Minimization of Cross-Gain Saturation in Wavelength Division Multiplexing by Optimizing Differential Gain in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

We successfully simulated the 10 × 40 Gbit/s soliton RZ-DPSK WDM signals over 1050 km with spectral efficiency approaching 0.4 bit/s/Hz using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as in-line amplifier. The cross-gain saturation of SOA can be minimized by settling crosstalk at a lower level by decreasing the differential gain. This decrease in differential gain is in such a way that we get nil power penalty. The maximum transmission distance of 1050 km is possible with differential gain 210 atto cm² of SOA.

The impact of amplification factor, ASE noise power, crosstalk, quality factor and bit error rate for different differential gain has been investigated. It has been shown that with the increase in differential gain of SOA, the transmission distance goes on decreasing. At high value of differential gain 2.5 × 10^-16 cm² for the transmission distance 1050 km, all channels produce inter channel crosstalk with bit error rate greater than 10^-6. But for lower differential gain 190 atto cm², the quality of all channel increases at the cost of large power penalty.

With slight increase in differential gain 200 atto cm², the maximum transmission distance observed is 4550 km with quality of received signal more than 15 dB and having nil power penalty. We observed clear eye diagrams and optical power spectra for received signal with transmission distance 1050 km and 4550 km using soliton RZ-DPSK system. The bit error rate for all channels increase more than 10^-10 with the increase in launched input power that is due to power saturation.     

偏振模色散及非线性效应对40 Gbit/s密集波分复用系统的影响

高速率、大容量的密集波分复用系统是光纤通信系统的最终发展方向 ,单信道速率达到 4 0Gbit/s时 ,光纤的非线性效应、偏振模色散现象对系统的影响更加突出。在综合考虑群速度色散、自相位调制、交叉相位调制、四波混合、偏振模色散等因素的基础上 ,推导了密集波分复用系统中任意信道的耦合非线性薛定谔方程组。利用扩展的分步傅里叶方法对该方程进行了数值计算 ,通过对 8× 4 0Gbit/s密集波分复用系统的仿真 ,分别研究了非线性效应和偏振模色散对密集波分复用系统的影响。发现由于交叉相位调制和四波混合作用 ,多波长的密集波分复用系统比单波系统受非线性效应影响严重 ;系统受偏振模色散与非线性效应的影响程度与输入信号功率有关 ,在入射光单信道平均功率较低 0 .1mW时 ,偏振模色散是影响系统性能的主要因素 ;当入射光单信道平均功率较高1mW时 ,系统受非线性效应影响严重。而偏振模色散在使信号脉冲展宽的同时 ,类似于非零色散位移光纤中的微小色散 ,对非线性效应又有一定的抑制作用。     

用于波分复用的缺陷态复周期结构光子晶体滤波器的研究

利用传输矩阵法，研究了一种用于波分复用的光子晶体滤波器。该结构是中间包含一个缺陷层的一维三层念质的光子晶体，叫做缺陷态复周期结构光子晶体。通过数值计算得出它的色散关系和滤波特性。当改变缺陷层的厚度并保持其折射率不变时，带隙中将出现个数不同的局域模。缺陷层厚度增加时，局域模数也随着增加。适当调节缺陷层厚度，使带隙中出现八个窄带滤波窗口，能很好的用作八通道波分复用一解复用滤波器。由于很高的传输率和低的传输损耗，故在高速，长距离光通信中将有很好的应用。     

一种用于密集波分复用系统中的可调谐液晶法布里-珀罗滤光片

基于液晶分子的双折射特性，设计并制作了一种结构简单的可用于波分复用系统中的可调谐液晶法布里-珀罗滤光片。对器件的光谱调谐特性进行了分析和模拟，并得到了液晶分子的折射率调制与其分子在电场作用下产生的转动角度之间的关系式。最后，对所设计的结构进行了制作和实验，测试结果显示了滤光片的性能受液晶分子的排列特性和法布里-珀罗腔的反射镜参量的影响较大，同时实验表明了这种利用向列型液晶分子作为法布里-珀罗腔内介质的可调谐滤光片在加电压调试下其调谐性能良好，调谐范围可覆盖C波段，透过峰的半峰全宽达到了0．8nm，实验结果与设计相吻合。     

