Numerical computation of pulsatile flow through a locally constricted channel

This paper deals with the numerical solution of a pulsatile laminar flow through a locally constricted channel. A finite difference technique has been employed to solve the governing equations. The effects of the flow parameters such as Reynolds number, flow pulsation in terms of Strouhal number, constriction height and length on the flow behaviour have been studied. It is found that the peak value of the wall shear stress has significantly changed with the variation of Reynolds numbers and constriction heights. It is also noted that the Strouhal number and constriction length have little effect on the peak value of the wall shear stress. The flow computation reveals that the peak value of the wall shear stress at maximum flow rate time in pulsatile flow situation is much larger than that due to steady flow. The constriction and the flow pulsation produce flow disturbances at the vicinity of the constriction of the channel in the downstream direction.     

Iterative solvers and inflow boundary conditions for plane sudden expansion flows

Incompressible laminar flow in a symmetric plane sudden expansion is studied numerically. The flow is known to exhibit a stable symmetric solution up to a critical Reynolds number above which symmetry-breaking bifurcation occurs. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of using different iterative solvers on the calculation of the bifurcation point. For this purpose, the governing equations for steady two-dimensional incompressible flow are written in terms of a stream function-vorticity formulation. A second order finite volume discretization is applied. Explicit and implicit solvers are used to solve the resulting system of algebraic equations. It is shown that the explicit solver recovers the stable asymmetric solution, while the implicit solver can recover both the unstable symmetric solution or the stable asymmetric solution, depending on whether the initial guess is symmetric or not. It is also found that the type of inflow velocity profile, whether uniform or parabolic, has a significant effect on the onset of bifurcation as uniform inflows tend to stabilize the symmetric solution by delaying the onset of bifurcation to a higher Reynolds number as compared to parabolic inflows.     

Steady Nonsymmetrical Gravity Waves with Shear in Water

A new type of steady two-dimensional inviscid gravity wave with shear is computed numerically. These waves appear at relatively low amplitudes and lack symmetry with respect to any crest or trough. A boundary integral formulation is used to obtain a one-parameter family of nonsymmetrical solutions through a symmetry-breaking bifurcation.     

Laminar flow separation in an axi-symmetric sudden smooth expanded circular tube

This paper concerns with the investigation of laminar flow separation and its consequences in a tube over a smooth expansion under the axi-symmetric approximations. A co-ordinate stretching has been made to map the expanded tube into a straight tube. The two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are solved approximately by using primitive variables in staggered grid. A thorough quantitative analysis is performed through numerical simulations of the desired quantities such as wall shear stress, axial velocity, pressure distribution etc. These quantities are presented graphically and their consequences in the flow field are analysed in details. The dependence of the flow field on the physical parameter like expansion height d and on the Reynolds number has been investigated in details. It is interesting to note that the peak value of wall shear stress decreases with increasing height of expansion and also with the increasing Reynolds number.     

Magnetic field effects on Newtonian and non-Newtonian ferrofluid flow past a circular cylinder

The changes in the flow properties under the action of electromagnetic body forces are investigated numerically for ferrofluid flow past a circular cylinder. Ferrofluid is modeled as both a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian Power-Law fluid. Magnetic forces are applied by placing magnets at different locations on the surface of the cylinder. The magnetostatic effects on the structure of the wake region, on drag reduction and on vortex formation length and frequency are shown and compared in terms of Reynolds number, interaction parameter, Power-Law index and magnet location. It is shown that the increase in the interaction parameter reduces drag for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian model. This decrease is observed to be higher for shear thinning and lower for shear thickening fluid compared to Newtonian case. It is also shown that vortex street formation in the wake region behind the cylinder may be delayed under high magnetic effects. The Strouhal number is higher for shear thinning case at both low and high Reynolds numbers, and lower for shear thickening case at high Reynolds numbers, compared to Newtonian fluid. The vortex formation frequency also decreases under the action of the magnetic field in all cases, however the vortex formation length increases. Placing the magnet towards the front region of the cylinder increases considerably the drag coefficient for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian model. This increase in drag coefficient is higher in the shear thinning fluid and lower in the shear thickening fluid compared to the Newtonian case.     

Numerical detection of symmetry breaking bifurcation points with nonlinear degeneracies

A numerical tool for the detection of degenerated symmetry breaking bifurcation points is presented. The degeneracies are classified and numerically processed on -D restrictions of the bifurcation equation. The test functions that characterise each of the equivalence classes are constructed by means of an equivariant numerical version of the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction. The classification supplies limited qualitative information concerning the imperfect bifurcation diagrams of the detected bifurcation points.

