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1.
Fabrication and functionalization of hydrogels from well‐defined dendron‐polymer‐dendron conjugates is accomplished using sequential radical thiol‐ene “click” reactions. The dendron‐polymer conjugates were synthesized using an azide‐alkyne “click” reaction of alkene‐containing polyester dendrons bearing an alkyne group at their focal point with linear poly(ethylene glycol)‐bisazides. Thiol‐ene “click” reaction was used for crosslinking these alkene functionalized dendron‐polymer conjugates using a tetrathiol‐based crosslinker to provide clear and transparent hydrogels. Hydrogels with residual alkene groups at crosslinking sites were obtained by tuning the alkene‐thiol stoichiometry. The residual alkene groups allow efficient postfunctionalization of these hydrogel matrices with thiol‐containing molecules via a subsequent radical thiol‐ene reaction. The photochemical nature of radical thiol‐ene reaction was exploited to fabricate micropatterned hydrogels. Tunability of functionalization of these hydrogels, by varying dendron generation and polymer chain length was demonstrated by conjugation of a thiol‐containing fluorescent dye. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 926–934  相似文献   

2.
We present the synthesis of nonsymmetric α‐ω‐functionalized polyisobutylenes (PIBs) bearing different functional moieties on their chain ends. Thus, on one chain end either, a short tri‐ethylene oxide chain (TEO) or a phosphine oxide ligand is attached, whereas the other chain end is substituted by hydrogen bonding moieties (thymine/2,6‐diaminotriazine). The nonsymmetric PIBs were synthesized via living cationic polymerization using methyl‐styrene epoxide as initiator, followed by quenching reaction with 3‐bromopropyl‐benzene. Subsequent bromide/azide exchange and the use of the azide/alkyne click reaction allowed the synthesis of (a) (α)‐TEO‐(ω)‐thymine‐telechelic PIB ( 7a ), (b) (α)‐triethyleneoxide‐(ω)‐triazine telechelic PIB ( 7b ), and (c) (α)‐phosphinoxide‐(ω)‐thymine‐telechelic PIB ( 13 ) with molecular weights Mn ~ 4000 g mol?1 and low polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.3). The chemical identity of the final structures was proven by extensive 1H NMR investigations and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectroscopy (MALDI). The presented method for the first time offers a simple and highly versatile approach toward supramolecular nonsymmetric α‐ω‐functionalized PIB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   

3.
The successful encapsulation of reactive components for the azide/alkyne‐“click”‐reaction is reported featuring for the first time the use of a liquid polymer as reactive component. A liquid, azido‐telechelic three‐arm star poly(isobutylene) ( = 3900 g · mol−1) as well as trivalent alkynes were encapsulated into micron‐sized capsules and embedded into a polymer‐matrix (high‐molecular weight poly(isobutylene), = 250 000 g · mol−1). Using (CuIBr(PPh3)3) as catalyst for the azide/alkyne‐“click”‐reaction, crosslinking of the two components at 40 °C is observed within 380 min and as fast as 10 min at 80 °C. Significant recovery of the tensile storage modulus was observed in a material containing 10 wt.‐% and accordingly 5 wt.‐% capsules including the reactive components within 5 d at room temperature, thus proving a new concept for materials with self‐healing properties.

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4.
The graft copolymers composed of “Y”‐shaped polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)2 (PS‐b‐PEO2) as side chains and hyperbranched poly(glycerol) (HPG) as core were synthesized by a combination of “click” chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via “graft from” and “graft onto” strategies. Firstly, macroinitiators HPG‐Br were obtained by esterification of hydroxyl groups on HPG with bromoisobutyryl bromide, and then by “graft from” strategy, graft copolymers HPG‐g‐(PS‐Br) were synthesized by ATRP of St and further HPG‐g‐(PS‐N3) were prepared by azidation with NaN3. Then, the precursors (Bz‐PEO)2‐alkyne with a single alkyne group at the junction point and an inert benzyl group at each end was synthesized by sequentially ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of EO using 3‐[(1‐ethoxyethyl)‐ethoxyethyl]‐1,2‐propanediol (EEPD) and diphenylmethylpotassium (DPMK) as coinitiator, termination of living polymeric species by benzyl bromide, recovery of protected hydroxyl groups by HCl and modification by propargyl bromide. Finally, the “click” chemistry was conducted between HPG‐g‐(PS‐N3) and (Bz‐PEO)2‐alkyne in the presence of N,N,N′,N″,N”‐pentamethyl diethylenetriamine (PMDETA)/CuBr system by “graft onto” strategy, and the graft copolymers were characterized by SEC, 1H NMR and FTIR in details. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010  相似文献   

