On the Vanishing Viscosity Limit of 3D Navier-Stokes Equations under Slip Boundary Conditions in General Domains

We consider the vanishing-viscosity limit for the Navier-Stokes equations with certain slip-without-friction boundary conditions in a bounded domain with non-flat boundary. In particular, we are able to show convergence in strong norms for a solution starting with initial data belonging to the special subclass of data with vanishing vorticity on the boundary. The proof is obtained by smoothing the initial data and by a perturbation argument with quite precise estimates for the equations of the vorticity and for that of the curl of the vorticity.     

Dispersing Billiards with Moving Scatterers

We propose a model of Sinai billiards with moving scatterers, in which the locations and shapes of the scatterers may change by small amounts between collisions. Our main result is the exponential loss of memory of initial data at uniform rates, and our proof consists of a coupling argument for non-stationary compositions of maps similar to classical billiard maps. This can be seen as a prototypical result on the statistical properties of time-dependent dynamical systems.     

Solomon’s Argument on Hidden Variables in Quantum Theory

J. Solomon [Journal de Physique 4, 34 (1933)] produced an argument of great generality claiming to demonstrate the impossibility of hidden variables in quantum theory, an argument which M. Jammer [The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics(Wiley, New York, 1974)] said raised a number of questions. For the first time, this argument is discussed, a simple hidden variable model violating the argument is analysed in detail, and the error in the proof is located.     

On Global Stability for Lifschitz–Slyozov–Wagner Like Equations

This paper is concerned with the stability and asymptotic stability at large time of solutions to a system of equations, which includes the Lifschitz–Slyozov–Wagner (LSW) system in the case when the initial data has compact support. The main result of the paper is a proof of weak global asymptotic stability for LSW like systems. Previously strong local asymptotic stability results were obtained by Niethammer and Velázquez for the LSW system with initial data of compact support. Comparison to a quadratic model plays an important part in the proof of the main theorem when the initial data is critical. The quadratic model extends the linear model of Carr and Penrose, and has a time invariant solution which decays exponentially at the edge of its support in the same way as the infinitely differentiable self-similar solution of the LSW model.     

Initial data for two Kerr-like black holes

We prove the existence of a family of initial data for the Einstein vacuum equation which can be interpreted as the data for two Kerr-like black holes in an arbitrary location and with spins pointing in arbitrary directions. We also provide a method to compute them. If the mass parameter of one of the black holes is zero, then this family reduces exactly to the Kerr initial data. The existence proof is based on a general property of the Kerr metric which can be used in other constructions as well. Further generalizations are also discussed.     

Comments on “determinism,realism, and Stapp's 1985 proof of nonlocality”

An earlier argument by the author, that Stapp's 1985 proof of quantum locality contains an implicit element of realism, is elaborated. Refuted thereby is Clifton's criticism that the author's argument was based on a misinterpretation of counterfactual analysis.     

Practical scheme for quantum computation with any two-qubit entangling gate

Which gates are universal for quantum computation? Although it is well known that certain gates on two-level quantum systems (qubits), such as the controlled-not, are universal when assisted by arbitrary one-qubit gates, it has only recently become clear precisely what class of two-qubit gates is universal in this sense. We present an elementary proof that any entangling two-qubit gate is universal for quantum computation, when assisted by one-qubit gates. A proof of this result for systems of arbitrary finite dimension has been provided by Brylinski and Brylinski; however, their proof relies on a long argument using advanced mathematics. In contrast, our proof provides a simple constructive procedure which is close to optimal and experimentally practical.     

Algebraic approach to chiral anomalies: General solution of the consistency condition

General form of nontrivial solutions of the Wess-Zumino consistency condition is derived, and the uniqueness of the chiral anomalies is discussed. Whole of the argument is based on the algebraic treatment of the problem in the extended Euclidean space-time of the dimension higher than six. Particularly crucial to the argument is a lemma, the proof of which is presented in detail.     

Boltzmann equation on a lattice: Existence and uniqueness of solutions

Cercignani, Greenberg, and Zweifel proved the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the Boltzmann equation on a toroidal lattice under the assumption that the collision kernel is bounded. We give an alternative, considerably simpler, proof which is based on a fixed point argument.     

Heisenberg proof of the Balian-Low theorem

We give an alternate proof of the fact that a function generating a basis of coherent states must have an infinitely long tail in either position space or momentum space. Our argument is a very natural one in which the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle enters directly.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMS 8603795.     

On the asymptotic equivalence between the Enskog and the Boltzmann equations

An asymptotic equivalence theorem is proven between the solutions of the initial value problem in all space for the Boltzmann and Enskog equations for initial data which assure global existence for the solutions to the initial value problem for one of the two equations. The proof is given starting from the solution of the Boltzmann equation, then the proof line is simply indicated when one starts from the Enskog equation. The proof holds for Knudsen numbers of the order of unity and equivalence is proven when the scale of the dimensions of the gas particles characterizing the Enskog equation tends to zero.On leave from Department of Mathematics, University of Warsaw, Poland.     

