On affine Sawada–Kotera equation

It is shown that motion of plane curves in affine geometry induces naturally the Sawada–Kotera hierarchy. The affine Sawada–Kotera equation is obtained in view of the equivalence of equations for the curvature and graph of plane curves when the curvature satisfies the Sawada–Kotera equation. The affine Sawada–Kotera equation can be viewed as an affine version of the WKI equation since they have similarity properties, such as they have loop-solitons, they are solved by the AKNS-scheme and are obtained by choosing the normal velocity to be the derivative of the curvature with respect to the arc-length. Its symmetry reductions to ordinary differential equations corresponding to an one-dimensional optimal system of its Lie symmetry algebras are discussed.     

Bilinear identities for an extended B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy

We construct bilinear identities for wave functions of an extended B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (BKP) hierarchy containing two types of (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equations with a self-consistent source. Introducing an auxiliary variable corresponding to the extended flow for the BKP hierarchy, we find the τ -function and bilinear identities for this extended BKP hierarchy. The bilinear identities generate all the Hirota bilinear equations for the zero-curvature forms of this extended BKP hierarchy. As examples, we obtain the Hirota bilinear equations for the two types of (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equations in explicit form.     

Consistent Riccati Expansion for Integrable Systems

A consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) is proposed for solving nonlinear systems with the help of a Riccati equation. A system having a CRE is then defined to be CRE solvable. The CRE solvability is demonstrated quite universal for various integrable systems including the Korteweg–de Vries, Kadomtsev–Petviashvili, Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (and then nonlinear Schrödinger), sine‐Gordon, Sawada–Kotera, Kaup–Kupershmidt, modified asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov, Broer–Kaup, dispersive water wave, and Burgers systems. In addition, it is revealed that many CRE solvable systems share a similar determining equation describing the interactions between a soliton and a cnoidal wave. They have a common nonlocal symmetry expression and they possess a formally universal once Bäcklund transformation.     

Hamiltonian structures for the Ostrovsky–Vakhnenko equation

We obtain a bi-Hamiltonian formulation for the Ostrovsky–Vakhnenko (OV) equation using its higher order symmetry and a new transformation to the Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Sawada–Kotera equation. Central to this derivation is the relation between Hamiltonian structures when dependent and independent variables are transformed.     

The Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation. We prove that the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation is not locally well-posed in the Sobolev spaces ${H^s(\mathfrak{R})}$ with ${s < \frac{3}{2}}$ in the sense that its solutions do not depend uniformly continuously on the initial data. Since the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation is locally well-posed in ${H^{s}(\mathfrak{R})}$ with s > 3/2 in the sense of Hadamard, our result implies that s =  3/2 is the critical Sobolev index for well-posedness. We also present two blow-up results of strong solution to the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation in ${H^{s}(\mathfrak{R})}$ with s > 3/2.     

Applications of some transformations for several variable-coefficient nonlinear evolution equations from plasma physics,arterial mechanics,nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates

Variable-coefficient nonlinear evolution equations have occurred in such fields as plasma physics, arterial mechanics, nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates. This paper is devoted to giving some transformations to convert the original nonlinear evolution equations, e.g., the variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger, generalized Gardner and variable-coefficient Sawada–Kotera equations to simpler ones or even constant-coefficient ones. Based on some constraints, we simplify the original equations and derive the associated chirp solitons, Lax pairs, and Bäcklund transformations from the original equations by means of the aforementioned transformations.     

La conjecture de Novikov et le groupe de Thompson

Using the index theorem of Connes and Moscovici and the cyclic cocycle associated to a group cocycle, we prove the Novikov conjecture for the generalized Godbillon–Vey cocycle, which has been defined by Tsuboi through area functionals. As a corollary, we get a new proof of the fact that Thompson’s groups T$T$ and F$F$ satisfy the Novikov conjecture.     

Multiple soliton solutions for (2 + 1)‐dimensional Sawada–Kotera and Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon equations

Multiple soliton solutions for the (2 + 1)‐dimensional Sawada–Kotera and the Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon equations are formally derived. Moreover, multiple singular soliton solutions are obtained for each equation. The simplified form of Hirota's bilinear method is employed to conduct this analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytic study on the Sawada–Kotera equation with a nonvanishing boundary condition in fluids

Under investigation in this paper is the Sawada–Kotera equation with a nonvanishing boundary condition, which describes the evolution of steeper waves of shorter wavelength than those described by the Korteweg–de Vries equation does. With the binary-Bell-polynomial, Hirota method and symbolic computation, the bilinear form and N-soliton solutions for this model are derived. Meanwhile, propagation characteristics and interaction behaviors of the solitons are discussed through the graphical analysis. Via Bell-polynomial approach, the Bäcklund transformation is constructed in both the binary-Bell-polynomial and bilinear forms. Based on the binary-Bell-polynomial-type Bäcklund transformation, we obtain the Lax pair and conservation laws associated.     