5.
A new strategy for the one‐pot preparation of ABA‐type block‐graft copolymers via a combination of Cu‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” chemistry with atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC) reaction was reported. First, sequential ring‐opening polymerization of 4‐glycidyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (GTEMPO) and 1‐ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether provided a backbone with pendant TEMPO and ethoxyethyl‐protected hydroxyl groups, the hydroxyl groups could be recovered by hydrolysis and then esterified with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide, the bromide groups were converted into azide groups via treatment with NaN3. Subsequently, bromine‐containing poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA‐Br) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Alkyne‐containing polystyrene (PS‐alkyne) was prepared by capping polystyryl‐lithium with ethylene oxide and subsequent modification by propargyl bromide. Finally, the CuAAC and ATNRC reaction proceeded simultaneously between backbone and PtBA‐Br, PS‐alkyne. The effects of catalyst systems on one‐pot reaction were discussed. The block‐graft copolymers and intermediates were characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR, and FT‐IR in detail. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010  相似文献   

6.
This article describes the reaction of amino resins with functional molecules using the azide/alkyne‐“click”‐reaction, opening a simple chemical modification of amino resins under aqueous conditions. Alkyne‐modified melamine‐formaldehyde resins are prepared via a direct cocondensation approach using propargylic alcohol (21.6–86.3 mmol) as additive. Subsequently, alkyne‐modified mono‐, bi‐, and trinuclear melamine‐species are identified via LC‐ESI‐TOF methods proving the covalent incorporation of alkyne‐moieties in amounts of up to 3.9 mol %. Subsequent modification of the alkyne‐modified resins was accomplished by reaction of functional azides (octyl azide (1), (azidomethyl)benzene (2), 1‐(6‐azidohexyl) thymine (3), and 4‐azido‐N‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)benzamide (4)) with Cu(I)Br and DIPEA as a base. The formation of triazolyl‐modified MF‐resins was proven by LC‐ESI‐TOF methods, indicating the successful covalent modification of the amino resin with the azides 1 – 4 . © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010  相似文献   

7.
Biodegradable and biocompatible PCL‐g‐PEG amphiphilic graft copolymers were prepared by combination of ROP and “click” chemistry via “graft onto” method under mild conditions. First, chloro‐functionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐Cl) was synthesized by the ring‐opening copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone (CL) and α‐chloro‐ε‐caprolactone (CCL) employing scandium triflate as high‐efficient catalyst with near 100% monomer conversion. Second, the chloro groups of PCL‐Cl were quantitatively converted into azide form by NaN3. Finally, copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction was carried out between azide‐functionalized PCL (PCL‐N3) and alkyne‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (A‐PEG) to give PCL‐g‐PEG amphiphilic graft copolymers. The composition and the graft architecture of the copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC analyses. These amphiphilic graft copolymers could self‐assemble into sphere‐like aggregates in aqueous solution with diverse diameters, which decreased with the increasing of grafting density. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012  相似文献   

