N-杂环芳基水溶性碳点全光谱紫外吸收剂的合成与应用

通过水热法制备出以含N原子的芳香化合物、柠檬酸钠和乙二胺为原料的水溶性碳点紫外吸收剂,并对不同芳香族化合物制备的碳点进行老化试验,最终筛选出具有耐老化性能的碳点(A-CDs),其中,富含—COOH、—NH₂等官能团且具有紫外全吸收性能,并进一步通过优化反应条件提高了其吸收性能。将A-CDs与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合,形成高性能的紫外屏蔽膜。当CDs的质量分数从0.02%增加至0.1%时,紫外透过率从8%降低至3%,说明碳点能在薄膜中稳定存在。同时,碳点的加入可以降低薄膜在紫外照射下的衰老速率,维持薄膜的力学性能。     

碳点及其在无机材料中多种功能的应用

碳点（CDs）与无机材料结合可能改善两者的性能甚至出现新性能。本文重点介绍CDs以下三种性能在无机材料中的应用：利用CDs的发光性能,可将CDs与无机材料结合用于照明、防伪等;利用CDs的紫外吸收性能,可将其与无机材料结合用作紫外屏蔽剂;利用CDs的化学性能可调控无机材料的结构或增强无机材料的性能。最后,展望了CDs在无机材料中的多功能应用,以期为无机材料的创新性发展做出贡献。     

ZnO/CeO_2空心球的制备及其紫外屏蔽性能

利用液相沉积和高温煅烧相结合的方法来制备掺杂Zn O的CeO_2(Zn O/CeO_2)空心球并探究其紫外屏蔽性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面积(BET)分析样品的形貌和粒径大小,用X射线衍射(XRD)来探究制备样品的晶型和纯度,利用固体紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和罗丹明B溶液在的紫外光下的自降解性能来探究样品的紫外屏蔽能力。结果表明:制备的Zn O/CeO_2空心球在200~400 nm波长范围内的紫外光区有较强的吸收,且对于450 nm以上的可见光的透过率达100%,是很好的紫外屏蔽材料。     

Cu2+对树状大分子PAMAM-FCD荧光性能的影响

以小分子2-芴醛(FCD)修饰树状大分子聚酰胺-氨PAMAM, 合成了1~3代树状大分子PAMAM-FCD, 用IR, 1H NMR和MALDI-TOF-MS等手段表征了化合物结构, 研究了Cu2+浓度对其荧光及紫外性能的影响. 结果表明, Cu2+可使其荧光强度和紫外吸收不同程度地增强. 在紫外光谱中, Cu2+自身的吸收峰消失, 表明Cu2+参与配位. PAMAM-FCD有望成为蓝光区荧光材料及树状大分子-铜杂化材料.     

国产紫外分析灯的改装

在薄层层析、纸上层析等分析工作中,经常需要在紫外光下观察斑点的位置。紫外光源通常是用高压汞灯或低压汞灯,通过适当的滤光片得到以365nm 或254nm 波长为主的汞光谱线。目前不少单位都备有国产的紫外分析灯。这种灯使用500W 的玻璃外壳高压汞灯及透过365nm 的滤光片,得到365nm 波长的紫外光,只能用以观察由365nm 紫外光激发的萤光,不能用以观察对较短波长紫外光的吸收斑点或由较短波长紫外光激发的萤光斑点,并且此灯的紫外光强度也较弱,在使用上有很大的局限性。我们将这种紫外分析灯进行改装,改用石英外壳的汞灯,并使之既能在高压状态工作,又能在低压状态工作,并改成具有两种紫外滤光片。改装后的紫外灯,一灯多性能,既能得到较强的365nm 的紫外光,又能得到较短波长的254nm 的     

基于天冬氨酸与纤维素碳点材料的合成与性能研究

以羟乙基纤维素为碳源,L-天冬氨酸为氮源,通过一步水热合成法制备氮掺杂碳量子点(CDs)材料.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、荧光分光光谱仪(FS)和紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)对产物进行表征分析,研究了不同氮掺杂含量和氧气对CDs的光致发光性能的影响.结果表明:制备得到的CDs材料表面富含O和N原子;掺杂N原子有效提高了CDs的荧光强度,且荧光强度随着激发波长的增大,呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;其中荧光量子产率最高达到27.5%;CDs材料在无氧环境下的荧光强度要比有氧环境下的大,表明氧气的存在对碳量子点材料表面荧光有猝灭作用.     

