首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
An improved method for the preparation of differently charged chelate Pt(II) chloro-complexes is reported. All the complexes have been obtained rapidly and in high yield, by simply reacting equimolar amounts of cis/trans- dichlorobis(dimethylsulphide)platinum(II) with the chelate ligand in an appropriate solvent (CH2Cl2, MeOH or H2O). The ligands chosen were: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (P—P), pyridine–2-carboxylate (N—O), 2-[(methylthio)methyl]pyridine (N—S), 1,10-phenanthroline (N—N), bis(2-pyridylmethyl)sulphide (N—S—N), di-(2-picolyl)amine (N—N—N), pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (O—N—O2−) and 2,6-bis(methylthiomethyl)pyridine (S—N—S).  相似文献   

2.
Summary Preferential solvation ofbis-1,10-phenanthroline-bis-cyanoiron(II) was investigated in aqueous acetone and 2-methoxyethanol binary mixtures. The solvatochromic behaviour is discussed in terms of donor and acceptor numbers. The thermodynamic model ofFrankel was used to treat preferential solvation in the binary aqueous 2-methoxyethanol mixtures and reveals that preferential solvation by the organic solvent occurs. The preferential solvation constant at 298.15K was found to be equal to 3.30±0.039, and the free energy of preferential solvation amounts to 2.96kJ·mole–1.
Bevorzugte Solvatation von Fe(phen)2(CN)2 in binären Mischungen aus Wasser und Aceton bzw. 2-Methoxyethanol
Zusammenfassung Die bevorzugte Solvatation vonbis-1,10-Phenanthrolin-bis-cyanoeisen(II) wurde in binären wäßrigen Mischungen mit Aceton bzw. 2-Methoxyethanol als organischer Komponente untersucht. Das solvatochrome Verhalten wird in Zusammenhang mit Donor- und Akzeptorzahlen diskutiert. Die theoretische Behandlung erfolgte mit Hilfe des thermodynamischen Modells vonFrankel und zeigt, daß das organische Lösungsmittel bevorzugt solvatisiert. Die entsprechende Konstante bei 298.15K wurde zu 3.30±0.039 ermmittelt. Die freie Energie der bevorzugten Solvatation beträgt 2.96kJ·mol–1.
  相似文献   

3.
We investigate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of pyridine–Agn (n = 2–8) complexes by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. In simulated normal Raman scattering (NRS) spectra, profiles of pyridine–Agn (n = 2–8) complexes are analogical with that of isolated pyridine. Nevertheless, calculated pre-SERS spectra are strongly dependent on electronic transition states of new complexes. Wavelengths at 335 nm, 394.8 nm, 316.9 nm and 342.6 nm, which are nearly resonant with pure charge transfer excitation states, are adopted as incident light when simulating pre-SERS spectra for pyridine–Agn (n = 2–8) complexes, respectively. We obtain enhancement factors from 103 to 105 in pre-SERS spectra compared with corresponding NRS spectra. The obvious increase in Raman intensities mainly result from charge transfer resonance Raman enhancement. A charge difference densities (CDDs) methodology is adopted in describing chemical enhancement mechanism. This methodology aims at visualizing charge transfer from Agn (n = 2–8) clusters to pyridine on resonant electronic transition, which is one of the most direct evidences for chemical enhancement mechanism.  相似文献   

4.
Summary The aquation kinetics ofcis-[Co(NH3)Br(en)2]2+ were studied in aqueous and mixed aqueous-nonaqueous solvents in the presence of KBr, KCl, LiCl, NaNO3 and NaClO4 as supporting electrolytes. It was found that the association between the complex ion and Cl, Br and NO 3 ions takes place. The association constants, KIP, were evaluated from kinetic measurements. The kinetic parameters in the studied media are related to the influence of the cosolvents on the solvation spheres of the reactants and activated complex.  相似文献   