8.
The synthesis of ABC triblock copolymers were accomplished by Cu(0)‐catalyzed one‐pot strategy combining single electron transfer‐nitroxide radical coupling (SET‐NRC) reaction with “click” chemistry. First, the precursors α,ω‐heterofunctionalized poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) group and an alkyne group, polystyrene (PS), and poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) with bromine or azide end group were designed and synthesized, respectively. Then, the one‐pot coupling reactions between these precursors were carried out in the system of Cu(0)/Me6TREN: The SET‐NRC reaction between bromine group and nitroxide radical group, subsequently click coupling between azide and alkyne group. It was noticeable that Cu(I) generated from Cu(0) by SET mechanism was utilized to catalyze click chemistry. To estimate the effect of Cu(0) on the one‐pot reaction, a comparative analysis was performed in presence of different Cu(0) species. The result showed that Cu(0) with more active surface area could accelerate the one‐pot reaction significantly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   

9.
Well‐defined macromolecular brushes with poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) side chains on random copolymer backbones were synthesized by “grafting from” approach based on click chemistry and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To prepare macromolecular brushes, two linear random copolymers of 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (HEMA‐TMS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (poly(MMA‐co‐HEMA‐TMS)) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and were subsequently derivated to azide‐containing polymers. Novel alkyne‐terminated RAFT chain transfer agent (CTA) was grafted to polymer backbones by copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (azide‐alkyne click chemistry), and macro‐RAFT CTAs were obtained. PNIPAM side chains were prepared by RAFT polymerization. The macromolecular brushes have well‐defined structures, controlled molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≦ 1.23). The RAFT polymerization of NIPAM exhibited pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and a linear molecular weight dependence on monomer conversion, and no detectable termination was observed in the polymerization. The macromolecular brushes can self‐assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 443–453, 2010  相似文献   

10.
The star graft copolymers composed of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) as core and well defined asymmetric mixed “V‐shaped” identical polystyrene (PS) and poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) as side chains were synthesized via the “click” chemistry. The V‐shaped side chain bearing a “clickable” alkyne group at the conjunction point of two blocks was first prepared through the combination of anionic polymerization of styrene (St) and atom transfer radical polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) monomer, and then “click” chemistry was conducted between the alkyne groups on the side chains and azide groups on HPG core. The obtained star graft copolymers and intermediates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), GPC equipped with a multiangle laser‐light scattering detector (GPC‐MALLS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1308–1316, 2009  相似文献   

11.
Novel biodegradable amphiphilic graft copolymers containing hydrophobic poly(ester‐carbonate) backbone and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains were synthesized by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization and “click” chemistry. First, the ring‐opening copolymerization of 5,5‐dibromomethyl trimethylene carbonate (DBTC) and ε‐caprolactone (CL) was performed in the presence of stannous octanoate [Sn(Oct)2] as catalyst, resulting in poly(DBTC‐co‐CL) with pendant bromo groups. Then the pendant bromo groups were completely converted into azide form, which permitted “click” reaction with alkyne‐terminated PEG by Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions to give amphiphilic biodegradable graft copolymers. The graft copolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectra and gel permeation chromatography measurements, which confirmed the well‐defined graft architecture. These copolymers could self‐assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. The size and morphologies of the copolymer micelles were measured by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, which are influenced by the length of PEG and grafting density. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.  相似文献   

12.
The first example of core cross‐linked star (CCS) polyrotaxane was prepared using the poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) CCS three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold. The 3D CCS polymer was firstly prepared through the “arm‐first” approach. Then, the “arms” of the resultant PCL CCS polymer were threaded with α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs). The threaded α‐CDs were permanently locked by the “click” reaction of terminal alkyne functionalities of the star polymers with the azide‐functionalized end caps to afford the CCS polyrotaxanes. All analytical results confirm the formation of the CCS polyrotaxanes and reveal their characteristics, including fluorescence under UV, a channel‐type crystalline structure, a two‐step thermal decomposition, and a unique core‐shell structure in great contrast to the polymer precursors.  相似文献   

