Synthesis and electrorheological properties of polyaniline-Na+-montmorillonite suspensions

We synthesized polyaniline-Na⁺-montmorillonite nanocomposite particles using an emulsion intercalation method and prepared electrorheological (ER) fluids by dispersing the synthesized nanocomposite particles in an electrically insulating silicone oil. The conducting polymer (polyaniline) was inserted into the layers of clay, and this insertion of polyaniline was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. For the first time, ER properties were determined via a rotational rheometer equipped with a high voltage generator.     

Microextraction of phenolic compounds using a fiber coated with a polyaniline-montmorillonite nanocomposite

Microchimica Acta - A highly porous fiber coated polyaniline/montmorillonite clay was prepared for solid-phase microextraction. The nanocomposite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The...     

New Approach to Enhance the Yield Stress of Electro‐Rheological Fluids by Polyaniline‐Coated Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

We synthesized new polyaniline (PANI)/organoclay (aminosilane surface‐treated) nanocomposite particles and prepared electro‐rheological (ER) fluids by dispersing the particles in silicone oil. A distinct enhancement in yield stress was observed due to the presence of PANI‐coated clay particles. The effects of delaminated clay on the ER yield stress were investigated and compared with other ER fluid systems, which use PANI particles only or a simply intercalated PANI/clay nanocomposite.     

固相反应法制备磷钼酸(H3PMo12O40)掺杂聚苯胺对其电化学活性的影响

利用固相反应法制备了磷钼酸(H3PMo12O40,简称PMA)掺杂聚苯胺,并以红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安(cyclic voltamm ogram)等测试方法对聚苯胺进行了表征。结果表明,无论是液相法还是固相法,磷钼酸掺杂于聚苯胺中,仍保持自身结构特征,与传统液相合成的磷钼酸掺杂聚苯胺相比,固相反应法合成的磷钼酸掺杂聚苯胺的晶化率和电活性略差。固相反应法制备的磷钼酸掺杂聚苯胺在对抗坏血酸(AH2)电催化氧化中,表现出比液相合成更好的电催化活性。     

Improved electrorheological effect in polyaniline nanocomposite suspensions

We prepared polyaniline (PANI)/clay composites that are composed of both PANI-clay nanocomposite particles and pure PANI particles. The PANI-clay nanocomposite particles were made during the polymerization process, wherein PANI particles are attached on the surface of exfoliated clay particles modified by an aminosilane group. The PANI/clay composites were used as electrorheological fluids (ERFs) by dispersing them in silicon oil. The PANI-clay nanocomposite particles, which can form columnar structure under an electric field, strongly enhance the mechanical rigidity of the suspensions. The maximum yield stress of the PANI/clay composite suspensions (15 wt% in silicon oil) was 1.6 kPa at 3 kV/mm, while that of pure PANI was 300 Pa at the same electric field. A mechanism to explain the yield behaviors of the PANI-based nanocomposite suspensions is proposed.     

Anisotropic electroconducting polymer-silicate composites based on polyaniline

Approaches for the development of anisotropic electroconducting composite materials based on polyaniline and Na-montmorillonite prepared by the me thods of boundary and intercalation polymerization of aniline and mechanical blending are proposed. Parallel plane compression of solid and plasticized dispersions is shown to lead to the development of primarily planar ordering of anisometric clay particles with sorbed or intercalated polymer; as a result, nanocomposites with anisotropic electrical conductivity are formed. In the prepared polymer-silicate films, the parameter of anisotropy in electrical conductivity achieves 6 × 10³.     

溶剂对固相反应法制备H7PW12O42掺杂聚苯胺的影响

利用固相反应法,分别以微量的水和乙腈作为溶剂,制备了磷钨酸(H7PW12O42)掺杂聚苯胺,并以红外光谱(FTIR),电子扫描显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),循环伏安(cyclic voltamogram)等测试方法对聚苯胺进行了表征。结果表明,固相反应法合成的聚苯胺分子链排列有序,晶化率较好,并且表现出有较好的电化学稳定性。而以微量的乙腈作为溶剂通过固相反应法得到的磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺在颗粒形貌、结晶性、导电率等方面均优于相同条件微量的水作为溶剂时的掺杂聚苯胺。     

Simple Preparation of Sulfate Anion‐Doped Polyaniline‐Clay Nanocomposites by an Environmentally Friendly Mechanochemical Synthesis Route

Summary: Conducting polyaniline (PANI) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared from aniline sulfate and MMT by a mechanochemical synthesis route. X‐Ray diffraction analysis confirmed that, by controlling the aniline sulfate content, mechanochemical synthesis led to two types of different formations. After polymerization, the mechanochemical route synthesized much more PANI between the clay layers compared to a solution method. The electrical conductivities of the synthesized PANI‐MMT nanocomposites in pressed pellets ranged in the order of between 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻³ S · cm⁻¹.