A note and erratum concerning “min-max theory for the Yang-Mills—Higgs equations”

An error in an argument which was used to prove the existence of non-minimal solutions to theSU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs equations has been shown to the author. A revised proof is presented here to establish the existence of infinitely many non-minimal solutions to the afore-mentioned equations.Supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation     

Stability of Schwarzschild-AdS for the Spherically Symmetric Einstein-Klein-Gordon System

In this paper, we study the global behavior of solutions to the spherically symmetric coupled Einstein-Klein-Gordon (EKG) system in the presence of a negative cosmological constant. For the Klein-Gordon mass-squared satisfying a ≥ ?1 (the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound being a > ?9/8), we prove that the Schwarzschild-AdS spacetimes are asymptotically stable: Small perturbations of Schwarzschild-AdS initial data again lead to regular black holes, with the metric on the black hole exterior approaching, at an exponential rate, a Schwarzschild-AdS spacetime. The main difficulties in the proof arise from the lack of monotonicity for the Hawking mass and the asymptotically AdS boundary conditions, which render even (part of) the orbital stability intricate. These issues are resolved in a bootstrap argument on the black hole exterior, with the redshift effect and weighted Hardy inequalities playing the fundamental role in the analysis. Both integrated decay and pointwise decay estimates are obtained. As a corollary of our estimates on the Klein-Gordon field, one obtains in particular exponential decay in time of spherically-symmetric solutions to the linear Klein-Gordon equation on Schwarzschild-AdS.     

Low Lying Spectrum of Weak-Disorder Quantum Waveguides

We study the low-lying spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplace operator on a randomly wiggled strip. More precisely, our results are formulated in terms of the eigenvalues of finite segment approximations of the infinite waveguide. Under appropriate weak-disorder assumptions we obtain deterministic and probabilistic bounds on the position of the lowest eigenvalue. A Combes-Thomas argument allows us to obtain a so-called ‘initial length scale decay estimate’ as they are employed in the proof of spectral localization using the multiscale analysis method.     

Random Walk Analysis of the Commensurate-Incommensurate Transition in the Isotropic Spin-1 Chain

It has been observed that in the isotropic spin-1 chain a transition in the asymptotic properties of the correlation function (commensurate-incommensurate transition) occurs at the AKLT point. We propose a simple random-walk-type argument, explaining this transition. Also, we consider a modification of the AKLT model, for which this argument can be turned into a rigorous proof.     

Global existence inL 1 for the modified nonlinear Enskog equation in ℝ3

A global existence theorem with large initial data inL ¹ is given for the modified Enskog equation in ³. The method, which is based on the existence of a Liapunov functional (analog of theH-Boltzmann theorem), utilizes a weak compactness argument inL ¹ in a similar way to the DiPerna-Lions proof for the Boltzmann equation. The existence theorem is obtained under certain condition on the behavior of the geometric factorY. The condition onY amounts to the fact that theL ¹ norm of the collision term grows linearly when the local density tends to infinity.     

An alternative proof of Wigner theorem on quantum transformations based on elementary complex analysis

According to Wigner theorem, transformations of quantum states which preserve the probabilities are either unitary or antiunitary. This Letter presents an elementary proof of this theorem that significantly departs from the numerous ones already existing in the literature. The main line of the argument remains valid even in quantum field theory where Hilbert spaces are non-separable.     

Orthogonality and completeness of the Bethe Ansatz eigenstates of the nonlinear Schroedinger model

A rigorous proof is given of the orthogonality and the completeness of the Bethe Ansatz eigenstates of theN-body Hamiltonian of the nonlinear Schroedinger model on a finite interval. The completeness proof is based on ideas of C.N. Yang and C.P. Yang, but their continuity argument at infinite coupling is replaced by operator monotonicity at zero coupling. The orthogonality proof uses the algebraic Bethe Ansatz method or inverse scattering method applied to a lattice approximation introduced by Izergin and Korepin. The latter model is defined in terms of monodromy matrices without writing down an explicit Hamiltonian. It is shown that the eigenfunctions of the transfer matrices for this model converge to the Bethe Ansatz eigenstates of the nonlinear Schroedinger model.     

Threshold exponents of pseudo-particle spectra of Kondo impurities

Pseudo-particle propagators or resolvents are known to be important ingredients in the theory of a degenerate Anderson impurity. At low temperatures they show conspicuous threshold behavior which is, however, described only approximately in perturbative theories like the non-crossing approximation. In this paper we derive the correct values of the threshold exponents from an argument due to Schotte and Schotte. For degeneracyN=1 we provide a complete perturbative proof of the validity of our results.     

LSI for Kawasaki Dynamics with Weak Interaction

We consider a large lattice system of unbounded continuous spins that are governed by a Ginzburg-Landau type potential and a weak quadratic interaction. We derive the logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI) for Kawasaki dynamics uniform in the boundary data. The scaling of the LSI constant is optimal in the system size and our argument is independent of the geometric structure of the system. The proof consists of an application of the two-scale approach of Grunewald, Otto, Westdickenberg & Villani. Several ideas are needed to solve new technical difficulties due to the interaction. Let us mention the application of a new covariance estimate, a conditioning technique, and a generalization of the local Cramér theorem.