13.
Reported here is a novel approach toward efficient preparation of well‐defined cylindrical brushes polymer (CBPs) with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains connected to the linear backbone by interfacial “click” chemistry in two immiscible solvents. The CBPs with high grafting density of more than 95% and molecular polydispersity (Mw/Mn) less than 1.12 can be readily synthesized using present approach. On contrary, the CBPs synthesized from the “click” reaction in a single solvent in homogenous state have low grafting density of less than 55% and molecular polydispersity (Mw/Mn) more than 1.78. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   

14.
A cyclic initiator for the nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization (NMP) is a powerful tool for the preparation of macrocyclic polymers via a ring‐expansion vinyl polymerization mechanism. For this purpose, we prepared a Hawker‐type NMP‐initiator that includes an azide and a terminal alkyne as an acyclic precursor, which is subsequently tethered via an intramolecular azide/alkyne‐“click”‐reaction, producing the final cyclic NMP‐initiator. The polymerization reactions of styrene with cyclic initiator were demonstrated and the resultant polymers were characterized by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). These results prove that the ring‐expansion polymerization of styrene occurred together with the radical ring‐crossover reactions originating from the exchange of the inherent nitroxides generating macrocyclic polystyrenes with higher expanded rings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3402–3416, 2010  相似文献   

15.
We have synthesized a “universal ligand” incorporating a phosphonate surface anchor and a terminal alkyne moiety which binds to TiO2 nanoparticles and exhibits excellent dispersity in organic solvents. The alkyne functionality permits attachment of azide terminated polymer shells using “click” chemistry. Thus TiO2 core nanoparticles have been encapsulated with both polystyrene and poly(t‐butyl acrylate) shells. The TiO2‐poly(t‐butyl acrylate) core shell nanoparticles are amenable to further chemical transformation into TiO2‐poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles through ester hydrolysis. These TiO2‐polyacrylic acid nanoparticles are dispersible in aqueous solution. The resulting core‐shell nanoparticles have been incorporated as high K dielectric films in capacitor and organic thin film transistor devices and are promising new materials for flexible electronics applications.

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16.
The synthesis and melt rheology of supramolecular poly(isobutylene) polymers bearing statistically distributed hydrogen‐bonding moieties is reported, aiming at understanding the formation of the underlying supramolecular networks for self‐healing polymers. Two different hydrogen bonds were incorporated into a poly(isobutylene) (PIB) copolymer, one based on a (weak) pyridinium/pyridine interaction, the other based on a (stronger) 2,6‐diaminotriazine/thymine interaction. A direct copolymerization based on living cationic polymerization of isobutene and the comonomers 1 , 2 , and 4 in amounts of 1 mol % lead to the copolymers PIB‐ 1 , PIB‐ 2 , and PIB‐ 4 with a content of ~1 mol % of comonomer and molecular weights ranging from ~2000 to 19,000 g mol?1 (Mw/Mn ~ 1.2–1.5). Subsequent azide/alkyne “click” chemistry enabled the attachment of 2,6‐diaminotriazine‐ and thymine‐moieties to yield the copolymers PIB‐ 5 , PIB‐ 6 , and PIB‐ 7 . Proof of the statistical incorporation of ~1 mol % of hydrogen‐bonding moieties was achieved by 1H NMR spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization measurements. The true presence of a supramolecular network in PIB‐ 1 (pyridinium/pyridine interaction) as well as with 1/1 blends of PIBs interacting via the 2,6‐diaminotriazine/thymine interaction (PIB‐ 5 /PIB‐ 6 ) was proven via the increasing plateau modulus with increasing molecular weights (5.5k, 9.9k, 12.4k, 16k, and 19k). Dynamics of the hydrogen bonds in the melt state was investigated by determining the effective cluster lifetime ( τ ) observing a clear difference in the (weaker) pyridinium/pyridine interaction ( τ ~ 1 s) to the 2,6‐ (stronger) diamintriazine/thymine interaction ( τ ~ 100 s). The so‐generated materials will be useful as a basis for self‐healing polymers, as dynamics plays a major role in such polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012  相似文献   