超支化聚(酰胺-酯)的端基光致变色改性研究

采用丁二酸酐、三羟甲基氨基甲烷为主要原料,先在冰水浴条件下合成AB3型单体,然后进行熔融缩聚制得超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP),最后用4-(4′-二甲氨基苯基偶氮)苯甲酸对HBP的末端羟基进行功能化改性,得到了一种具有光致变色和酸碱变色性的HBP;用紫外光谱对改性超支化聚(酰胺-酯)的变色性进行了研究。结果表明：随紫外光照时间延长紫外吸收强度增加;随pH值增大紫外吸收波长向短波方向移动。     

磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的制备

以磁性CoFe2O4为核,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料.利用VSM(振动样品磁强计)技术对其磁性能进行了研究,结果表明:由该法所得的TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的饱和磁化强度虽稍弱于纯CoFe2O4纳米材料,但其矫顽力则优于CoFe2O4.TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等的结果表明,该纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿结构;与TiO2相比,纳米复合材料对光的吸收拓展到了整个紫外-可见区,且吸收强度大大增强.对染料废水光催化降解的模拟研究表明,该复合材料在紫外光下,6 h可以使亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色率达95%,且重复使用3次时染料溶液的脱色率仍能保持在90%,明显优于纯TiO2.     

2,4,6-三(对甲氧基苯乙烯基)-1,3,5-均三嗪光转换剂的合成

合成了新化合物2,4,6-三(对甲氧基苯乙烯基)-1,3,5-均三嗪(TMST);利用红外光谱、元素分析和核磁共振(1 H NMR)分析了化合物的组成和结构,利用紫外和荧光光谱分析了其光谱特征.结果表明,在375nm的紫外光激发下,化合物在410～480nm区域发出较强的蓝光,对应于叶绿素a的主吸收峰;这表明其可望作为一种新的蓝光光转换剂而应用于农用薄膜.     

两种菁类染料复合敏化TiO2纳米晶电极的光电化学研究

应用光电化学方法研究了两种菁类染料Cy3和Cy5复合敏化TiO2纳米晶电极的光电化学行为. 结合两种染料的紫外-可见光谱和循环伏安曲线, 确定了Cy3和Cy5的电子基态和激发态能级位置. 结果表明两种染料的激发态能级位置能与TiO2纳米粒子导带边位置相匹配, 复合敏化可以显著提高TiO2纳米晶的光电流, 使TiO2纳米晶电极吸收波长由紫外光区红移至可见光区和近红外区. 复合敏化降低了染料Cy3在电极吸附时的聚集程度, 使其单色光的转换效率(IPCE)提高了169%, 复合敏化电极总的光电转换效率η为2.09%, 分别是Cy3和Cy5单独敏化时光电转换效率的2.069和1.229倍.     

Multi-Color Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Graphitized sp2 Conjugated Domains and Surface State Energy Level Co-Modulate Band Gap Rather Than Size Effects

Four types of carbon dots (CDs) with various color (blue, green, yellow, and red) emissions have been synthesized under solvent-free conditions from citric acid and different nitrogen sources (DMF, urea, ethanamide, and formamide). By detailed characterization and comparison, it is confirmed that the graphitized sp² conjugated domain and surface functional groups such as C−O and C=N play synergetic roles in adjusting the fluorescence properties. Notably, the size effect is not the dominant mechanism to achieve multi-color fluorescence emissions in this work. The structural configuration of the carbon dots further influences the energy band structure, as demonstrated in simplified energy level diagrams. An absorption peak at approximately 560 nm appears in the visible light region for red-emitting CDs, assigned to an n→π* transition of the aromatic structure, thus introducing a new surface state energy level, resulting in a reduction in the energy of electron transition and the expansion into the visible region of the UV/Vis spectrum. Taking advantage of the diverse absorption and emission properties, different CDs/TiO₂ binary composites are obtained for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, and it is found that the absorption range in terms of visible light and the band gap of the carbon dots make a difference to the photocatalytic performance of the composites.     