Well-posedness and persistence properties for the Novikov equation

Recently, Novikov found a new integrable equation (we call it the Novikov equation in this paper), which has nonlinear terms that are cubic, rather than quadratic, and admits peaked soliton solutions (peakons). Firstly, we prove that the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation is locally well-posed in the Besov spaces (which generalize the Sobolev spaces Hs) with the critical index . Then, well-posedness in Hs with , is also established by applying Kato's semigroup theory. Finally, we present two results on the persistence properties of the strong solution for the Novikov equation.     

Application of He's variational iteration method and Adomian's decomposition method to Sawada–Kotera–Ito seventh‐order equation

In this article, the Sawada–Kotera–Ito seventh‐order equation is studied. He's variational iteration method and Adomian's decomposition method (ADM) are applied to obtain solution of this equation. We compare these methods together. The study highlights the significant features of the employed methods and its capability of handling completely integrable equations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 27: 887–897, 2011     

Symmetry reductions and traveling wave solutions for the Krichever–Novikov equation

In this paper, we study the Krichever–Novikov equation from the point of view of the theory of symmetry reductions in PDEs. By using this theory, we find that for the Krichever–Novikov equation some similarity solutions are solutions with physical interest: solitons, kinks, antikinks, and compactons. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morse Novikov theory and cohomology with forward supports

We present a new approach to Morse and Novikov theories, based on the deRham Federer theory of currents, using the finite volume flow technique of Harvey and Lawson [HL]. In the Morse case, we construct a noncompact analogue of the Morse complex, relating a Morse function to the cohomology with compact forward supports of the manifold. This complex is then used in Novikov theory, to obtain a geometric realization of the Novikov Complex as a complex of currents and a new characterization of Novikov Homology as cohomology with compact forward supports. Two natural ``backward-forward' dualities are also established: a Lambda duality over the Novikov Ring and a Topological Vector Space duality over the reals.     

The new exact solutions of the Fifth-Order Sawada–Kotera equation using three wave method

In this paper, traveling waves with different frequencies and velocities can be constructed by three wave method. Some new exact solitary and periodic solitary solutions are obtained for the Fifth-Order Sawada–Kotera equation using three wave type method via Hiröta bilinear form. The solutions investigated by three wave method are more than solutions by others method such as homoclinic test method.     

Blow-up phenomenon for the integrable Novikov equation

In this paper we investigate a new integrable equation derived recently by V.S. Novikov [Generalizations of the Camassa–Holm equation, J. Phys. A 42 (34) (2009) 342002, 14 pp.]. Analogous to the Camassa–Holm equation and the Degasperis–Procesi equation, this new equation possesses the blow-up phenomenon. Under the special structure of this equation, we establish sufficient conditions on the initial data to guarantee the formulation of singularities in finite time. A global existence result is also found.     

Classical r-Matrices and Novikov Algebras

We study the existence problem for Novikov algebra structures on finite-dimensional Lie algebras. We show that a Lie algebra admitting a Novikov algebra is necessarily solvable. Conversely we present a 2-step solvable Lie algebra without any Novikov structure. We use extensions and classical r-matrices to construct Novikov structures on certain classes of solvable Lie algebras.     

On Homotopes of Novikov Algebras

Given a unital associative commutative ring Φ containing $\frac{1}{2}$ , we consider a homotope of a Novikov algebra, i.e., an algebra $A_\varphi $ that is obtained from a Novikov algebra A by means of the derived operation $x \cdot y = xy\varphi $ on the Φ-module A, where the mapping ? satisfies the equality $xy\varphi = x(y\varphi )$ . We find conditions for a homotope of a Novikov algebra to be again a Novikov algebra.     

Global existence and blow-up phenomena for the weakly dissipative Novikov equation

In this paper, we consider the global existence and blow-up for the weakly dissipative Novikov equation. We firstly establish the local well-posedness for the weakly dissipative Novikov equation by Kato’s theorem. Then we present some blow-up results. Finally, we present the global existence of strong solutions to the weakly dissipative equation.     

An etale approach to the Novikov conjecture

We show that the rational Novikov conjecture for a group Γ of finite homological type follows from the mod 2 acyclicity of the Higson compactification of an EΓ. We then show that for groups of finite asymptotic dimension, the Higson compactification is mod p acyclic for all p and deduce the integral Novikov conjecture for these groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.