基于反激变压器的压电振动能量双向操控技术

压电材料因其具有良好的机电耦合特性, 在振动能量俘获和结构振动控制领域有着良好的应用前景. 基于同步开关和电感的压电元件接口控制电路, 可以通过振荡电路工作原理调节压电元件的电压幅值和相位, 优化压电振动系统的机电能量转化. 优化型同步电荷提取技术即基于上述接口控制电路实现了压电振动能到电能的高效转换. 本文提出了一种衍生于优化型同步电荷提取电路的压电阻尼半主动控制电路, 借鉴反激变压器的原、副边能量转换特性, 实现了压电振动控制系统从电能到机械能的能量操控, 进而达到结构振动抑制的效果. 至此, 结合了压电电荷能提取与压电阻尼半主动控制技术的新电路, 以反激变压器为核心实现了压电振动能量的双向操纵. 论文首先介绍了相应的控制电路及工作原理, 推导了新型同步开关阻尼技术下的结构的振动阻尼比模型, 搭建了压电悬臂梁振动控制实验平台, 最终通过实验验证了理论模型, 并使用更简单的控制方法解决了振动控制系统的稳定性问题.      

Tuning of a vibration absorber with shunted piezoelectric transducers

In order to reduce structural vibrations in narrow frequency bands, tuned mass absorbers can be an appropriate measure. A quite similar approach which makes use of applied piezoelectric elements, instead of additional oscillating masses, are the well-known resonant shunts, consisting of resistances, inductances, and possibly negative capacitances connected to the piezoelectric element. This paper presents a combined approach, which is based on a conventional tuned mass absorber, but whose characteristics can be strongly influenced by applying shunted piezoceramics. Simulations and experimental analyses are shown to be very effective in predicting the behavior of such electromechanical systems. The vibration level of the absorber can be strongly attenuated by applying different combinations of resistant, resonant, and negative capacitance shunt circuits. The damping characteristics of the absorber can be changed by applying a purely resistive or resonant resistant shunt. Additionally, the tuning frequency of the absorber can be adapted to the excitation frequency, using a negative capacitance shunt circuit, which requires only the energy to supply the electric components.     

Crack synchronization of chaotic circuits under field coupling

Nonlinear electric devices are important and essential for setting circuits so that chaotic outputs or periodical series can be generated. Chaotic circuits can be mapped into dimensionless dynamical systems by using scale transformation, and thus, synchronization control can be further investigated in numerical way. In case of synchronization approach, resistor is often used to bridge two chaotic circuits and gap junction connection is used to realize possible synchronization. In fact, complex electromagnetic effect in circuits should be considered when the capacitor and inductor (inductance coil) are attacked by high-frequency signals or noise-like disturbance. In this paper, two chaotic circuits are connected by using voltage coupling (via resistor) and triggering mutual induction electromotive force, which time-varying magnetic field is generated in the inductance coils. Therefore, magnetic field coupling is realized between two isolate inductance coils and induction electromotive force is generated to adjust the oscillation in circuits. It is found that field coupling can modulate the synchronization behaviors of chaotic circuits. In case of periodical oscillating state, the synchronization between two periodical circuits under voltage coupling is destroyed when field coupling is considered. Furthermore, the synchronization between chaotic circuits becomes more difficult when field coupling is triggered. Open problems for this topic are proposed for further investigation.     

Damping of Forced Vibrations in Systems of Connected Rigid Bodies

The problem of damping forced vibrations in a system of bodies linked by one-degree-of-freedom elastic joints is considered. The vibrations are damped by introducing additional bodies into the system. The controlled motion of these bodies compensates the effect of the external perturbation. The motion of a system of three bodies is studied in detail. To determine the sensitivity of the perturbation compensation method to the damping parameters, a numerical simulation is carried out     

连续梁的压电分流阻尼模型

建立具有压电分流阻尼的连续梁的动力学基本方程,推导出适用于各种不同分支电路构型的广义传递函数,并推导出对应于三种不同分支电路的电器元件最优参数表达式。对三种不同分支电路的减振特性进行理论分析和比较。分析结果表明,LR并联和LR串联分支电路可以有效地减小振动幅值,并具有相同的减振效果。在LR-C并联分支电路中,通过附加一个电容,可以减小最优设计时所需的电感值,但是减振效果降低。本文为连续梁的压电分流阻尼系统的减振设计提供了有效的方法。     