Red,Green, and Blue Luminescence by Carbon Dots: Full‐Color Emission Tuning and Multicolor Cellular Imaging

A facile approach for preparation of photoluminescent (PL) carbon dots (CDs) is reported. The three resulting CDs emit bright and stable red, green and blue (RGB) colors of luminescence, under a single ultraviolet‐light excitation. Alterations of PL emission of these CDs are tentatively proposed to result from the difference in their particle size and nitrogen content. Interestingly, up‐conversion (UC)PL of these CDs is also observed. Moreover, flexible full‐color emissive PVA films can be achieved through mixing two or three CDs in the appropriate ratios. These CDs also show low cytotoxicity and excellent cellular imaging capability. The facile preparation and unique optical features make these CDs potentially useful in numerous applications such as light‐emitting diodes, full‐color displays, and multiplexed (UC)PL bioimaging.     

Red,Green, and Blue Luminescence by Carbon Dots: Full‐Color Emission Tuning and Multicolor Cellular Imaging

A facile approach for preparation of photoluminescent (PL) carbon dots (CDs) is reported. The three resulting CDs emit bright and stable red, green and blue (RGB) colors of luminescence, under a single ultraviolet‐light excitation. Alterations of PL emission of these CDs are tentatively proposed to result from the difference in their particle size and nitrogen content. Interestingly, up‐conversion (UC)PL of these CDs is also observed. Moreover, flexible full‐color emissive PVA films can be achieved through mixing two or three CDs in the appropriate ratios. These CDs also show low cytotoxicity and excellent cellular imaging capability. The facile preparation and unique optical features make these CDs potentially useful in numerous applications such as light‐emitting diodes, full‐color displays, and multiplexed (UC)PL bioimaging.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped carbon dots for selective fluorescent sensing and cellular imaging of cobalt(II)

Microchimica Acta - Strongly blue fluorescent N-doped carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by using citric acid (CA) as the carbon source and diethylenetriamine (DETA) as the nitrogen source using a...     

Carbon Dots in a Matrix: Energy‐Transfer‐Enhanced Room‐Temperature Red Phosphorescence

High‐efficiency red room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions have been achieved by embedding carbon dots (CDs) in crystalline Mn‐containing open‐framework matrices. The rationale of this strategy relies on two factors: 1) the carbon source, which affects the triplet energy levels of the resulting CDs and thus the spectral overlap and 2) the coordination geometry of the Mn atoms in the crystalline frameworks, which determines the crystal‐field splitting and thus the emission spectra. Embedding the carbon dots into a matrix with 6‐coordinate Mn centers resulted in a strong red RTP with a phosphorescence efficiency of up to 9.6 %, which is higher than that of most reported red RTP materials. The composite material has an ultrahigh optical stability in the presence of strong oxidants, various organic solvents, and strong ultraviolet radiation. A green‐yellow RTP composite was also prepared by using a matrix with 4‐coordinate Mn centers and different carbon precursors.     

Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Their Application in Ascorbic Acid Detection

Water-soluble fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source. The repeated and scale-up synthetic experiments were carried out to explore the feasibility of macroscopic preparation of CDs. The CDs/Fe³⁺ composite was prepared by the interaction of the CDs solution and Fe³⁺ solution. The optical properties, pH dependence and stability behavior of CDs or the CDs/Fe³⁺ composite were studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Following the principles of fluorescence quenching after the addition of Fe³⁺ and then the fluorescence recovery after the addition of asorbic acid, the fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots was measured at λex = 360 nm, λem = 460 nm. The content of ascorbic acid was calculated by quantitative analysis of the changing fluorescence intensity. The CDs/Fe³⁺ composite was applied to the determination of different active molecules, and it was found that the composite had specific recognition of ascorbic acid and showed an excellent linear relationship in 5.0–350.0 μmol·L⁻¹. Moreover, the detection limit was 3.11 μmol·L⁻¹. Satisfactory results were achieved when the method was applied to the ascorbic acid determination in jujube fruit. The fluorescent carbon dots composites prepared in this study may have broad application prospects in a rapid, sensitive and trace determination of ascorbic acid content during food processing.     

