基于改进自适应分解法的单通道雷达引信混合信号分离

为了更好地改善单通道多分量调频体制雷达引信信号的时频分布,以便于完成参数估计和信号分离,将自适应chirplet分解法引入到单通道雷达引信信号的分离问题当中,并加入时频曲线弯曲度因子,提出一种改进的自适应chirplet分解法,使其能够被用于非线性相位信号的分解,利用快速算法和优化算法,优化了运算过程,可准确且快速地求解出各参数,得到无交叉项的多分量信号时频分布,使复杂混合情况下的多分量信号也能够被较好地分离.通过仿真,利用该方法对多种情况下混合信号的时频分布进行了很好的改进,而后分解出了各分量信号,并通过分析计算出了相应的混合系数,仿真结果说明了该方法的有效性,且具有一定的抗噪声性能.     

Propagation modeling of ocean-scattered low-elevation GPS signals for maritime tropospheric duct inversion

The maritime tropospheric duct is a low-altitude anomalous refractivity structure over the ocean surface,and it can significantly affect the performance of many shore-based/shipboard radar and communication systems.We propose the idea that maritime tropospheric ducts can be retrieved from ocean forward-scattered low-elevation global positioning system(GPS) signals.Retrieval is accomplished by matching the measured power patterns of the signals to those predicted by the forward propagation model as a function of the modified refractivity profile.On the basis of a parabolic equation method and bistatic radar equation,we develop such a forward model for computing the trapped propagation characteristics of an ocean forward-scattered GPS signal within a tropospheric duct.A new GPS scattering initial field is defined for this model to start the propagation modeling.A preliminary test on the performance of this model is conducted using measured data obtained from a 2009-experiment in the South China Sea.Results demonstrate that this model can predict GPS propagation characteristics within maritime tropospheric ducts and serve as a forward model for duct inversion.     

Nonlinear dynamical analysis of turbulence in a stable cloud layer

An eight mode truncated spectral model based on Burgers' approximation to the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is used to compute the Lyapunov dimension of the dynamical attractor for turbulence in a stable cloud layer. The model results are compared with the correlation dimension obtained earlier from a time series of radar Doppler and reflectivity signals from a turbulent layer in a marine stratus cloud. The analysis supports a weak coupling explanation for the lower correlation dimension found for the reflectivity time series compared with that for the Doppler time series. Turbulent Prandtl number emerges from the analysis as a flow parameter which can enlarge the dimension of the model's dynamical attractor, but the attractor dimension computed for the model remains lower than the radar Doppler correlation dimension. Linear stability analysis of the model's equilibrium states suggests that a nontruncated version of the model will possess an attractor which is also of lower dimension than the radar Doppler correlation dimension. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.     

强电磁脉冲信号激励下复杂目标的散射

 用时域有限差分法仿真了某飞行器缩比模型及该模型涂敷雷达吸波材料的散射特性，得到了鼻锥方向、侧向和后向ns级脉冲激励下模型的时域响应和频域雷达散射截面；并在外场用ns级脉冲源进行了该金属模型的探测实验。仿真与外场实验结果均得到了模型的鼻锥方向回波幅度最小，侧向最大；鼻锥方向回波脉宽最宽，侧向最窄的结论。研究结果表明：外形隐身和材料隐身对ns或亚ns级窄脉冲的隐身效果不明显，ns或亚ns级窄脉冲能发现和识别隐身目标。     

Rainfall estimation over the oceans from 37 GHz radiometric measurements

Summary An improved algorithm to estimate rainfall over the oceans, utilising the observations made by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) radiometer at 37 GHz, is developed. The algorithm is based on an earlier analysis that included the satellite microwave data from SSM/I and the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), and the radar data obtained during the GATE experiment. The modified algorithm was tested by comparing the SSM/I-derived rainfall with the corresponding values obtained by radar and rain gauges in the framework of the GPCP programme, over the seas around Japan. While good agreement of ±25% is obtained in this test, the analysis of the results suggests that further improvements are possible. An attempt to separate rain originated from convective and stratiform clouds is made, based on multichannel measurements obtained from SSM/I.     

Electromagnetic backscattering from one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface Ⅱ:Electromagnetic backscattering model

Sea surface current has a significant influence on electromagnetic(EM) backscattering signals and may constitute a dominant synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imaging mechanism. An effective EM backscattering model for a one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface is presented in this paper. This model is used to simulate EM backscattering signals from the drifting sea surface. Numerical results show that ocean currents have a significant influence on EM backscattering signals from the sea surface. The normalized radar cross section(NRCS) discrepancies between the model for a coupled wavecurrent fractal sea surface and the model for an uncoupled fractal sea surface increase with the increase of incidence angle,as well as with increasing ocean currents. Ocean currents that are parallel to the direction of the wave can weaken the EM backscattering signal intensity, while the EM backscattering signal is intensified by ocean currents propagating oppositely to the wave direction. The model presented in this paper can be used to study the SAR imaging mechanism for a drifting sea surface.     