     

A Five-Dimensional System of Navier-Stokes Equation for a Two-Dimensional Incompressible Fluid on a Torus

A five-mode truncation of Navier-Stokes equation for a two-dimensional incompressible fluid on a torus is studied. Its stationary solutions and stability are presented, the existence of attractor and the global stability of the system are discussed. The whole process, which shows a chaos behavior approached through an involved sequence of bifurcations with the changing of Reynolds number, is simulated numerically. Based on numerical simulation results of bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, Poincare section, power spectrum and return map of the system are revealed.     

SOME REMARKS AID PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE GEOGRAPHY OF FANO 4-FOLDS OF INDEX AND PICARDNUMBER ONE

The two-dimensional steady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a diverging symmetrical channel is examined. The paper exploits a new series summation and improvement technique (i.e. Drazin and Tourigny, 1996). The solutions are expanded into Taylor series with respect to the corresponding Reynolds number and the bifurcation study is perfomed. Parameter ranges for the Reynolds number, where no, one or two solutions of the given type exist, are computed.     

Navier-Stokes方程的脉动速度方程的最优动力系统建模和动力学分析

研究了基于Navier-Stokes方程的脉动速度方程的最优低维动力系统建模理论.最优目标泛函为脉动速度基函数的不可压缩性和正交性.数值计算了充分发展的并排双方柱绕流问题,并基于双尺度全局最优化方法,建立了它的脉动速度的最优动力系统模型.对其相空间轨道、Poincaré截面、分岔特性、功率谱和Lyapunov指数集等动力学特性进行了分析.随着Reynolds数的增加,双方柱绕流的脉动速度方程最优动力系统具有复杂的类倍周期分岔行为.     

T型分叉血管的定常/脉动流动和大分子传质

采用计算流体动力学方法,数值求解了T型分叉流动的定常/脉动流场和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)以及血清白蛋白(Albumin)的浓度分布。计算了雷诺数、主管和支管的流量比等参数对流场和大分子传质的影响,计算结果表明,流体动力学因素影响大分子的分布和跨壁渗透,在动脉硬化的发生和发展过程中起着重要的作用。在流动发生分离处,即支管入口外侧壁面剪应力变化最剧烈,这儿LDL和Albumin的壁面浓度变化也是最剧烈,是动脉硬化危险区。     

Experiments on the flow stability in a double-lid-driven cavity

The stability of the two-dimensional, steady, incompressible flow in a rectangular square cavity is investigated experimentally for the parallel motion of two facing walls. The critical Reynolds numbers for the onset of three-dimensional steady flow, its structure, and the bifurcation diagram of the velocity field, measured by LDV, agree with numerical predictions. It is observed that the wavelength of the selected pattern increases with the Reynolds number. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of wall alignment in a very short rotating annulus

This paper reports numerical results of the study of effects of cylinders wall alignment in a small aspect ratio Taylor–Couette system. The investigation concerns bifurcations of steady vortical structures when the cylindrical walls defining the gap are not perfectly parallel. The imperfection is introduced by opening the outer fixed cylinder with a certain angle with regard to the vertical to form a tapered very short liquid column and keeping the inner rotating cylinder wall vertical. The numerical results obtained for the velocity components have revealed that bifurcation from a particular mode to another one occurs at a range of specific values of the inclination angle of the outer cylinder. The band width of the angle at which bifurcation occurred depended on the Reynolds number Re and was found to become narrower as Re increased. It is shown that geometrically broken symmetry can yield flow symmetry for specific combinations of geometrical and dynamical parameters.     

A vortex method for fluid-particle systems

We consider a two-dimensional, dilute fluid-particle system with low Reynolds number for the flow around the particles and high Reynolds number for the bulk flow. We use a vortex method to calculate numerically the incompressible fluid phase. For the compressible particle phase we use a particle method and Voronoi diagrams to calculate the particle density. We use the Stokes-Oseen formula to represent approximately the force of the fluid on the particles. We give the results of a numerical experiment that show the effect of fluid particle interaction on the bulk flow.     

Pressure and flow in two dimensional numerical bifurcation models

The finite element method has been used to solve the Navier-Strokes equations for steady flow conditions in bifurcations. The results are presented as pressure, velocity and streamline plots at different Reynolds number. The three bifurcations considered have rigid walls and bifurcation angles of 0°, 20° and 180°. For the bifurcation with branch angles 0° and 20° there is flow separation along the inner wall of the outlet branches and large spatial pressure variations, these phenomena being more pronounced at the higher Reynolds numbers. For the bifurcation with a branch angle of 180° the high pressure gradients occured at the outer corner and for the high Reynolds number a vortex formation developed downstream of this corner.     

