Modified Lagrange–Galerkin methods of first and second order in time for convection–diffusion problems

We introduce modified Lagrange–Galerkin (MLG) methods of order one and two with respect to time to integrate convection–diffusion equations. As numerical tests show, the new methods are more efficient, but maintaining the same order of convergence, than the conventional Lagrange–Galerkin (LG) methods when they are used with either P ₁ or P ₂ finite elements. The error analysis reveals that: (1) when the problem is diffusion dominated the convergence of the modified LG methods is of the form O(h ^m+1 + h ² + Δt ^q ), q = 1 or 2 and m being the degree of the polynomials of the finite elements; (2) when the problem is convection dominated and the time step Δt is large enough the convergence is of the form O(\frach^m+1Dt+h²+Dt^q){O(\frac{h^{m+1}}{\Delta t}+h^{2}+\Delta t^{q})} ; (3) as in case (2) but with Δt small, then the order of convergence is now O(h ^m  + h ² + Δt ^q ); (4) when the problem is convection dominated the convergence is uniform with respect to the diffusion parameter ν (x, t), so that when ν → 0 and the forcing term is also equal to zero the error tends to that of the pure convection problem. Our error analysis shows that the conventional LG methods exhibit the same error behavior as the MLG methods but without the term h ². Numerical experiments support these theoretical results.     

A Property of Isometric Mappings Between Dual Polar Spaces of Type {DQ (2n, {\mathbb K})}

Let f be an isometric embedding of the dual polar space ${\Delta = DQ(2n, {\mathbb K})}Let f be an isometric embedding of the dual polar space D = DQ(2n, \mathbb K){\Delta = DQ(2n, {\mathbb K})} into D￠ = DQ(2n, \mathbb K￠){\Delta^\prime = DQ(2n, {\mathbb K}^\prime)}. Let P denote the point-set of Δ and let e￠: D￠? S￠ @ PG(2ⁿ - 1, \mathbb K￠){e^\prime : \Delta^\prime \rightarrow {\Sigma^\prime} \cong {\rm PG}(2^n - 1, {{\mathbb K}^\prime})} denote the spin-embedding of Δ′. We show that for every locally singular hyperplane H of Δ, there exists a unique locally singular hyperplane H′ of Δ′ such that f(H) = f(P) ?H￠{f(H) = f(P) \cap H^\prime}. We use this to show that there exists a subgeometry S @ PG(2ⁿ - 1, \mathbb K){\Sigma \cong {\rm PG}(2^n - 1, {\mathbb K})} of Σ′ such that: (i) e￠°f (x) ? S{e^\prime \circ f (x) \in \Sigma} for every point x of D; (ii) e : = e￠°f{\Delta; ({\rm ii})\,e := e^\prime \circ f} defines a full embedding of Δ into Σ, which is isomorphic to the spin-embedding of Δ.     

Discreteness and rationality of F-jumping numbers on singular varieties

We prove that the F-jumping numbers of the test ideal t(X; D, \mathfraka^t){\tau(X; \Delta, \mathfrak{a}^t)} are discrete and rational under the assumptions that X is a normal and F-finite scheme over a field of positive characteristic p, K _X  + Δ is \mathbb Q{\mathbb {Q}}-Cartier of index not divisible p, and either X is essentially of finite type over a field or the sheaf of ideals \mathfraka{\mathfrak{a}} is locally principal. This is the largest generality for which discreteness and rationality are known for the jumping numbers of multiplier ideals in characteristic zero.     

Global classical solutions for reaction–diffusion systems with nonlinearities of exponential growth

The aim of this study is to prove global existence of classical solutions for systems of the form ${\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} -a \Delta u=-f(u,v)}The aim of this study is to prove global existence of classical solutions for systems of the form \frac?u?t -a Du=-f(u,v){\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} -a \Delta u=-f(u,v)} , \frac?v?t -b Dv=g(u,v){\frac{\partial v}{\partial t} -b \Delta v=g(u,v)} in (0, +∞) × Ω where Ω is an open bounded domain of class C ¹ in \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}^n}, a > 0, b > 0 and f, g are nonnegative continuously differentiable functions on [0, +∞) × [0, +∞) satisfying f (0, η) = 0, g(x,h) ￡ C j(x)e^ahb{g(\xi,\eta) \leq C \varphi(\xi)e^{\alpha {\eta^\beta}}} and g(ξ, η) ≤ ψ(η)f(ξ, η) for some constants C > 0, α > 0 and β ≥ 1 where j{\varphi} and ψ are any nonnegative continuously differentiable functions on [0, +∞) such that j(0)=0{\varphi(0)=0} and lim_{h? +￥}h^b-1y(h) = l{ \lim_{\eta \rightarrow +\infty}\eta^{\beta -1}\psi(\eta)= \ell} where ℓ is a nonnegative constant. The asymptotic behavior of the global solutions as t goes to +∞ is also studied. For this purpose, we use the appropriate techniques which are based on semigroups, energy estimates and Lyapunov functional methods.     