5.
As a part of our studies on crystallization processes of electrolytes, the structure of aqueous solutions of MCl2 (M = Mn, Co, Ni) equilibrated with hydrate crystals, MCl2 · mH2O (m = 6, 4, 2), was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction at 25, 40, 55, and 70°C. The complexes formed in MnCl2 solutions, were found to be mixed–ligand chloroaqua octahedral complexes of M2+ ions with the Mn—O and Mn—Cl distances of about 220 and 251 pm, respectively. The average number of Mn—Cl and Mn—O interactions increased from 1.2 to 1.9 and decreased from 4.8 to 4.1, respectively, with changing MnCl2 solutions from Mn25 (MnCl2 solution at 25°C) to Mn70 (MnCl2 solution at 70°C). In the octahedral species of Co2+, the Co—O and Co—Cl distances were found to be about 211 and 240 pm, respectively. With an increase in the saturated concentration by changing temperature from 25 to 70°C, the average coordination number of the Co—Cl contact per Co2+ increased from 0.5 to 1.2, and the average number of Co—O interactions decreased from 5.5 to 4.8. The structural analysis was carried out by taking into consideration the existence of the tetrahedral species in the solutions saturated at 40, 55, and 70°C, on the assumption of the existence of [CoCl4]2–. The Co—Cl distance was found to be 228 pm, while the number of Co—Cl interactions in the [CoCl4] complex was calculated to be 3.7 by the least-squares calculations. The Ni—O and Ni—Cl distances were estimated to be about 206 and 237 pm, respectively. The frequency factor n of the Ni—O and Ni—Cl interactions decreased monotonously from 5.6 to 5.0 and increased from 0.4 to 1.0, respectively, with increasing NiCl2 concentration. The n values of the Co—Cl and Ni—Cl interactions of the octahedral complexes increased sharply with concentration at higher concentrations. Comparing structures of the complexes in the saturated solutions and the hydrate crystals of these metal ions, we discussed a role of the complexing species on crystallization of the hydrates.  相似文献   

6.
The rates of the acid hydrolysis of potassium ethyl malonate in presence of KCl, NaCl, Li2SO4 and MgSO4 in water and in 50% by weight of dioxane—water mixture were measured. The concentration of the added salts covered the range 0–1M. A negative salt effect on the rate of the half-ester hydrolysis was observed. The applicability ofBrønsted's equation was tested and deviations found were explained as due among other reasons, to the operation of an iondipole type of interaction. The correlation between the hydration numbers as well as the radii of the cations of the added electrolytes and the reaction rate were discussed. The activation energy was found to increase with an increase of the concentration of electrolyte due to the relative changes in solvation of the transition state as a result of hydration of the electrolytes added. The thermodynamic properties of the activated complex were calculated and discussed as functions of the salt concentration. A remarkable linear compensation between H and S was found.
Der kinetische Salz-Effekt bei der sauren Hydrolyse von Kaliumethylmalonat in Wasser und in 50% Dioxan—Wasser
Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Kinetik der Hydrolyse von Kaliumethylmalonat in Gegenwart von KCl, NaCl, Li2SO4 und MgSO4 (jeweils 0–1M) in Wasser und in 50% (w/w) Dioxan—Wasser untersucht. Es wurde ein negativer Salz-Effekt bezüglich der Hydrolysegeschwindigkeit des Halbesters beobachtet. Es werden sowohl Korrelationen zwischen Hydratationszahlen bzw. Ionenradien und der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, als auch zwischen Aktivierungsenergie und Elektrolytkonzentration diskutiert. Die thermodynamischen Parameter werden als Funktion der Salzkonzentration untersucht.
  相似文献   

7.
Summary A kinetic study is reported on the substitutions: FoPdX+YFoPdY+X (H2Fo=l-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diphenylformazan) with X=NH3 and py and Y = thiourea, tetramethylthiourea, triphenylphosphine and the thiocyanate ion, in seven nonaqueous pure solvents. Under pseudo first-order conditions a two-term rate-law is obeyed: k(obs)= k1+k2 [Y]. The results in terms of reactivity pattern and solvent effects on initial and transition states are very similar to the ones found for the analogous substitutions at platinum(II). The rate of solvolysis (k1) is determined by the donor number of the solvent and is not related to the transfer free energy of solvation of the substrate. Nonspecific solvation effects dominate. The entropy of activation for the direct nucleophilic displacement, FoPdNH3+Ph3P, is found to lie between –110 and –20 JK–1 mol–1, indicating the associative character of the substitutions. The named reaction exhibits an isokinetic relationship in the various solvents. In spite of that, an initial state — transition state — final state comparison shows the position of the transition state on the reaction coordinate to be solvent dependent. The importance of charge transfer from the donor solvent to the metal ion in determining the Gibbs free energy of the transition state is emphasized.  相似文献   

