Generalized matrix near-rings

Let R be a right near-ring with identity. The k×k matrix near-ring over R, Mat_k(R R), as defined by Meldrum and van der Walt, regards R as a left mod-ule over R. Let M be any faithful left R-module. Using the action of R on M, a generalized k×k matrix near-ring, Mat_k(R M), is defined. It is seen that Mat_k(R M) has many of the features of Mat_k(R R). Differences be-tween the two classes of near-rings are shown. In spe- cial cases there are relationships between Mat_k(R M) and Mat_k(R R). Generalized matrix near-rings Mat_k(R M) arise as the “right near-ring” of finite centraiizer near-rings of the form M _A{G)> where G is a finite group and A is a fixed point free automorphism group on G.     

2-affine complete algebras need not be affine complete

For each we exhibit a finite algebra R _k such that R _k is k-affine complete, but not (k+1)-affine complete; this means that every k-ary congruence preserving function on R _k lies in , but there is a (k +1)-ary congruence preserving function of R _k that does not lie in . Received September 27, 2001; accepted in final form February 9, 2002.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-Spaces and <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis></Subscript>-Spaces

In this note we study the relation between k _R -spaces and k-spaces and prove that a k _R -space with a σ-hereditarily closure-preserving k-network consisting of compact subsets is a k-space, and that a k _R -space with a point-countable k-network consisting of compact subsets need not be a k-space. This work was supported by the NSF of China (10271056).     

Bicolored Matchings in Some Classes of Graphs

We consider the problem of finding in a graph a set R of edges to be colored in red so that there are maximum matchings having some prescribed numbers of red edges. For regular bipartite graphs with n nodes on each side, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of a set R with |R|=n+1 such that perfect matchings with k red edges exist for all k,0≤k≤n. Given two integers p<q we also determine the minimum cardinality of a set R of red edges such that there are perfect matchings with p red edges and with q red edges. For 3-regular bipartite graphs, we show that if p≤4 there is a set R with |R|=p for which perfect matchings M_k exist with |M_k∩R|≤k for all k≤p. For trees we design a linear time algorithm to determine a minimum set R of red edges such that there exist maximum matchings with k red edges for the largest possible number of values of k.     

A result about determinantal divisors

Let Rbe a principal ideal ringR_n the ring of n× nmatrices over R, and d_k (A) the kth determinantal divisor of Afor 1 ? k? n, where Ais any element of R_n , It is shown that if A,BεR_n , det(A) det(B:) ≠ 0, then d_k (AB) ≡ 0 mod d_k (A) d_k (B). If in addition (det(A), det(B)) = 1, then it is also shown that d_k (AB) = d_k (A) d_k (B). This provides a new proof of the multiplicativity of the Smith normal form for matrices with relatively prime determinants.     

The Poincaré series of a local Gorenstein ring of multiplicity up to 10 is rational

Let R be a local, Gorenstein ring with algebraically closed residue field k of characteristic 0 and let P _R (z):= Σ _p=0^∞ dim _k (Tor _p ^R (k, k))z ^p be its Poincaré series. We compute P _R when R belongs to a particular class defined in the Introduction, proving its rationality. As a by-product we prove the rationality of P _R for all local, Gorenstein rings of multiplicity at most 10.     

A note on k-th commutators in an associative ring

Il commutatorek-esimo dix, y in un anelloR è definito induttivamente da: [x, y]₁=[x, y]=xy−yx and [x, y] _k =[[x, y] _k−1 ,y]. Sia oraR un anello libero da 2-torsione e senza ideali destri nil non nulli. Si prova che se [[a, b], [c, d]] _k è nilpotente, per ogni scelta dia, b, c, d inR, alloraR è commutativo, se [[a, b], [c, d]] _k ha potenze nel centro diR alloraR soddisfa l'identità standard di grado 4. Inoltre si caratterizzano gli anelli in cui [[a, b], [c, d]] _k è nilpotente o regolare per ogni scelta dia, b, c, d inR.      