基于等效电路法的变三角截面驰振压电能量收集研究

随着能源危机的逐渐加剧，人们对压电俘能器研究的投入也与日俱增，目前常见的研究压电俘能器的模拟方法只能研究其接入简单的单一电阻负载电路时的性能，且不能解决压电俘能器的高强度直流电路耦合问题。因此，本文借助二阶范德波尔控制方程将压电俘能器的主要部件等效为电子元件，进而基于等效电路法建立了与变三角截面驰振压电振动俘能器相对应的等效电路模型。借助风洞实验验证了所建立的等效电路模型的准确性。采用该模型研究了外接电路，钝体顶角，外接电阻和来流速度对变三角截面驰振压电俘能器输出电压，输出功率和响应位移的影响，结果表明，随着电阻的增大，输出电压逐渐增大且增长率逐渐减小。交直流电路的最佳负载分别为1.05 MΩ和1.4 MΩ，当风速为7.03 m/s，钝体顶角为90°时，交直流电路输出电压和输出功率的峰值分别为41.34 V，0.974 mW和50.8 V，0.616 mW。随着钝体顶角的增大，输出电压，输出功率和响应位移均逐渐增大且增大的速度逐渐减小。等效电路模型可以高效，准确地对不同结构参数下和外界电路下的压电振动俘能器的输出功率，输出电压，响应位移及其影响因素进行研究，所提出的等效电路模型于加快对压电振动俘能器的研究与推广应用具有一定意义。     

COUPLED ANALYSIS FOR THE HARVESTING STRUCTURE AND THE MODULATING CIRCUIT IN A PIEZOELECTRIC BIMORPH ENERGY HARVESTER

The authors analyze a piezoelectric energy harvester as an electro-mechanically coupled system. The energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric bimorph with a concentrated mass attached at one end, called the harvesting structure, an electric circuit for energy storage, and a rectifier that converts the AC output of the harvesting structure into a DC input for the storage circuit. The piezoelectric bimorph is assumed to be driven into flexural vibration by an ambient acoustic source to convert the mechanical energies into electric energies. The analysis indicates that the performance of this harvester, measured by the power density, is characterized by three important non-dimensional parameters, i.e., the non-dimensional inductance of the storage circuit, the non-dimensional aspect ratio （length/thickness） and the non-dimensional end mass of the harvesting structure. The numerical results show that： （1） the power density can be optimized by varying the non-dimensional inductance for each fixed non-dimensional aspect ratio with a fixed non-dimensional end mass; and （2） for a fixed non-dimensional inductance, the power density is maximized if the non-dimensional aspect ratio and the non-dimensional end mass are so chosen that the harvesting structure, consisting of both the piezoelectric bimorph and the end mass attached, resonates at the frequency of the ambient acoustic source.     

Piezo-ElectroMechanical (PEM) structures: passive vibration control using distributed piezoelectric transducersStructures Piézo-ÉlectroMécaniques (PEM) : contrôle passif de vibrations en utilisant des transducteurs piézo-électriques distribués

A piezo-electromechanical structural member is composed of a host member, a uniformly distributed array of piezoelectric transducers and a passive electric circuit (acting as a controller) interconnecting their electric terminals. Such a circuit has to be designed to assure the most efficient transduction of mechanical into electrical energy. The needed circuits are synthesized for bars, beams and plates and the performances of the corresponding PEM structures are determined. Once suitable dissipative elements are included in the controller, it is proven that, in PEM structures, mechanical vibrations are the most efficiently damped. To cite this article: F. dell'Isola et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

On the damping of nonlinear vibrations in some second-order dynamical systems

This paper continues the study of damping of nonlinear vibrations in second-order dynamical systems for the case considered in [1]. The estimates obtained for energy scattering are applied to a system of two bodies connected by a weightless elastic cable. The system rotates in a plane, and the viscous friction forces in the cable are taken into account. The external drag forces are neglected. Such a problem arises, for example, if the motion of a system of elastically connected spacecraft far from attracting centers is considered [2, 3].     

Uniqueness theorem,theorem of reciprocity,and eigenvalue problems in linear theory of porous piezoelectricity

The uniqueness theorem and the theorem of reciprocity in the linearized porous piezoelectricity are established under the assumption of positive definiteness of elastic and electric fields. General theorems in the linear theory of porous piezoelectric materials are proved for the quasi-static electric field approximation. The uniqueness theorem is also proved without using the positive definiteness of the elastic field. An eigenvalue problem associated with free vibrations of a porous piezoelectric body is studied using the abstract formulation. Some properties of operators are also proved. The problem of frequency shift due to small disturbances, based on an abstract formulation, is studied using a variational and operator approach. A perturbation analysis of a special case is also given.     

Modelling of finite piezoelectric patches: Comparing an approximate power series expansion theory with exact theory

Plate equations for a plate consisting of one elastic layer and one piezoelectric layer with an applied electric voltage have previously been derived by use of power series expansions of the field variables in the thickness coordinate. These plate equations are here evaluated by the consideration of a time harmonic 2D vibration problem with finite layers. The boundary conditions at the sides of the layers then have to be considered. Numerical comparisons of the displacement field are made with solutions from two other theories; a solution with equivalent boundary conditions for a thin piezoelectric layer applied on an elastic plate and an exact solution based on Fourier series expansions. The two approximate theories are shown to be equally good and they both yield accurate results for low frequencies and thin plates.     

Electric and elastic multipole defects in finite piezoelectric media

In this paper, a piezoelectric analogy theorem is proposed, in which a piezoelectric body is represented as being composed of two fictitious bodies, an elastic body and a rigid dielectric body. An electric and elastic multipole approach for the treatment of various defects (dislocation, inhomogeneity, …) in finite piezoelectric media is then developed. It is shown that the electric and elastic coupling effects, the boundary effects, and the defects may be considered uniformly as sources of permanent and induced electric and elastic multipoles.     