Density of the polynomials in Hardy and Bergman spaces of slit domains

It is shown that for any t, 0<t<∞, there is a Jordan arc Γ with endpoints 0 and 1 such that G\{1} í \mathbbD:={z:|z| < 1}\Gamma\setminus\{1\}\subseteq\mathbb{D}:=\{z:|z|<1\} and with the property that the analytic polynomials are dense in the Bergman space \mathbbA^t(\mathbbD\G)\mathbb{A}^{t}(\mathbb{D}\setminus\Gamma) . It is also shown that one can go further in the Hardy space setting and find such a Γ that is in fact the graph of a continuous real-valued function on [0,1], where the polynomials are dense in H^t(\mathbbD\G)H^{t}(\mathbb{D}\setminus\Gamma) ; improving upon a result in an earlier paper.     

Critical exponent for a quasilinear parabolic equation with inhomogeneous density in a cone

In this paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem of porous medium equation ρ(x)u _t  = Δu ^m  + V(x)h(t)u ^p in a cone D = (0, ∞) × Ω, where V(x)  ~  |x|^s, h(t)  ~  t^s{V(x)\,{\sim}\, |x|^\sigma, h(t)\,{\sim}\, t^s}. Let ω ₁ denote the smallest Dirichlet eigenvalue for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on Ω and let l denote the positive root of l ² + (n − 2)l = ω ₁. We prove that if m < p ￡ 1+(m-1)(1+s)+\frac2(s+1)+sn+l{m < p \leq 1+(m-1)(1+s)+\frac{2(s+1)+\sigma}{n+l}}, then the problem has no global nonnegative solutions for any nonnegative u ₀ unless u ₀ = 0; if ${p >1 +(m-1)(1+s)+\frac{2(s+1)+\sigma}{n+l}}${p >1 +(m-1)(1+s)+\frac{2(s+1)+\sigma}{n+l}}, then the problem has global solutions for some u ₀ ≥ 0.     

Solvability of boundary-value problems for nonlinear fractional differential equations

We consider the existence of nontrivial solutions of the boundary-value problems for nonlinear fractional differential equations

On the global well-posedness of a class of Boussinesq�CNavier�CStokes systems

In this paper we consider the following 2D Boussinesq–Navier–Stokes systems

Existence and uniqueness of positive solutions to nonlinear fractional differential equation with integral boundary conditions

In this paper, we consider the following nonlinear fractional three-point boundary-value problem:

Decay of mass for nonlinear equation with fractional Laplacian

The large time behavior of non-negative solutions to the reaction–diffusion equation ?_t u=-(-D)^a/2u - u^p{\partial_t u=-(-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}u - u^p}, ${(\alpha\in(0,2], \;p > 1)}${(\alpha\in(0,2], \;p > 1)} posed on \mathbbR^N{\mathbb{R}^N} and supplemented with an integrable initial condition is studied. We show that the anomalous diffusion term determines the large time asymptotics for p > 1 + α/N, while nonlinear effects win if p ≤ 1 + α/N.     

On the mean lattice point discrepancy of a convex disc

For a convex planar domain D \cal {D} , with smooth boundary of finite nonzero curvature, we consider the number of lattice points in the linearly dilated domain t D t \cal {D} . In particular the lattice point discrepancy P_D(t) P_{\cal {D}}(t) (number of lattice points minus area), is investigated in mean-square over short intervals. We establish an asymptotic formula for¶¶ ò_{T - L}^{T + L}(P_D(t))²dt \int\limits_{T - \Lambda}^{T + \Lambda}(P_{\cal {D}}(t))^2\textrm{d}t ,¶¶ for any L = L(T) \Lambda = \Lambda(T) growing faster than logT.     

On expansions of numbers in alternating <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-adic series and Ostrogradskii series of the first and second kind

We present expansions of real numbers in alternating s-adic series (1 < s ∈ N), in particular, s-adic Ostrogradskii series of the first and second kind. We study the “geometry” of this representation of numbers and solve metric and probability problems, including the problem of structure and metric-topological and fractal properties of the distribution of the random variable

Blow up of subcritical quantities at the first singular time of the mean curvature flow

Consider a family of smooth immersions F(·,t) : Mⁿ? \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{F(\cdot,t)\,:\,{M^n\to \mathbb{R}^{n+1}}} of closed hypersurfaces in \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} moving by the mean curvature flow \frac?F(p,t)?t = -H(p,t)·n(p,t){\frac{\partial F(p,t)}{\partial t} = -H(p,t)\cdot \nu(p,t)}, for t ? [0,T){t\in [0,T)}. We show that at the first singular time of the mean curvature flow, certain subcritical quantities concerning the second fundamental form, for example ò₀^tò_Ms\frac|A|^{n + 2} log (2 + |A|) dmds,{\int_{0}^{t}\int_{M_{s}}\frac{{\vert{\it A}\vert}^{n + 2}}{ log (2 + {\vert{\it A}\vert})}} d\mu ds, blow up. Our result is a log improvement of recent results of Le-Sesum, Xu-Ye-Zhao where the scaling invariant quantities were considered.     