Skew Derivations and Engel Conditions

It is known that for a nonzero derivation d of a prime ring R, if a nonzero ideal I of R satisfies the Engel-type identity [[…[[d(x ^{k ₀} ), x ^{k ₁} ], x ^{k ₂} ],…], x ^{k _n} ], then R is commutative. Here we extend this result to a skew derivation of R for a Lie ideal I, which has an immediate corollary that replaces d by an automorphism of R. A related result in two variables is obtained for d a (θ, ?)-derivation.     

Homology of GL<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript>: injectivity conjecture for GL<Subscript>4</Subscript>

The homology of GL _n (R) and SL _n (R) is studied, where R is a commutative ‘ring with many units’. Our main theorem states that the natural map H ₄(GL₃(R), k) → H ₄(GL₄(R), k) is injective, where k is a field with char(k) ≠ 2, 3. For an algebraically closed field F, we prove a better result, namely, is injective. We will prove a similar result replacing GL by SL. This is used to investigate the indecomposable part of the K-group K ₄(R).     

Cohen–Macaulayness and Limit Behavior of Depth for Powers of Cover Ideals

Let 𝕂 be a field, and let R = 𝕂[x ₁,…, x _n ] be the polynomial ring over 𝕂 in n indeterminates x ₁,…, x _n . Let G be a graph with vertex-set {x ₁,…, x _n }, and let J be the cover ideal of G in R. For a given positive integer k, we denote the kth symbolic power and the kth bracket power of J by J ^(k) and J ^[k], respectively. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for R/J ^k , R/J ^(k), and R/J ^[k] to be Cohen–Macaulay. We also study the limit behavior of the depths of these rings.     

Generalized Derivations with Invertible or Nilpotent Values on Multilinear Polynomials

Let R be a ring with unity, g a generalized derivation on R and f(X ₁,…,X _k ) a multilinear polynomial. In this article we describe the structure of R provided that g(f(x ₁,…,x _k )) is either invertible or nilpotent for every x ₁,…,x _k in some nonzero ideal of R.     

Annihilators of Skew Derivations with Engel Conditions on Lie Ideals

Let R be a prime ring, L a noncentral Lie ideal of R, and a ∈ R. Set [x, y]₁ = [x, y] = xy ? yx for x, y ∈ R and inductively [x, y]_k = [[x, y]_k?1, y] for k > 1. Suppose that δ is a nonzero σ-derivation of R such that a[δ(x), x]_k = 0 for all x ∈ L, where σ is an automorphism of R and k is a fixed positive integer. Then a = 0 except when char R = 2 and R ? M₂(F), the 2 × 2 matrix ring over a field F.     

Rings with nil and power centralK-th commutators

We define thek-th commutator forx, y in a ringR inductively as follows: [x,y]₁=[x,y]=xy−yx and [x,y] _k =[[x,y] _{k−1, y} ]. Assume thatR is a ring without nonzero nil onesided ideals. The following are shown: (1) If [x,y] _k is nilpotent for allx,y∈R, thenR must be commutative. (2) If [x,y] _k is power central for allx,y∈R, thenR must satisfy the standard polynomial of degree 4. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 16A70, Secondary 16A12.     

On subgroups of the general linear group that contain a maximal nonsplit torus

The paper deals with the structure of intermediate subgroups of the general linear group GL(n, k) of degree n over a field k of odd characteristic that contain a nonsplit maximal torus related to a radical extension of degree n of the ground field k. The structure of ideal nets over a ring that determine the structure of intermediate subgroups containinga transvection is given. Let K = k( ⁿ?{d} ) K = k\left( {\sqrt[n]{d}} \right) be a radical degree-n extension of a field k of odd characteristic, and let T =(d) be a nonsplit maximal torus, which is the image of the multiplicative group of the field K under the regular embedding in G =GL(n, k). In the paper, the structure of intermediate subgroups H, T ≤ H ≤ G, that contain a transvection is studied. The elements of the matrices in the torus T = T (d) generate a subring R(d) in the field k.Let R be an intermediate subring, R(d) ⊆ R ⊆ k, d ∈ R. Let σ_R denote the net in which the ideal dR stands on the principal diagonal and above it and all entries of which beneath the principal diagonal are equal to R. Let σ^R denote the net in which all positions on the principal diagonal and beneath it are occupied by R and all entries above the principal diagonal are equal to dR. Let E(σ_R) be the subgroup generated by all transvections from the net group G(σ_R). In the paper it is proved that the product TE(σ_R) is a group (and thus an intermediate subgroup). If the net σ associated with an intermediate subgroup H coincides with σ_R,then TE(σ_R) ≤ H ≤ N(σ_R),where N(σ_R) is the normalizer of the elementary net group E(σ_R) in G. For the normalizer N(σ_R),the formula N(σ_R)= TG(σ^R) holds. In particular, this result enables one to describe the maximal intermediate subgroups. Bibliography: 13 titles.     

