod with each oscillation. The flame speed increased with each subsequent oscillation, both flashing forward upstream and retreating downstream. The oscillations were found to closely follow a power law log-periodic dependence similar to those that describe systems approaching a critical point, such as diffusion-limited aggregation clusters, earthquakes, ruptures, and even stock market crashes. The net flame speeds varied linearly with ambient oxygen concentration, and linearly with the mixed convective stretch rate. Based on these observations, a mechanistic theory of the oscillations is described, and is consistent with the thermodiffusive instability. 相似文献
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Vailati A Cerbino R Mazzoni S Giglio M Takacs CJ Cannell DS 《J Phys Condens Matter》2012,24(28):284134
Equilibrium fluctuations of thermodynamic variables, such as density or concentration, are known to be small and typically occur at a molecular length scale. In contrast, theory predicts that non-equilibrium fluctuations grow very large both in amplitude and spatial size. On earth, the presence of gravity and buoyancy forces severely limits the development of the fluctuations. We will present the results of a 14-year long international collaboration on an experiment on non-equilibrium fluctuations in a single liquid and in a polymer solution under microgravity conditions. Non-equilibrium conditions are generated by applying a temperature gradient across millimetre-size liquid slabs. Phase modulations introduced by fluctuations are measured using a quantitative shadowgraph method, with the optical axis parallel to the temperature gradient. Thousands of images are analysed and their two-dimensional power spectra yield the fluctuation structure function S(q), once data are reduced accounting for the instrumental transfer function T(q). The mean-squared amplitude of the fluctuations exhibits an impressive power-law dependence at larger q and a crossover at low q showing that the fluctuation size is limited by the sample thickness. The shape of the structure function, its increase due to removing gravity, and its dependence on applied gradient are in reasonable agreement with available theoretical predictions. 相似文献
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Numerical simulations of laminar coflow methane/air diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure and different gravity levels were conducted to gain a better understanding of the effects of gravity on soot formation by using relatively detailed gas-phase chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties coupled with a semi-empirical two-equation soot model. Thermal radiation was calculated using the discrete-ordinates method coupled with a non-grey model for the radiative properties of CO, CO2, H2O, and soot. Calculations were conducted for three coflow air velocities of 77.6, 30, and 5 cm/s to investigate how the coflowing air velocity affects the flame structure and soot formation at different levels of gravity. The coflow air velocity has a rather significant effect on the streamwise velocity and the fluid parcel residence time, especially at reduced gravity levels. The flame height and the visible flame height in general increase with decreasing the gravity level. The peak flame temperature decreases with decreasing either the coflow air stream velocity or the gravity level. The peak soot volume fraction of the flame at microgravity can either be greater or less than that of its normal gravity counterpart, depending on the coflow air velocity. At sufficiently high coflow air velocity, the peak soot volume fraction increases with decreasing the gravity level. When the coflow air velocity is low enough, soot formation is greatly suppressed at microgravity and extinguishment occurs in the upper portion of the flame with soot emission from the tip of the flame owing to incomplete oxidation. The numerical results provide further insights into the intimate coupling between flame size, residence time, thermal radiation, and soot formation at reduced gravity level. The importance of thermal radiation heat transfer and coflow air velocity to the flame structure and soot formation at microgravity is demonstrated for the first time. 相似文献