具有隔离结构的导电高分子复合材料的研究进展

导电高分子复合材料(Conductive Polymer Composites,CPCs)研究的重点和热点之一是如何控制导电粒子的分布,有效降低CPCs逾渗值,提高CPCs综合性能,其中具有隔离结构的CPCs因能大大降低复合材料的逾渗值而受到研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了制备隔离结构CPCs的方法,包括机械共混法、溶液共混法、乳液法等,分析了此类材料具有较低逾渗值的机理,总结了此类材料对温度、溶剂等外场的响应规律。根据复合材料微观结构指出提高此类材料力学性能是推进此类材料应用的关键。     

Conductive molecular silicon

Bulk silicon, the bedrock of information technology, consists of the deceptively simple electronic structure of just Si-Si σ bonds. Diamond has the same lattice structure as silicon, yet the two materials have dramatically different electronic properties. Here we report the specific synthesis and electrical characterization of a class of molecules, oligosilanes, that contain strongly interacting Si-Si σ bonds, the essential components of the bulk semiconductor. We used the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique to compare the single-molecule conductance of these oligosilanes to those of alkanes. We found that the molecular conductance decreases exponentially with increasing chain length with a decay constant β = 0.27 ± 0.01 ?(-1), comparable to that of a conjugated chain of C═C π bonds. This result demonstrates the profound implications of σ conjugation for the conductivity of silicon.     

手征导电聚苯胺

综述了手征导电聚苯胺的研究进展。对手征导电聚苯胺的制备方法、手征构象的形成及影响因素、应用研究的现状及发展趋势作了扼要论述。     

导电水凝胶的制备

作为一种新型的功能材料,导电水凝胶已经引起广泛的关注。本文根据目前的研究现状,将导电水凝胶大致分为聚电解质导电水凝胶,酸掺杂导电水凝胶,无机物添加导电水凝胶以及导电高分子基导电水凝胶等几大类,并综述了它们的制备方法。另外,由于大分子体系的导电高分子和水凝胶都有着独特和重要的性能,这使得它们具有广阔的应用价值。所以,本文在综述导电水凝胶制备进展的同时着重综述了导电高分子基导电水凝胶的制备进展。     

石墨烯透明导电薄膜

石墨烯是一种新型二维晶体材料,它独特的单原子层结构显示出许多优异的物理化学性质。以石墨烯为原料制备的透明导电薄膜继承了石墨烯的优点,与氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜相比,具有更好的力学强度、透光性以及化学稳定性,已逐渐成为全世界范围内的研究热点。本文首先介绍了石墨烯的光电性能,然后分别从石墨烯透明导电薄膜的前驱体和制备方法两个不同的角度,归纳总结了最近几年石墨烯透明导电薄膜的研究进展,就目前所面临的问题进行了讨论,并展望了石墨烯透明导电薄膜的未来发展。     

Conductive diamond hollow fiber membranes

Boron-doped diamond hollow fiber membrane (BDD–HFM) was fabricated as a novel type of porous conductive diamond. BDD–HFM was obtained by deposition of BDD polycrystalline film onto a quartz filter substrate consisting of quartz fibers, followed by etching of the substrate in HF/HNO₃ aqueous solution. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed the inner diameter and wall thickness of the BDD hollow fibers were in the range of 0.4–2 and 0.2–2 μm, respectively. The BDD–HFM electrode exhibited a relatively large double-layer capacitance (ca. 13 F g⁻¹) in 0.1 M H₂SO₄. Electrochemical AC impedance properties were simulated using an equivalent circuit model containing a transmission line model, which indicated characteristics of a porous electrode material.     