Structural bifurcation of divergence-free vector fields near non-simple degenerate points with symmetry

In this study, topological features of an incompressible two-dimensional flow far from any boundaries is considered. A rigorous theory has been developed for degenerate streamline patterns and their bifurcation. The homotopy invariance of the index is used to simplify the differential equations of fluid flows which are parameter families of divergence-free vector fields. When the degenerate flow pattern is perturbed slightly, a structural bifurcation for flows with symmetry is obtained. We give possible flow structures near a bifurcation point. A flow pattern is found where a degenerate cusp point appears on the x-axis. Moreover, we also show that bifurcation of the flow structure near a non-simple degenerate critical point with double symmetry is generic away from boundaries. Finally, we give an application of the degenerate flow patterns emerging when index 0 and -2 in a double lid driven cavity and in two dimensional peristaltic flow.     

The Generation of Clear Air Turbulence by Nonlinear Waves

The structure of the critical layer in a stratified shear flow is investigated for finite-amplitude waves at high Reynolds numbers. Under such conditions, which are characteristic of the Clear Air Turbulence environment, nonlinear effects will dominate over diffusive effects. Nevertheless, it is shown that viscosity and heat-conduction still play a significant role in the evolution of such waves. The reason is that buoyancy leads to the formation of thin diffusive shear layers within the critical layer. The local Richardson number is greatly reduced in these layers and they are, therefore, likely to break down into turbulence. A nonlinear mechanism is thus revealed for producing localized instabilities in flows that are stable on a linear basis. The analysis is developed for arbitrary values of the mean flow Richardson number and results are obtained numerically.     

Numerical study of the transition to chaos of a buoyant plume from a two-dimensional open cavity heated from below

The transition to a chaotic plume from a two-dimensional (2D) open cavity heated from below has been investigated using numerical simulation. A large range of Rayleigh numbers (Ra) pertaining to an aspect ratio of A = 1, and Prandtl number (Pr) of Pr = 0.71 (air) is numerically investigated. It is shown that there exists a complex transition of the plume from a steady reflection symmetry to a chaotic flow with a sequence of bifurcations. As the Rayleigh number increases, the plume from the open cavity undergoes a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation from a steady reflection symmetry to a steady reflection asymmetry flow. Once the Rayleigh number exceeds 7 × 10³, the plume appears as a distinct flapping namely, a Hopf bifurcation, and then as a distinct puffing. The chaotic plume has the possibility to exhibit an alternate appearance of flapping and puffing in the event the Rayleigh number exceeds 8 × 10⁴. Moreover, the dynamics of the plume from the open cavity is discussed, and the dependence on the Rayleigh number of heat and mass transfer of the plume from the open cavity is quantified.     

对称破坏分歧点的分裂迭代方法

构造了求解对称破坏分歧点的扩充系统，采用分裂分块迭代方法逼近对称破坏分歧点，并对2.Box Brusselator反应模型进行了数值模拟．     

Numerical Continuation of Hamiltonian Relative Periodic Orbits

The bifurcation theory and numerics of periodic orbits of general dynamical systems is well developed, and in recent years, there has been rapid progress in the development of a bifurcation theory for dynamical systems with structure, such as symmetry or symplecticity. But as yet, there are few results on the numerical computation of those bifurcations. The methods we present in this paper are a first step toward a systematic numerical analysis of generic bifurcations of Hamiltonian symmetric periodic orbits and relative periodic orbits (RPOs). First, we show how to numerically exploit spatio-temporal symmetries of Hamiltonian periodic orbits. Then we describe a general method for the numerical computation of RPOs persisting from periodic orbits in a symmetry breaking bifurcation. Finally, we present an algorithm for the numerical continuation of non-degenerate Hamiltonian relative periodic orbits with regular drift-momentum pair. Our path following algorithm is based on a multiple shooting algorithm for the numerical computation of periodic orbits via an adaptive Poincaré section and a tangential continuation method with implicit reparametrization. We apply our methods to continue the famous figure eight choreography of the three-body system. We find a relative period doubling bifurcation of the planar rotating eight family and compute the rotating choreographies bifurcating from it.      

Bifurcation of multimode flows of a viscous fluid in a plane diverging channel

The pattern of steady multimode flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a plane diverging channel is constructed and investigated. It is shown that odd-mode flows have velocity profiles that are symmetrical about the axis of the channel and from one to three different flows with a fixed number of modes exist. The even-mode flows are asymmetric and exist as pairs. The existence of a denumerable set of finite ranges adjoining one another, in which a single-type of complex bifurcation of the flow occurs, is established in the case of an unbounded range of values of the Reynolds number. As the Reynolds number increases, transitions to flows with an increasing number of modes, containing domains of forward and backward flows, occur successively. Flow patterns with a smaller number of modes do not occur. An increase in the number of an range corresponding to an increase in the Reynolds number leads to an unlimited increase in the length of the range and the number of modes of permissible flows.