8.
Photochromic 2-(N-acyl-N-arylaminomethylene)benzo[b]thiophen-3(2H)-ones containing ortho-substituents in the N-phenyl ring were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was established that these compounds have stable chiral structures due to hindered rotation of the phenyl ring around the C—N bond. The energy barrier to racemization evaluated by dynamic NMR spectroscopy is G # 428 K = 98 kJ mol–1.  相似文献   

9.
The molecular structure of 1,3,5-tris (trimethylstannyl) benzene has been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction. The C — C bond length is in good agreement with that in benzene. In agreement with the somewhat electron-releasing character of the substituents, the endocyclic bond angles at the substituents are somewhat smaller than 120°. The mean value of Sn — C bond lengths is greater than that in tetraphenyltin and tetramethyltin. The SnMe3 groups appear freely rotating around the Caryl — Sn bonds. The following bond lengths (r g) and bond angles were determined: (Sn — C)mean 2.150 ± 0.007 Å, C — C 1.399 ± 0.005 Å, (C — H)mean 1.105 ± 0.006 Å, < C — C(Sn) — C 117.7 ± 1.7º, < Caryl — Sn — Cmethyl 106.7 ± 0.7º < Sn — C — H 111.5 ± 0.9º.  相似文献   

10.
Phosphine sulfides and their gold(I) complexes with general formula R3P=S—Au—X (X = Cl, Br or CN) were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, i.r. and 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy. A decrease in the i.r. frequency of the P=S bond in the ligands upon complexation, is indicative of S coordination to gold (I). The 31P-n.m.r. spectra revealed that electronegativity of the substituents and angles between them were the two most important factors influencing the 31P-n.m.r. chemical shifts. The phosphorus resonance was observed to be more downfield in alkyl substituted phosphine sulfides as compared to the aryl substituted phosphine sulfides. Ligand scrambling in the Cy3P=S—Au—CN complex in solution, to form [(Cy3P=S)2Au]+ and [Au(CN)2], was investigated by 13C and 15N-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Equilibrium constants (K eq) for scrambling of the Cy3P=S—Au—CN complex and for its analogue, Cy3P=Se—Au—CN were measured by integrating the 13C-n.m.r. at 297 K and were found to be 0.147 and 1.81 respectively.  相似文献   

11.
Poly(2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine) is sulfurized with elemental sulfur at 140—320 °C to release hydrogen sulfide and to give black lustrous powders (sulfur content up to 45%) possessing electric conductivity (6.4·10–11—1.6·10–7 S cm–1), paramagnetism (spin concentration 6.2·1018—5.0·1019 sp g–1, g = 2.0043—2.0046, H = 0.49—0.58 mT), and redox and complex-forming properties. Elemental analysis data, IR, ESR, and mass spectra, DSC and TGA data, electric conductivity, electrochemical activity and chemical properties (salt formation and complexation) of the materials synthesized correspond to cross-liked poly(6-methyl-5-sulfanylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-4-thione), poly(thieno[2,3-b]azepine-4,5(6H)-dithione), and related structures.  相似文献   

12.
Lithium and sodium tris(trimethylsilyl)silanolates were obtained by the reaction of tris(trimethylsilyl)silanol with BunLi or PriONa in hexane. The degree of association of silanolates in benzene solution was found to be 2 and 4 for the sodium and lithium derivatives, respectively. (Me3Si)3SiONa is noticeably more active than the lithium derivative in the reaction with Me3SiCl. Tris(trimethylsilyl)silanol reacts with trimethylchlorosilane to give (Me3Si)3SiCl. The hydrolysis of (Me3Si)3SiONa (Li) in benzene and hexane yields the corresponding silanol, whereas in HMPA the splitting of Si-Si bonds and hydrogen evolution were observed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1146–1149, June, 1995.This work was carried out with financial support from the International Scientific and Technical Center (Project No 015-94).  相似文献   