Tunable light emission from carbon dots by controlling surface defects

Carbon dots (CDs) are metal-free fluorescent materials that can be used in optical and electronic devices, but few studies have focused on one-step synthesis routes for CDs with tunable color and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, CDs with tunable light emission were synthesized using a novel amide-assisted solvothermal approach. The as-prepared CDs were well dispersed and homogeneous, with average diameters of approximately 2.0–4.0 nm, depending on the dopants. Owing to the surface states with different ratios of nitrogen- and oxygen-related species, different CDs can exhibit blue, green, red, or white emission with relatively high PLQYs of 61.6%, 41.3%, 29.1% and 19.7%, respectively. XPS measurements, in conjunction with DFT calculations, indicate that nitrogen substitution (pyridinic/pyrrolic nitrogen) dominates the blue emission, while introducing oxygen functional groups lowered the LUMO energy level, which resulted in redder emission. In addition, the CDs are demonstrated as a bioimaging probe in both in vitro and in vivo assays, and the white light CDs have been demonstrated to be potential fluorescent materials for white-light-emitting diode (WLED).     

酪氨酸微波水热法制备碳点及其在Fe3+检测和荧光标记方面的应用

以酪氨酸为原料,乙二胺为钝化剂,采用绿色、简便的微波辅助水热法制备了尺寸均一、分散性好的碳点.通过调节乙二胺的加入量可以在一定程度上对碳点尺寸进行调节.所得碳点可以通过改变激发波长实现蓝光到绿光的转变,且荧光强度随激发光波长的红移也保持了一定的强度.所得碳点对Fe³⁺具有很好的选择性猝灭,被用于检测Fe³⁺时检测限为0.82 nmol/L,检出限为2.98 nmol/L.所制备碳点具有良好的生物相容性和低细胞毒性,被用于标记AD293细胞时标记位置为细胞质.     

Long-wavelength (red to near-infrared) emissive carbon dots: Key factors for synthesis,fluorescence mechanism,and applications in biosensing and cancer theranostics

Carbon dots (CDs), as a new member of carbon nanostructures, have been widely applied in extensive fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. While, the emissions of most reported CDs are located in the blue to green range under the excitation of ultraviolet or blue light, which severely limits their practical applications, especially in photovoltaic and biological fields. Studies that focused on synthesizing CDs with long-wavelength (red to near-infrared) emission/excitation features (simply named L-w CDs) and exploring their potential applications have been frequently reported in recent years. In this review, we analyzed the key influence factors for the synthesis of CDs with long wavelength and multicolor (containing long wavelength) emissive properties, discussed possible fluorescence mechanism, and summarized their applications in sensing and cancer theranostics. Finally, the existing challenges and potential opportunities of L-w CDs are presented.     

大豆蛋白改性TiO_2的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列大豆蛋白改性TiO_2复合催化剂.通过元素分析、粒度分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、电化学等方法对所制备的样品进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,研究了大豆蛋白改性TiO_2的可见光催化性能.结果表明,大豆蛋白改性可以一步实现C、N、H多种非金属元素共掺杂;相比纯TiO_2,改性后复合催化剂的比表面积增大;所有样品均为锐钛矿相;煅烧温度为400℃时,复合催化剂的可见光吸收发生明显红移,其禁带宽度较纯TiO_2窄化了0.32 e V;大豆蛋白改性后,复合材料的光电流密度增大;在可见光照射下,光催化反应2 h时,大豆蛋白改性TiO_2的亚甲基蓝降解效率最高可达79.4%.