17.
Well‐defined linear furan‐protected maleimide‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐MI), tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐terminated poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐TEMPO), and azide‐terminated polystyrene (PS‐N3) or ‐poly(N‐butyl oxanorbornene imide) (PONB‐N3) were ligated to an orthogonally functionalized core ( 1 ) in a two‐step reaction mode through triple click reactions. In a first step, Diels–Alder click reaction of PEG‐MI with 1 was performed in toluene at 110 °C for 24 h to afford α‐alkyne‐α‐bromide‐terminated PEG (PEG‐alkyne/Br). As a second step, this precursor was subsequently ligated with the PCL‐TEMPO and PS‐N3 or PONB‐N3 in N,N‐dimethylformamide at room temperature for 12 h catalyzed by Cu(0)/Cu(I) through copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition and nitroxide radical coupling click reactions, yield resulting ABC miktoarm star polymers in a one‐pot mode. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012  相似文献   

18.
A method was developed for the synthesis of arborescent polystyrene by “click” coupling. Acetylene functionalities were introduced on linear polystyrene (Mn = 5300 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.05) by acetylation and reaction with potassium hydroxide, 18‐crown‐6 and propargyl bromide in toluene. Polymerization of styrene with 6‐tert‐butyldimethylsiloxyhexyllithium yielded polystyrene (Mn = 5200 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.09) with a protected hydroxyl chain end. Deprotection, followed by conversions to tosyl and azide functionalities, provided the side chain material. Coupling with CuBr and N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine proceeded in up to 94% yield. Repetition of the grafting cycles led to well‐defined (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.1) polymers of generations G1 and G2 in 84% and 60% yield, respectively, with Mn and branching functionalities reaching 2.8 × 106 g/mol and 460, respectively, for the G2 polymer. Coupling longer (Mn = 45,000 g/mol) side chains with acetylene‐functionalized substrates was also examined. For a linear substrate, a G0 polymer with Mn = 4.6 × 105 g/mol and Mw/Mn = 1.10 was obtained in 87% yield; coupling with the G0 (Mn = 52,000 g/mol) substrate produced a G1 polymer (Mn = 1.4×106 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.38) in 28% yield. The complementary approach using azide‐functionalized substrates and acetylene‐terminated side chains was also investigated, but proceeded in lower yield. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1730–1740  相似文献   

19.
A facile synthetic route for the preparation of dicationic ethylene glycol based‐ionic liquids (ILs) via the azide/alkyne “click” reaction is presented. The copper(I) catalyzed, microwave‐assisted azide/alkyne “click” reaction between diazido‐ethylene glycols and the corresponding alkyne containing IL‐head group enables a simple preparation of different sets of poly(ethylene glycol)‐based ILs. Beside tetra‐ and hexa(ethylene glycol)‐based ILs, also oligomeric (Mn = 400 g/mol) and polymeric ILs (Mn up to 1550 g/mol) could be prepared in good yield and with full conversion of the ionic head group. The prepared ILs were extensively characterized via NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy, revealing the formation of multiply charged ions in the negative mode. Thermal stability proved to be exceptionally high (up to 300 °C) together with low glass‐transition temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013  相似文献   

20.
Synthesis of cysteine‐terminated linear polystyrene (PS)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/or poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)(PtBA)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers was carried out using sequential quadruple click reactions including thiol‐ene, copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels–Alder, and nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) reactions. N‐acetyl‐L ‐cysteine methyl ester was first clicked with α‐allyl‐ω‐azide‐terminated PS via thiol‐ene reaction to create α‐cysteine‐ω‐azide‐terminated PS. Subsequent CuAAC reaction with PCL, followed by the introduction of the PMMA/or PtBA and PEG blocks via Diels–Alder and NRC, respectively, yielded final cysteine‐terminated multiblock copolymers. By 1H NMR spectroscopy, the DPns of the blocks in the final multiblock copolymers were found to be close to those of the related polymer precursors, indicating that highly efficient click reactions occurred for polymer–polymer coupling. Successful quadruple click reactions were also confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012  相似文献   

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