13.
The N—H and O—H bond dissociation energies in 4-hydroxydiphenylamine Ph—NH—C6H4—OH (D NH= 353.4, D OH=339.3 kJ mol–1) and its semiquinone radicals D NH(Ph—NH—C6H4—O·) = 273.6, D OH(Ph—N·—C6H4—OH) = 259.5 kJ mol–1 were first estimated using the parabolic model and experimental data (rate constants) on two elementary reactions with participation of N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinonemonoimine (2). One of the reactions, namely, that of 2 with aromatic amines, was studied in this work using a specially developed method.  相似文献   

14.
The reaction between CrVI and 12-tungstocobaltate(II) was carried out in 2.0 mol dm–3 HCl and followed a simple second order rate law. The reaction was catalysed by hydrogen ion due to the formation of active H2CrO4 and was inhibited by chloride ion as, in its presence, conversion of the active species into inactive chlorochromate occurs. Chromium(V) and chromium(IV) were generated in situ by the use of CrVI—VIV or CrVI—2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid and CrVI—i-PrOH reactions respectively, and the oxidation of 12-tungstocobaltate(II) by these atypical oxidation states, was also studied. The rate constants for the oxidation of 12-tungstocobaltate(II) by CrVI, CrV and CrIV were found to be in the ratio 1:1.2:5.2 respectively. The ionic strength did not affect the reaction, while decrease in the solvent polarity increased the rate of the reaction. The activation parameters were also determined and the values H , G and S were found to be 52.4 ± 6 kJ mol–1, 100.8 ± 7 kJ mol–1, –151.7 ± 10 J K–1 mol–1 respectively, supporting the mechanism proposed.  相似文献   

15.
The potential functions of internal rotation about the C2 sp—S bonds for C6H5XCY3 species (X = SO or SO2, Y = H or F) have been obtained at the MP2 (full)/6-31+G(d) level of ab initio theory. It is found that the spatial structures with the plane of C2 sp—S—C3 sp bonds, which is near perpendicular to the benzene ring plane, are the energy-favourable conformations. The values of the rotational barrier about the C2 sp—S bond are equal to (kJ/mole): 21.2 (C6H5SOCH3), 29.0 (C6H5SOCF3), 20.4 (C6H5SO2CH3), and 28.2 (C6H5SO2CF3). On the basis of the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis results, it has been revealed that the double S=O bond is a strongly polarized covalent -bond, whereas -bond electrons practically are localized on the oxygen atom. The S=O bond order for aromatic sulfoxides and sulphones is mainly caused by hyperconjugational interactions according to the LP(O) *(S—Cipso) and LP(O) *(S—C Y ) mechanisms. In sulphones there is also the additional mechanism of hyperconjugational interactions such as LP(O1 *(S—O2) and LP(O2) *(S—O1). With the replacement of one hydrogen atom on the —XCY3 group, the charge loss of the unsubstituted benzene molecule increases: —SOCH3 < —SO2CH3 < — SOCF3 < —SO2CF3. The substitution of the —CH3 group for the —CF3 group weakly influences the charge value on the sulfur atom but effects the acceptor characteristics of the substituent to a greater extent than the variation of the sulfur atom coordination.  相似文献   

16.
Summary The reaction of trans-[Tcv(OH)(O)(DMPE)2]2+ (DMPE = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) with a series of arenethiols in base produces the novel complexes cis-[TcIII-(SC6H4X-p)2 (DMPE)2]+ for X = H, Cl, Me, OMe, t-Bu. One of the complexes has been characterized by X-ray crystallography: cis-[Tc(SPh)2(DMPE)2]PF6, chemical formula Tc1S2P5F6C24H42, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P21nb with Z = 4 and lattice parameters a = 9.311(1) Å, b=11.190(2) Å, c = 31.936(4) Å, Vol = 3327.3(8) Å3. The final weighted R-value was 0.033. Averaged structural parameters are Tc—S = 2.29(2) Å, Tc—P (trans to P) = 2.42(1) Å, Tc—P (trans to S) = 2.49(3) Å, Tc—S—C = 118.5(5)°. The complexes have been characterized by FAB mass spectrometry and u.v.-vis. spectroscopy. The visible region charge transfer bands are diagnostic for cis geometry in the [Tc(SR)2(DMPE)2]+ complexes. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements show reversible TcIII/II redox couples in the range -0.19V to -0.38V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl). Irreversible couples are exhibited at ca. -1.1 V to -1.2 V for TcII/I and +0.7V to +0.9V for TcIV/III. Variation in redox potential is discussed in terms of sulphur nucleophilicity.On leave from the Department of Chemistry, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.On leave from Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Universita' di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2-Sassari, Italy.  相似文献   