电磁屏蔽导电涂料

综述了电磁屏蔽用掺合型导电涂料的导电机理以及组成,展望了导电涂料的发展。     

Conductive Tough Hydrogel for Bioapplications

Biocompatible conductive tough hydrogels represent a new class of advanced materials combining the properties of tough hydrogels and biocompatible conductors. Here, a simple method, to achieve a self‐assembled tough elastomeric composite structure that is biocompatible, conductive, and with high flexibility, is reported. The hydrogel comprises polyether‐based liner polyurethane (PU), poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and liquid crystal graphene oxide (LCGO). The polyurethane hybrid composite (PUHC) containing the PEDOT:PSS, LCGO, and PU has a higher electrical conductivity (10 × ), tensile modulus (>1.6 × ), and yield strength (>1.56 × ) compared to respective control samples. Furthermore, the PUHC is biocompatible and can support human neural stem cell (NSC) growth and differentiation to neurons and supporting neuroglia. Moreover, the stimulation of PUHC enhances NSC differentiation with enhanced neuritogenesis compared to unstimulated cultures. A model describing the synergistic effects of the PUHC components and their influence on the uniformity, biocompatibility, and electromechanical properties of the hydrogel is presented.     

导电MOFs在能源转化中的应用

可再生能源供应方案包括析氢反应(HER)、析氧反应(OER)、氧还原反应(ORR)和二氧化碳还原反应(CO2RR)等多种反应,电催化剂对这些反应至关重要。到目前为止,已有一系列导电MOFs作为与能源相关电催化电极材料的报道。本文从提高MOFs导电能力和对产物的选择性、增强MOFs的化学稳定性及增加MOFs的反应活性位点等方面介绍了导电MOFs作为电催化剂的设计策略,重点综述了其在能源转化涉及的HER、OER、ORR以及CO2RR方面的应用,并从材料制备和应用需求角度出发, 对高性能导电MOFs材料在电催化领域所面临的挑战和前景进行了展望。     

Conductive polypyrrole via enzyme catalysis

Laccase catalyzes the polymerization of pyrrole into a conducting polymer using dioxygen as the terminal oxidant. This finding is significant, because it identifies an enzymatic route, and thus an environmentally benign method, for preparing a technologically important polymer. In addition, the rate of oxidation of pyrrole increases when the redox molecule, ABTS [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)], is included in a reaction medium that contains laccase. This increase in rate occurs because laccase catalyzes the oxidation of ABTS to ABTS*. In addition to laccase, the biocatalytically generated ABTS* oxidizes pyrrole to its corresponding radical cation to yield polypyrrole. Moreover, oxidation of pyrrole by ABTS* regenerates ABTS for subsequent biocatalytic turnover. Including ABTS in the reaction medium has two important consequences for the final product: (a) The reaction proceeds rapidly enough to form polymeric films instead of oligomeric precipitates, and (b) ABTS remains within the polymeric film as a redox-active dopant. The charge transport properties of the resulting polymers, both with and without ABTS as the counteranion, are compared to those of other conducting materials including polypyrrole prepared electrochemically or chemically.     

聚乙烯复合导电塑料性能

复合导电塑料;聚乙烯;集流体;钒电池;体积电阻率     

二维导电金属有机骨架材料

金属有机骨架(MOFs)是由金属离子或簇与有机配体以配位键组装而成的晶态多孔材料,其高的孔隙率及功能可设计性使其广泛应用于各种领域。然而,传统MOFs多数电导率非常低,这严重制约了其在电学相关领域的发展。近年来,导电金属有机骨架尤其是二维导电金属有机骨架(2D ECMOFs)材料因其结构中独特的π-π堆积及π-d共轭作用而呈现出半导体甚至类金属的电子输运性质而受到广泛关注,已在传感器、电子器件、电催化、电池和超级电容器等电学和能源相关领域展现出潜在的应用价值。本文将从2D ECMOFs的导电机理、结构、合成方法及应用等方面对近几年该领域的重要进展进行综述,并对其未来发展的挑战和机遇提出展望。     