X‐ray powder diffraction patterns of the intercalation products prepared by grinding montmorillonite with various amounts of Ani‐SO₄ in a mortar.     

β-萘磺酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米粒子的固相反应法制备及其表征

利用固相反应法制备了 β 萘磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺纳米粒子 ,并以红外光谱 (FTIR) ,扫描电子显微镜(SEM) ,透射电镜 (TEM) ,X 射线衍射 (XRD)以及粉末微电极等测试方法对其进行了表征 .结果表明 ,固相反应法合成的 β 萘磺酸掺杂聚苯胺粒子直径为 30～ 5 0nm ,聚苯胺分子链排列有序 ,晶化率较好 .粉末微电极的循环伏安测试表明 ,β 萘磺酸掺杂聚苯胺有较好的电化学活性 .     

四种方法合成单一手性聚苯胺纳米纤维研究

以过硫酸铵或2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌（DDQ）为氧化剂,单一手性樟脑磺酸作为诱导酸及掺杂剂,在有机溶剂、水-有机溶剂和水溶剂体系中,采用四种不同方法分别进行了单一手性聚苯胺纳米纤维合成研究。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外可见光谱（UV-VIS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和圆二色谱（CD）等手段对自组装法、界面聚合法、低聚物辅助法与二次掺杂法等四种方法制备得到聚苯胺纳米纤维的形貌、结构及光学活性进行表征,对比分析后发现四种方法合成的掺杂态聚苯胺纳米纤维形貌、结构相似,但溶剂体系会影响最终产物的光学活性：水溶剂、有机溶剂体系中,得到的聚苯胺纳米纤维光学活性相反。     

电化学制备有序聚苯胺纳米线阵列

以有序碳纳米管阵列电极为基底电极,在硫酸或高氯酸溶液中,分别探明不同电化学聚合方法以及苯胺单体浓度对聚苯胺形貌的影响. 结果表明：采用循环伏安法无法制备出聚苯胺纳米线;而应用恒电位法虽可制得聚苯胺纳米线,但纳米线不能形成有序阵列;只有应用恒电流方法,并且以高浓度苯胺的高氯酸溶液作为聚合溶液,方能制得有序聚苯胺纳米线阵列.     

Spectroelectrochemical processes in polyaniline films prepared by different methods

Basic in situ spectroelectrochemical methods of the studying of the polyaniline electrosynthesis processes and doping-dedoping of the polyaniline films prepared by different procedures are overviewed. The advantages of the combining of different spectroelectrochemical methods in a single experiment are discussed and the extra information on the processes of electrosynthesis and electrochemical doping-dedoping of polyaniline prepared by the combinations of methods is analyzed. Components of the polyaniline electronic absorption spectra are analyzed and spectroelectrochemical properties of polyaniline films prepared by vacuum evaporation are studied by a complex of methods; the results of the studies are presented.     

Composites of Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid (PSSA)‐Polyaniline and Montmorillonite Clay: Synthesis and Characterization

Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) doped water‐soluble polyaniline (PANI)/montmorillonite (MMT) clay composites were synthesized by intercalation polymerization in aqueous medium. The properties of the composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and conductivity measurement. The results show that the composite has a mixed nanomorphology and exfoliated silicate nanolayers of MMT clay dispersed in the polyaniline matrix. This composite is more thermal stable than that without clay samples and results in good stable temperature‐dependent dc conductivity [σ_dc(T)] as temperature changed.     