17.
Two cyano-bridged assemblies, [FeIII(salpn)]2[FeII(CN)5NO] (1) and [FeIII (salpn)]2[NiII(CN)4] (2) [salpn = N, N-1,2-propylenebis(salicylideneiminato)dianion], have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. In each complex, [Fe(CN)5NO]2– or [Ni(CN)4]2– coordinates with four [Fe(salpn)]+ cations using four co-planar CN ligands, whereas each [Fe(salpn)]+ links two [Fe(CN)5NO]2– or [Ni(CN)4]2– ions in the trans form, which results in a two-dimensional (2D) network consisting of pillow-like octanuclear [—MII—CN—FeIII—NC—]4 units (M = Fe or Ni). In complex (1), the NO group of [Fe(CN)5NO]2– remains monodentate and the bond angle of FeII—N—O is 180.0°. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities, measured in the 5–300 K range, show weak intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions in both complexes with the intramolecular iron(III)iron(III) exchange integrals of –0.017 cm–1 for (1) and –0.020 cm–1 for (2), respectively.  相似文献   

18.
Reactions of the platinum(IV) nitrile complexes [PtCl4(RCN)2] (R = Me, CH2Ph, Ph) with 1,2- and 1,4-PhS(=NH)C6H4SPh in CH2Cl2 afforded addition products of sulfimides and coordinated nitriles, viz., the [PtCl4{NH=C(R)N=S(Ph)(C6H4SPh)}2] complexes. The latter were isolated in 75—90% yields and characterized by elemental analysis, positive-ion FAB mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C1H NMR spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the 1H NMR spectra of the model [PtCl4{NH=C(R)N=SPh2}2] complexes (R = Me, Et) in CD2Cl2 studied in a temperature range from +40 to -70 °C demonstrated that EZ isomerization of the ligands is a dynamic process in a range from +40 to -10 °C. The activation free energy of this process was calculated.Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1618–1622, August, 2004.  相似文献   

19.
Reduction of the binuclear PdII complexes Pd2(OCOR)2(o-CH2C6H4—NO)2 (1) and Pd2(OCOR)2(o-PhN—C6H4—NO)2 (2) (where R = Me, CF3, But, or Ph) by sodium borohydride, an ethanolic solution of KOH, or molecular hydrogen was examined. The first stage of reduction was demonstrated to afford metallic palladium and aromatic amines, viz., o-toluidine o-Me—C6H4—NH2 from complex 1 and aniline Ph—NH2 from complex 2. The reactions with molecular hydrogen involve deeper stages to yield cyclic ketones (o-methylcyclohexanone and cyclohexanone) and then cycloalkanes (methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane, respectively). The latter reactions are accompanied by elimination of N2. The mechanism of reduction of complexes 1 and 2 with molecular hydrogen was proposed.  相似文献   

20.
Yuan  Ai-Hua  Lu  Lu-De  Shen  Xiao-Ping  Chen  Li-Zhuang  Yu  Kai-Bei 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2003,28(2):163-167
A cyanide-bridged FeIII–FeII mixed-valence assembly, [FeIII(salen)]2[FeII(CN)5NO] [salen = N,N-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)dianion], prepared by slow diffusion of an aqueous solution of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] · 2H2O and a MeOH solution of [Fe(salen)NO3] in an H tube, has been characterized by X-ray structure analysis, i.r. spectra and magnetic measurements. The product assumes a two-dimensional network structure consisting of pillow-like octanuclear [—FeII—CN—FeIII—NC—]4 units with dimensions: FeII—C = 1.942(7) Å, C—N = 1.139(9) Å, FeIII—N = 2.173(6) Å, FeII—C—N = 178.0(6)°, FeIII—N—C = 163.4(6)°. The FeII—N—O bond angle is linear (180.0°). The variable temperature magnetic susceptibility, measured in the 4.8–300 K range, indicates the presence of a weak intralayer antiferromagnetic interaction and gives an FeIII–FeIII exchange integral of –0.033 cm–1.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号