离子导电聚合物电解质的研究*

本文对离子导电聚合物电解质的发展史、分类、导电机理、研究方法及离子导电聚合物电解质电导率提高的途径进行了综述分析,并讨论了今后工作的发展方向。     

聚苯胺在防腐领域的应用

综述导电聚苯胺用于金属防腐蚀领域的最新进展,并且探讨了其相关的防腐机理。     

导电高分子的最近进展

因为导电高分子结合了金属与塑料的优点,他们一直受到很大的关注。但是他们的应用受到一些因素的影响,包括他们的电学性质,稳定性和可加工性。近来,导电高分子的性能得到很大的提高。他们在许多领域的重要应用被论证,比如透明电极,可拉伸电极,神经界面,热电转换和能量储存。这篇文章简单综述了导电高分子的电导提高和它们在热电转换,超级电容器和电池的应用。     

有机酸分析的柱后缓冲电导法与紫外法、直接电导法的比较

柱后缓冲电导法采用柱后调节pH值,电导检测器检测的方法检测有机酸,它避免了经常使用的紫外法选择性差,直接电导法灵敏度低的缺点,是可以实现有机酸准确定量的一种新型分析方法.本文比较了这三种方法的分析结果.     

Conductive macroporous composite chitosan-carbon nanotube scaffolds

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as doping material for three-dimensional chitosan scaffolds to develop a highly conductive, porous, and biocompatible composite material. The porous and interconnected structures were formed by the process of thermally induced phase separation followed by freeze-drying applied to an aqueous solution of 1 wt % chitosan acetic acid. The porosity was characterized to be 97% by both mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements and SEM image analysis. When MWCNTs were used as a filler to introduce conductive pathways throughout the chitosan skeleton, the solubilizing hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of chitosan established stable polymer/MWCNT solutions that yielded a homogeneous distribution of nanotubes throughout the final composite matrix. A percolation theory threshold of approximately 2.5 wt % MWCNTs was determined by measurement of the conductivity as a function of chitosan/MWCNT ratios. The powder resistivity of completely compressed scaffolds also was measured and was found to be similar for all MWCNT concentrations (0.7-0.15 Omega cm powder resistivity for MWCNTs of 0.8-5 wt %) and almost five times lower than the 20 k Omega cm value found for pure chitosan scaffolds.     

Composite Polyamide 6/Polypyrrole Conductive Nanofibers

Conductive Polyamide 6 (PA‐6) nanofibers were prepared by making a conductive polypyrrole coating obtained by a polymerization of pyrrole molecules directly on the fiber surface. A solution of PA‐6 added with ferric chloride in formic acid has been electrospun and the fibers obtained showed an average diameter of 260 nm with a smooth surface. The fibers have been then exposed to pyrrole vapours and a compact coating of polypyrrole was formed on the fiber surface. The growth of the coating was monitored by measuring the increment of the fiber diameter and by FT‐IR spectroscopy. The same technique was used to study the interaction between the ferric chloride and the polyamide chains. The polypyrrole coating on the fibers turned out to be conductive with a pure resistive characteristic and the stability of the conductivity was evaluated in air at room temperature.

     

导电聚合物薄膜的喷墨打印制备及其光电器件

聚(3,4-乙撑二氧基噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT:PSS)由于兼备优良的导电性和透光率,被广泛用于透明功能性薄膜的制备,可作为空穴传输层或直接用作电极,运用到有机光伏器件(OPV)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、有机发光二极管(OLED)等薄膜器件的结构中,部分实现了氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜的替代。常见的溶液成膜工艺是旋涂法,这种工艺操作较为简便,但原料利用率低,并且难以大面积均匀制备及图案化制膜, 不利于规模化生产和推广。近年来,喷墨打印制膜技术得到人们越来越多的关注。由于喷墨打印制膜技术可在多种基底上快速、高效地制备均匀大面积薄膜,并可轻易地实现各种精细图案化的制作,可溶液加工,更与卷对卷加工技术兼容,因此能够很好地节约原料,降低能耗和制作成本。目前已被广泛应用于有机电子学各个领域,特别是在制备柔性器件方面,展现出独特优势。本文对基于导电聚合物PEDOT:PSS的喷墨打印工艺进行了系统的阐述,对其制膜、图案化及其电子器件应用等相关研究作了较为全面的总结,并展望了其应用前景,对于更为全面、深刻地理解和推动喷墨打印制膜技术在有机电子学领域的应用具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。