A Generalization of Engel Conditions with Derivations in Rings

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2 with Z the center of R and d a nonzero derivation of R. Let k, m, n be fixed positive integers. If ([d(x ^k ), x ^k ] _n ) ^m  ∈ Z for all x ∈ R, then R satisfies S ₄, the standard identity in 4 variables.     

Prime T-Ideals in Polynomial and Power Series Rings Over a Pseudo-Valuation Domain

Let R be an m-dimensional pseudo-valuation domain with residue field k, let V be the associated valuation domain with residue field K, and let k ₀ be the maximal separable extension of k in K. We compute the t-dimension of polynomial and power series rings over R. It is easy to see that t-dim R[x ₁,…, x _n ] = 2 if m = 1 and K is transcendental over k, but equals m otherwise, and that t-dim R[[x ₁,…, x _n ]] = ∞ if R is a nonSFT-ring. When R is an SFT-ring, we also show that: (1) t-dim R[[x]] = m; (2) t-dim R[[x ₁,…, x _n ]] = 2m ? 1, if n ≥ 2, K has finite exponent over k ₀, and [k ₀: k] < ∞; (3) t-dim R[[x ₁,…, x _n ]] = 2m, otherwise.     

Homological connectivity of random k‐dimensional complexes

Let Δ_n?1 denote the (n ? 1)‐dimensional simplex. Let Y be a random k‐dimensional subcomplex of Δ_n?1 obtained by starting with the full (k ? 1)‐dimensional skeleton of Δ_n?1 and then adding each k‐simplex independently with probability p. Let H_k?1(Y; R) denote the (k ? 1)‐dimensional reduced homology group of Y with coefficients in a finite abelian group R. It is shown that for any fixed R and k ≥ 1 and for any function ω(n) that tends to infinity © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009     

Bases normales,unités et conjecture faible de leopoldt

Letk be a number field,p an odd prime,R _k the ring ofp-integers ofk. We use Iwasawa theory to study theZ _p -moduleG(R _k ,Z _p ) (resp.NB (R _k ,Z _p )) ofclasses ofZ _p -extensions (resp.Z _p -extensions having a normal basis overR _k ) ofR _k . The rank ofG(G _k ,Z _p ) (resp.NB(R _k ,Z _p )) is related to Leopoldt's conjecture (resp. weak Leopoldt's conjecture) fork andp.      

Generic Initial Ideals,Graded Betti Numbers,and k-Lefschetz Properties

We introduce the k-strong Lefschetz property and the k-weak Lefschetz property for graded Artinian K-algebras, which are generalizations of the Lefschetz properties. The main results are:

1. Let I be an ideal of R = K[x ₁, x ₂,…, x _n ] whose quotient ring R/I has the n-SLP. Suppose that all kth differences of the Hilbert function of R/I are quasi-symmetric. Then the generic initial ideal of I is the unique almost revlex ideal with the same Hilbert function as R/I.

2. We give a sharp upper bound on the graded Betti numbers of Artinian K-algebras with the k-WLP and a fixed Hilbert function.     

An equivalence between varieties of cyclic Post algebras and varieties generated by a finite field

In this paper we give a term equivalence between the simple k-cyclic Post algebra of order p, L _p,k, and the finite field F(p ^k) with constants F(p). By using Lagrange polynomials, we give an explicit procedure to obtain an interpretation Φ₁ of the variety V(L _p,k) generated by L _p,k into the variety V(F(p ^k)) generated by F(p ^k) and an interpretation Φ₂ of V(F(p ^k)) into V(L _p,k) such that Φ₂Φ₁(B) = B for every B ε V(L _p,k) and Φ₁Φ₂(R) = R for every R ε V(F(p ^k)).