The geometry of whips

In this article, we study geometric aspects of the space of arcs parameterized by unit speed in the L ² metric. Physically, this corresponds to the motion of a whip, and it also arises in studying shape recognition. The geodesic equation is the nonlinear, nonlocal wave equation η _tt = ∂ _s (σ η _s ), with \lvert h_s\rvert o 1{\lvert \eta_{s}\rvert\equiv 1} and σ given by s_ss- \lvert h_ss\rvert² s = -\lvert h_st\rvert²{\sigma_{ss}- \lvert \eta_{ss}\rvert^2 \sigma = -\lvert \eta_{st}\rvert^2}, with boundary conditions σ(t, 1) = σ(t, −1) = 0 and η(t, 0) = 0. We prove that the space of arcs is a submanifold of the space of all curves, that the orthogonal projection exists but is not smooth, and as a consequence we get a Riemannian exponential map that is continuous and even differentiable but not C ¹. This is related to the fact that the curvature is positive but unbounded above, so that there are conjugate points at arbitrarily short times along any geodesic.     

On the existence and uniqueness of minimizers for a class of integral functionals

We study the solvability of the minimization problem

Bound states to critical quasilinear Schr?dinger equations

In this paper, we consider the critical quasilinear Schr?dinger equations of the form

On the log-concavity of Hilbert series of Veronese subrings and Ehrhart series

For every positive integer n, consider the linear operator U _n on polynomials of degree at most d with integer coefficients defined as follows: if we write ${\frac{h(t)}{(1 - t)^{d + 1}}=\sum_{m \geq 0} g(m) \, t^{m}}For every positive integer n, consider the linear operator U _n on polynomials of degree at most d with integer coefficients defined as follows: if we write \frach(t)(1 - t)^{d + 1}=?_{m 3 0} g(m)  t^m{\frac{h(t)}{(1 - t)^{d + 1}}=\sum_{m \geq 0} g(m) \, t^{m}} , for some polynomial g(m) with rational coefficients, then \fracU_nh(t)(1- t)^d+1 = ?_{m 3 0}g(nm)  t^m{\frac{{\rm{U}}_{n}h(t)}{(1- t)^{d+1}} = \sum_{m \geq 0}g(nm) \, t^{m}} . We show that there exists a positive integer n _d , depending only on d, such that if h(t) is a polynomial of degree at most d with nonnegative integer coefficients and h(0) = 1, then for n ≥ n _d , U _n h(t) has simple, real, negative roots and positive, strictly log concave and strictly unimodal coefficients. Applications are given to Ehrhart δ-polynomials and unimodular triangulations of dilations of lattice polytopes, as well as Hilbert series of Veronese subrings of Cohen–Macauley graded rings.     

Nontangential Limits and Fatou-Type Theorems on Post-Critically Finite Self-Similar Sets

In this paper we study the boundary limit properties of harmonic functions on ℝ₊×K, the solutions u(t,x) to the Poisson equation

An Almost Sure Limit Theorem for Super-Brownian Motion

We establish an almost sure scaling limit theorem for super-Brownian motion on ℝ ^d associated with the semi-linear equation u_t=\frac12Du+bu-au²u_{t}=\frac{1}{2}\Delta u+\beta u-\alpha u^{2} , where α and β are positive constants. In this case, the spectral theoretical assumptions required in Chen et al. (J. Funct. Anal. 254:1988–2019, 2008) are not satisfied. An example is given to show that the main results also hold for some sub-domains in ℝ ^d .     

Smooth Universal Taylor Series

Let W í \Bbb C\Omega \subseteq {\Bbb C} be a simply connected domain in \Bbb C{\Bbb C} , such that {￥} è[ \Bbb C \[`(W)]]\{\infty\} \cup [ {\Bbb C} \setminus \bar{\Omega}] is connected. If g is holomorphic in Ω and every derivative of g extends continuously on [`(W)]\bar{\Omega} , then we write g ∈ A^∞ (Ω). For g ∈ A^∞ (Ω) and z ? [`(W)]\zeta \in \bar{\Omega} we denote S_N (g,z)(z) = ?^N_l=0\fracg^(l) (z)l ! (z-z)^lS_N (g,\zeta )(z)= \sum^{N}_{l=0}\frac{g^{(l)} (\zeta )}{l !} (z-\zeta )^l . We prove the existence of a function f ∈ A^∞(Ω), such that the following hold: