激光片光三维传感的直接映射方法

提出了一种新的全场高度映射方法，利用激光片光产生的莫尔条纹的性质，拟合出两个映射曲面。通过这两个曲面方程，可同时直接得出ＣＣＤ探测器表面任意一点在实际世界坐标系中对应的高度和一维横向坐标。此方法具有极大的实用价值。     

多光刀三维轮廓快速测量方法研究

提出了一种三维自由曲面多光刀快速测量方案,阐述了此方法的测量原理,讨论了多光刀阵列的实现方法,分析了影响其测试精度的主要因素.提出了采用虚拟网格标定法对各光刀分别进行标定,以及运用光刀编码的方法实现对复杂自由曲面测量的方法,结果表明:该方法是一种快速有效的三维轮廓测量方法.     

一种使用线阵型CCD实现高精度二维位置测量的方法

介绍了一种使用ＣＣＤ测量位置的方法。与其它ＣＣＤ位置测量系统不同，通过设计一个特殊的光学系统，实现了使用两个线阵型ＣＣＤ进行高精度二维位置坐标测量。文中对该光学系统进行了误差分析，证实该方法具有很高的测量精度。该二维位置测量方法具有一些突出的优点：系统响应速度快，可以对动态目标进行测量；测量精度高；制造成本低。上述特点使它在工业制造领域内有着广阔的应用前景。     

CCD测量望远系统的像倾斜

本文利用ＣＣＤ器件实现了对望远系统像倾斜的自动测量。可消除传统测量方法中的主观误差，使测试结果更具客观性     

一种基于CCD对准的光电测量方法

本文描述一种基于ＣＣＤ平均能量法使光学边沿对准的光电测量方法，该方法采用光栅作计量元件，精密平台作扫描方式，实现了自动高精度的光学码道测量，特别适用于卫星定向用的光学码盘码道尺寸精密测量。     

配光镜柱面半径光电检测方法的研究

本文介绍一种测量柱面镜曲率半径的基本原理和检测系统结构。该测量技术利用激光束折射原理，采用线阵ＣＣＤ光电探测器件和单片机数据处理系统，通过测量激光束散开的宽度，计算出柱面镜的曲率半径。将这种方法应用到配光镜柱面单位曲率半径测量，整个测试过程在微机控制下自动完成，并具有高的测试精度。     

轨道振动的非接触测量

ＣＣＤ实时地非接触检测铁轨的振动情况是一种既方便又准确的测量方法。该方法能够测出轨道振动的幅度、频率、相位、加速度等参数。ＣＣＤ非接触测振系统由照明光源、成像系统、ＣＣＤ、检测逻辑接口电路及计算机软件构成。通过实际检测，它能够达到振幅测量精度为０．１ｍｍ，最大量程为１００ｍｍ，频率不低于２００Ｈｚ。该系统可扩展到用非接触方法测量各种机械振动、位移量和物体边沿检测等应用领域。     

天幕立靶探测光幕响应时间一致性测量方法研究

为验证弹丸穿过天幕立靶时6个光幕响应时间是否一致，以提高测试设备测速精度，提出了一种用于检测天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性的测量方法，设计了一种基于该测量方法的模拟弹丸过幕信号源测试装置。该装置调用存储在ROM中的弹丸轮廓数据，经DA转换控制两路光源间隔亮暗变化一次，用于模拟弹丸依次穿过探测光幕所遮挡的光能量变化。利用信号采集与处理仪同步采集两路输出信号时间间隔，与装置设定时间间隔的差值比较完成测试。测试结果表明:输出两路信号的时间间隔与设定时间间隔间的差值均小于1 μs，满足6个光幕响应时间一致性技术指标要求，该测试装置及测量方法可用于天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性测量。     

CCD测量杨氏模量的研究

本文研究ＣＣＤ在杨氏模量测量中的应用。ＣＣＤ可实现杨氏模量的自动化高精度测量，比传统的测量方法优越。     

基于偏振位相调制的位相轮廓测量

本文介绍了一种用来测量三维物体面形的位相轮廓方法，它是通过将正弦光场投影到被测物面，该光场被物体表面调制后发生位相改变，利用偏振位相调制及位相检测算法计算物面的位相分布，再根据几何关系实现对物体三维形貌的测量。实验装置采用一种偏振位相调制的干涉光场投影装置对光场进行简便而精确的移相，采用ＣＣＤ摄像机记录畸变光场，并用计算机处理和显示测量结果。文中给出了有关实验结果。     

Real-time defect detection on highly reflective curved surfaces

This paper presents an automated defect detection system for coated plastic components for the automotive industry. This research activity came up as an evolution of a previous study which employed a non-flat mirror to illuminate and inspect high reflective curved surfaces. According to this method, the rays emitted from a light source are conveyed on the surface under investigation by means of a suitably curved mirror. After the reflection on the surface, the light rays are collected by a CCD camera, in which the coating defects appear as shadows of various shapes and dimensions. In this paper we present an evolution of the above-mentioned method, introducing a simplified mirror set-up in order to reduce the costs and the complexity of the defect detection system. In fact, a set of plane mirrors is employed instead of the curved one. Moreover, the inspection of multiple bend radius parts is investigated. A prototype of the machine vision system has been developed in order to test this simplified method. This device is made up of a light projector, a set of plane mirrors for light rays reflection, a conveyor belt for handling components, a CCD camera and a desktop PC which performs image acquisition and processing. Like in the previous system, the defects are identified as shadows inside a high brightness image. At the end of the paper, first experimental results are presented.     

Visualization of coalescence behavior of two bubbles with smoothness constraint

A new method based on 2D contour curve fitting and 3D rotation surface generation to visualize the coalescence phenomenon of two bubbles in static water is presented. First, some contour points are extracted from key frame images in different coalescence stages of two bubbles. Second, those points are fitted using a new approach combining piecewise curve fitting with a smoothing constraint. Third, a family of transition functions is proposed to deal with continuous changes of contour curves in the process of coalescence. Finally, we use those contours to generate dynamical 3D rotation surfaces and achieve the continuous deformation visualization of two-bubble coalescence.     

郎奇法检测大口径光学非球面镜

提出了一种用朗奇法定量检测大口径非球面的新技术。主要以大口径非球面镜的加工表面为研究对象,设计了大口径非球面检测系统,该系统由CCD摄像机、He-Ne激光器、郎奇光栅、微型计算机等组成。并利用大口径非球面检测系统对一个顶点曲率半径为1638．69mm,被测曲面半通光口径为315mm的光学元件的面形进行了实际测量,给出了光学元件标准偏差和峰谷值测量结果。最后对测量结果进行了讨论。研究结果表明：基于郎奇法的几何原理,利用CCD摄像系统定量检测大口径非球面的方法具有较高的精度。     

Optical edge-projection method for three-dimensional profilometry

A novel optical edge-projection method is proposed for surface contouring of an object with low reflectivity. A structured light edge is projected onto a dark surface, and the image is captured by a CCD camera. The object contour is evaluated with an active triangular projection algorithm, and one obtains a whole-field three-dimensional contour of the object by scanning the optical edge over the entire object surface. The proposed method is applied to a black nonreflective object made from woven carbon fiber and is also applied to measure the profile of a small object (a coin). The results show that an accurate profile of the specimen can be obtained.     

Application of ESPI-method for strain analysis in thin wall cylinders

The Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics, DIT, Ireland, have recently developed and applied new optical techniques for the measurement of mechanical strain, one of which was based on electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The accuracy of this optical technique when used on flat surfaces is well established. In this research the technique is tested on curved surfaces, and results are compared with the theoretical hoop strain as predicted by the bi-axial strain equation modified for the thin cylinder, and by those obtained by electrical resistance strain gauge (ERSG) undoubtedly the principal method of measuring mechanical strain. For testing procedures, a special unit was designed and produced for holding and loading the thin cylinder. Also the basic equation for hoop strain by ESPI for flat surfaces was modified for applications on curved surfaces.Thin cylinder hoop strain obtained by ESPI and calculated by a modified equation show remarkably good correlation to the predicted theoretical value as well as to the results obtained by ERSG. Since the ESPI theory was originally developed for use on flat surfaces, there are reasonable grounds for further investigating this relationship especially where curved surfaces are involved.     

Precise perimeter measurement for 3D object with a binocular stereo vision measurement system

A novel measurement scheme for a three dimensional (3D) object's surface boundary perimeter is proposed. This scheme consists of three steps. First, a binocular stereo vision measurement system with two CCD cameras is devised to obtain the two images of a detected object's 3D surface boundary. Second, two B-spline active contours are applied to converge to the object's contour edges accurately in the two CCD images to perform the stereo matching. Finally, for the reconstructed 3D active contour, its true contour length is computed as the detected object's true boundary perimeter. An experiment on a bent surface's perimeter measurement indicates that this scheme's measurement repetition error decreases to 0.6%.     

Bend radiation in optical fibers

A new, relatively simple way of calculating bend radiation is developed. As is often done in propagation over gently curved surfaces, the fiber curvature is accounted for by placing a straight fiber in a fictitious medium that is inhomogeneous in the plane of the bend. For a gently curved fiber, the medium is slowly varying and the WKB method is used to approximate the radial field dependence. This solution is related to the unperturbed straight fiber solution through an ansatz consistent with the WKB solution. The propagating modes in this approximation remain orthogonal, allowing an immediate generalization to the multimoded case. The radiation loss per unit length is calculated two ways and is consistent with results in the literature.     

玻璃微珠球度自动测试

将现代光学测试技术、计算机技术和光电子技术相结合, 研究了基于面阵CCD,成像物镜和微机的微小尺寸检测系统, 实现了二维尺寸的高精度、非接触、实时自动检测。系统结构简单, 易于操作, 对环境要求宽松。为实现二维尺寸的非接触自动检测, 需要获得被测工件的边缘轮廓参数。解决了非线性平滑、阈值确定和边缘提取等关键技术, 利用边缘轮廓跟踪的方法获取工件的边缘轮廓图像, 系统可精确地确定工件的边缘轮廓曲线。作为实例对微米级玻璃珠的球度进行了测试。该测试系统为非接触式测量, 克服了传统测试方法一些固有的缺点, 不会对工件造成永久性损伤。实验表明该系统测量范围大, 绝对精度达到3.0 μm, 重复性好。     

On Light-Like Extremal Surfaces in Curved Spacetimes

In this paper, we find that under a diffeomorphic of nonlinear geodesic equations are concerned with light-like extremal surfaces in curved spaeetimes. It is interesting to transformation of variables, the light-like extremal surfaces can be described by a system Particularly, we investigate the light-like extremal surfaces in Schwarzschild spacetime in detail and some new special solutions are derived systematically with aim to compare with the known results and to illustrate the method.