Electrically forced shear horizontal vibration of a circular cylindrical elastic shell with a finite piezoelectric actuator

We analyze anti-plane vibrations of a circular cylindrical elastic shell electrically driven by a piezoelectric actuator. The equations of linear elasticity and linear piezoelectricity are used. The mathematical problem is solved using trigonometric series. Basic vibration characteristics including resonant frequencies, mode shapes and electric admittance are calculated.     

Analytical solution for the cylindrical bending vibration of piezoelectric composite plates

An analytical solution for the cylindrical bending vibrations of linear piezoelectric laminated plates is obtained by extending the Stroh formalism to the generalized plane strain vibrations of piezoelectric materials. The laminated plate consists of homogeneous elastic or piezoelectric laminae of arbitrary thickness and width. Fourier basis functions for the mechanical displacements and electric potential that identically satisfy the equations of motion and the charge equation of electrostatics are used to solve boundary value problems via the superposition principle. The coefficients in the infinite series solution are determined from the boundary conditions at the edges and continuity conditions at the interfaces between laminae, which are satisfied in the sense of Fourier series. The formulation admits different boundary conditions at the edges of the laminated piezoelectric composite plate. Results for laminated elastic plates with either distributed or segmented piezoelectric actuators are presented for different sets of boundary conditions at the edges.     

Modelling the Stationary Vibrations and Dissipative Heating of Thin-Walled Inelastic Elements with Piezoactive Layers

A coupled dynamic problem of thermoelectromechanics for thin-walled multilayer elements is formulated based on a geometrically nonlinear theory and the Kirchhoff–Love hypotheses. In the case of harmonic loading, an approximate formulation is given using the concept of complex moduli to characterize the cyclic properties of the material. The model problem on forced vibrations of sandwich beam, whose core layer is made of a passive physically nonlinear material, and face layers, of a viscoelastic piezoactive material, is considered as an example to demonstrate the possibility of damping the vibrations by applying harmonic voltage to the oppositely polarized layers of the beam. Substantiation is given for a linear control law with a complex coefficient for the electric potential, which provides damping of vibrations in the first symmetric mode at the linear and nonlinear stages of deformation. The stress–strain state and dissipative-heating temperature are studied     

DYNAMIC ANTI-PLANE PROBLEMS OF PIEZOCERAMICS AND APPLICATIONS IN ULTRASONICS——A REVIEW

We review theoretical results on anti-plane motions of polarized ceramics based on the linear theory of piezoelectricity.Solutions to dynamic problems of the propagation of bulk acoustic waves (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW),vibrations of finite bodies,and applications to various piezoelectric devices including piezoelectric waveguides,resonators,mass sensors,fluid sensors,actuators,nondestructive evaluation,power harvesters (generators),transformers,and power transmission through an elastic wall by acoustic waves are discussed.Complications due to material inhomogeneity,initial stress,electromagnetic coupling,electric field gradient and semiconduction are also discussed. The paper cites 82 references.     

DYNAMIC ANTI-PLANE PROBLEMS OF PIEZOCERAMICS AND APPLICATIONS IN ULTRASONICS—A REVIEW

We review theoretical results on anti-plane motions of polarized ceramics based on the linear theory of piezoelectricity. Solutions to dynamic problems of the propagation of bulk acoustic waves (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW), vibrations of finite bodies, and applications to various piezoelectric devices including piezoelectric waveguides, resonators, mass sensors, ?uid sensors, actuators, nondestructive evaluation, power harvesters (generators), transformers, and power transmission through an elastic wall by acoustic waves are discussed. Complications due to material inhomogeneity, initial stress, electromagnetic coupling, electric field gradient and semiconduction are also discussed. The paper cites 82 references.     

Basic equations of the theory of thermoviscoelastic plates with distributed sensors and actuators

The basic equations of the theory of thermoviscoelastic thin-walled plates with piezoelectric sensors and actuators under monoharmonic mechanical and electric loading are derived using the Kirchhoff–Love hypotheses. The thermomechanical behavior of passive and piezoactive materials is described using the concept of complex characteristics. Methods of solving nonlinear problems of active damping of thermomechanical vibrations of plates with sensors and actuators are considered. The effect of dissipative heating on the damping of axisymmetric vibrations of a thermoviscoelastic solid circular plate is analyzed as an example     

Basic equations for thermoviscoelastic plates with distributed actuators under monoharmonic loading

The basic equations for thin-walled thermoviscoelastic plates with distributed piezoelectric actuators under monoharmonic mechanical and electric loads are derived. The thermomechanical behavior of materials is described using the concept of complex characteristics. Variational methods of solving nonlinear problems of active damping of the bending vibrations of plates are considered. The effect of dissipative heating on the damping of the axisymmetric bending vibrations of a circular plate is examined as an example Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 107–123, February 2009.