载铂微粒的聚苯胺薄膜电极对甲醇的电催化氧化

用电化学方法制备的载有金属铂微粒的聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）膜电极对甲醇在硫酸中的电化学氧化具有很高的催化活性。电极材料中的铂微粒是沿着聚苯胺的纤维分布的，而且主要沉积在ＰＡｎ膜的表面。     

Enhancement of polyaniline’s electrical conductivity by coagulation polymerization

An effective and simple method was developed to prepare highly conductive polyaniline by coagulation polymerization. Depending on the coagulation reaction between aniline salts and lauryl sulfonate (SDS), not only was the polymerization rate of aniline monomers greatly decreased but also the doping efficiency of hydrochloric acid was effectively increased. Low polymerization rate provided enough time for the conformation adjustment of polyaniline chains and the diffusion of doping agent. Meanwhile, the doping efficiency of hydrochloric acid on polyaniline chains was effectively increased due to its easy diffusion among many vacancies, which were generated when SDS separated in the process of polymerization. Therefore, the electrical conductivity of polyaniline prepared by coagulation polymerization was increased more than ten times than that of polyaniline, which was prepared by conventional methods. In addition, the important factors to influence the preparation, such as SDS concentration, hydrochloride acid (HCl) concentration, content of ammonium persulfate (APS), and polymerization time were also investigated. When the molar ratio (aniline:SDS:HCl :APS) was set to 1.69:0.46:15.38:1, the conductivity of polyaniline reached 24.39 S/cm.     

Growth of ramification-like ZnO rods in the presence of polyaniline

To obtain new materials with synergetic or complementary behaviors, polyaniline composite filled with ZnO rods in ramification-like structure was prepared by a hydrothermal approach. Comparative experiments of ZnO preparation in the presence of some metal ions were also carried out. The results indicated that the morphology of ZnO was strongly affected by the preparation condition. The method to grow ZnO rods in the presence of polyaniline offers a simple approach to obtain polyaniline composite filled with linear ZnO structure. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the strong interaction between ZnO and polyaniline possibly exists to cause the charge transfer.     

界面聚合法合成手性掺杂剂诱导螺旋形聚苯胺纳米纤维

以手性试剂D-樟脑磺酸(D-CSA)和L-樟脑磺酸(L-CSA)为掺杂剂和构象诱导剂,采用界面聚合法合成了螺旋形聚苯胺纳米纤维。通过FESEM、TEM、FTIR和UV-Vis吸收光谱等测试技术对螺旋形聚苯胺纳米纤维结构进行了表征。结果表明,所得聚苯胺纤维具有螺旋形构象,形貌均一,平均直径约为50nm,长度为300～600nm,具有较高的长径比(6:1～12:1)。在水溶液中,聚苯胺纳米纤维以伸展的螺旋形分子链构象存在,调节溶液的pH值,螺旋形聚苯胺纳米纤维表现出可逆的掺杂和脱掺杂性质。循环伏安(CV)测试表明,螺旋形聚苯胺纳米纤维在0.5mol/LHCl溶液中表现出良好的电化学活性。     

聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法及应用进展

复合材料是由两种或多种性质不同的物质组成的多元材料,具有比各组分材料更优异的或原来不具备的性能。聚苯胺(PANI)作为最具应用前景的导电高分子材料,国内外对基于PANI的复合材料的研究也愈加关注。本文对PANI复合材料制备方法的研究成果进行了综述,主要包括原位化学法、共混法、电化学法、层层自组装法等。探讨了PANI复合材料在电极、导电、防腐、传感、分离、催化等方面的应用性能,并展望了PANI复合材料今后研究与应用的发展方向。     

The effect of zeolite on the curing of epoxy resin by polyaniline: a kinetic study

Polyaniline sulfate‐zeolite composite was prepared by emulsion polymerization. Epoxy resin was cured using polyaniline‐sulfate salt and various amounts of polyaniline sulfate‐zeolite composite. The kinetics of the cure reaction for an epoxy resin based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with polyaniline‐sulfate and polyaniline sulfate‐zeolite composite have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal and dynamic conditions. Isothermal kinetics analysis was performed using the phenomenological model of Kamal. Dynamic kinetic analysis was performed using Kissinger's method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polyaniline Having Methyl Violet as Pendant Groups

Methyl violet–substituted polyaniline is prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in an aqueous acidic media using tosic acid as dopant and ammonium persulphate as oxidant. Substitution of methyl violet (dye moieties) on polyaniline backbone takes place in the presence of butyl lithium. The structures of methyl violet–substituted polyanilinewas elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), fluorescence spectra, XRD and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). Molecular weight is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and viscosity method. Conductivity and band gap of methyl violet–substituted polyaniline was computed by a two-probe conductometer.