Gamma-Gamma湍流信道中大气光通信系统误码特性分析

大气信道中的大气湍流是影响无线激光通信系统性能的主要因素之一, 其引起的强度闪烁效应会对接收信号的提取和还原造成很大干扰。基于Gamma-Gamma概率分布的大气湍流信道统计模型, 研究了利用副载波相移键控(PSK)强度调制技术的大气光通信系统的误码特性; 推导了副载波二进制相移键控(BPSK)及开关键控(OOK)两种调制模式下的系统误码率表达式; 对在一定条件下的大气光通信系统, 比较了副载波BPSK和OOK两种调制模式的误码特性; 分析了链路特征、接收口径尺寸、通信波长和天顶角等因素对系统误码率的影响。结果表明, 增大接收孔径和通信波长都能有效地降低系统误码率, 而天顶角的增大则会使系统误码率增加, 副载波BPSK调制模式的误码特性要优于OOK调制模式的误码特性。     

Performance Evaluation of a Gigabit Optical CDMA Network for Two Distinct Families of Two-Dimensional Codes and Different Transmission Rates

This paper investigates the performance of a given gigabit optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) network for two distinct families of two-dimensional (2-D) codes. The purpose of this analysis is to provide additional information regarding code adequacy to a given system availability so that performance optimization can be more efficiently carried out. The analysis takes into account construction aspects of the codes as well as dispersive and nonlinear effects in the single-mode fiber (SMF), such as group velocity dispersion (GVD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), self-phase modulation (SPM), and cross-phase modulation (XPM). The analysis focuses on four different transmission rates, i.e., 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 Gbit/s, and describes how signal degradations impact the performance of the network. The simulations are carried out for a back-to-back system and for a 50-km dispersion-compensated fiber-optic link.     

Multi parameter optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier using genetic algorithm for S band dense wavelength division multiplexed system

A simple genetic algorithm is implemented to perform multi parameter optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier for 100 channel S band dense wavelength division multiplexed system at 25 GHz interval. A cost effective system using single Raman pump is investigated aiming at maximum average gain. The single counter propagating pump is optimized to frequency of 211.528 THz and 652.93 mW power level with optimum Raman fiber length of 44.064 Km. There is evidence to show that the optimum solution presents a small gain variation (less than 3 dB) over an effective bandwidth covering 197–199.475 THz. The optimized configuration enabled an adequate system performance in terms of acceptable Q-factor (19.52 dB) and BER (1.46 × 10⁻²¹).     

折/衍混合增强现实头盔显示器光学系统设计

利用衍射光学元件独有的负色散性质和可实现光波面任意相位调制的特点 ,在光学系统中引入衍射面 ,设计了出瞳距离为 2 6mm ,出瞳直径为 12mm ,视场角为 2 0°(H)× 15 .4°(V)的用于增强现实的折 /衍混合穿透式双通道头盔显示器的光学系统。设计的系统内、外两个光通道的光能量利用率分别达到 1/4和 1/2。系统分辨力适合采用分辨率为 80 0× 6 0 0、像元尺寸为 33μm的图像源。设计结果 ,系统镜头直径小于 4 6mm ,满足用于双目显示的要求。设计结果表明 ,该系统不仅在结构上满足使用者因素的要求 ,而且成像质量接近衍射极限 ,具有很高的分辨率 ,色差和畸变非常小。设计结果完全满足用于增强现实的要求。     

折/衍混合微光夜视头盔显示器光学系统设计

设计了穿透式双通道单目微光夜视头盔的光学系统。其中微光物镜视场角为± 14°,f数为 1.4 ,含有一个衍射面。设计结果可兼容输入面尺寸为18mm ,面型为平面的二代和三代微光像增强器 ;最大畸变小于 0 .5 % ,可用于夜间精确瞄准与测量。考虑黑暗环境使用的安全问题 ,显示系统采用穿透式双通道单目光学系统 ,实现内部图像和外部真实世界的同时观察。显示系统的特性参量为 :出瞳尺寸为 15mm (H)× 10mm (V)、视场为[± 14°(H) ]× [± 10° (V) ]、出瞳距离为 2 5mm。采用全息组合器大大提高能量利用率。设计结果系统角分辨力为0 .6mrad ,最大畸变为 3%。显示系统结构紧凑 ,可与输出面尺寸为18mm的图像源相连。     

The Effects of Polarization and Non-Linearity on the Performance of WDM System with Optical Cross-Connects

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.