基于卷积神经网络的雷达目标航迹识别研究

现代战争中雷达信号日趋复杂,如何快速准确地从种类繁多、数据量庞大的雷达检测数据中,获取目标航迹的类别信息,为战场指挥提供准确有效的信息是当前急需解决的难题。传统基于人的经验认知的雷达目标航迹识别方法已经无法有效应对瞬息万变的战场和海量数据。根据实际雷达数据特点,提出了使用对数的雷达航迹预处理方法,并构建了基于卷积神经网络的深度学习模型,实现了对雷达对抗中的目标航迹的识别与检测。基于模拟生成的雷达目标航迹数据对提出的数据预处理方法和构建的模型进行测试;实验表明,所提出的方法能很好地实现对目标航迹的检测与识别。     

基于VPX总线的高速数字电路测试系统研究及应用

为解决战略预警雷达、舰载一体化等重点型号雷达中高速数字电路模块的维护能力,设计了基于VPX总线的高速数字电路自动测试系统,通过自研基于VPX总线的多功能测试模块、光纤测试模块,以及通用VPX背板,再结合通用的仪器设备构建测试系统,可兼顾多个型号雷达高速数字电路模块的测试。该系统可提供10路光纤通道,波特率最高为3.2Gbps;16路GPIO信号,中断响应时间＜50us;14路Rocket IO信号,传输速率2.5Gbps;4路*4Rapid IO信号,传输速率3.125Gbps。研究及实测结果表明该系统可解决基于VPX总线的高速数字电路模块的测试。     

Multi-task learning approach for modulation and wireless signal classification for 5G and beyond: Edge deployment via model compression

Future communication networks must address the scarce spectrum to accommodate extensive growth of heterogeneous wireless devices. Efforts are underway to address spectrum coexistence, enhance spectrum awareness, and bolster authentication schemes. Wireless signal recognition is becoming increasingly more significant for spectrum monitoring, spectrum management, secure communications, among others. Consequently, comprehensive spectrum awareness on the edge has the potential to serve as a key enabler for the emerging beyond 5G (fifth generation) networks. State-of-the-art studies in this domain have (i) only focused on a single task – modulation or signal (protocol) classification – which in many cases is insufficient information for a system to act on, (ii) consider either radar or communication waveforms (homogeneous waveform category), and (iii) does not address edge deployment during neural network design phase. In this work, for the first time in the wireless communication domain, we exploit the potential of deep neural networks based multi-task learning (MTL) framework to simultaneously learn modulation and signal classification tasks while considering heterogeneous wireless signals such as radar and communication waveforms in the electromagnetic spectrum. The proposed MTL architecture benefits from the mutual relation between the two tasks in improving the classification accuracy as well as the learning efficiency with a lightweight neural network model. We additionally include experimental evaluations of the model with over-the-air collected samples and demonstrate first-hand insight on model compression along with deep learning pipeline for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. We demonstrate significant computational, memory, and accuracy improvement of the proposed model over two reference architectures. In addition to modeling a lightweight MTL model suitable for resource-constrained embedded radio platforms, we provide a comprehensive heterogeneous wireless signals dataset for public use.     

Multi-target ranging using an optical reservoir computing approach in the laterally coupled semiconductor lasers with self-feedback

We utilize three parallel reservoir computers using semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and light injection to model radar probe signals with delays. Three radar probe signals are generated by driving lasers constructed by a three-element laser array with self-feedback. The response lasers are implemented also by a three-element lase array with both delay-time feedback and optical injection, which are utilized as nonlinear nodes to realize the reservoirs. We show that each delayed radar probe signal can be predicted well and to synchronize with its corresponding trained reservoir, even when parameter mismatches exist between the response laser array and the driving laser array. Based on this, the three synchronous probe signals are utilized for ranging to three targets, respectively, using Hilbert transform. It is demonstrated that the relative errors for ranging can be very small and less than 0.6%. Our findings show that optical reservoir computing provides an effective way for applications of target ranging.     

多普勒雷达测量电磁轨道炮内弹道速度

介绍了W波段多普勒雷达测量电磁轨道炮内弹道度速度的基本方法,并对口径30mm×25mm的串联增强型电磁轨道炮内弹道速度进行了实际测量。初步研究表明:雷达接收的信号易受到脉冲放电过程的干扰;雷达信号的信噪比取决于电枢与轨道电接触状态,在电源充电电压较低、接触面无电弧生成时测得了完整的内弹道速度,并与丝网靶和磁探针测量结果吻合;在较高充电电压条件下,由于电弧电接触产生的干扰,测速结果不够理想。     

Signatures of deterministic chaos in radar sea clutter and ocean surface winds

Several time series of wind components and X-band Doppler radar signals, gathered concurrently over a approximately 0.01 km(2) area of the ocean surface, were examined for evidence of a low-dimensional dynamical attractor with the Grassburger-Procaccia algorithm. Only the vertically polarized radar reflectivity and the horizontal surface wind speed time series suggested the presence of such an attractor. The correlation dimension for these two observables appeared to be nearly the same. This suggested a working hypothesis that the dynamical behavior of both the vertically polarized radar reflectivity and the horizontal surface winds are controlled by a single low-dimensional dynamical system. The hypothesis was further examined by predicting winds from radar reflectivity, using a neural network deterministic model, and comparing the prediction performance with that of the SEASAT statistical algorithm for retrieving surface winds from radar backscatter. It was found that the deterministic model did, in fact, achieve a higher prediction correlation coefficient for a limited time period. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.     

Wide-Line Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Sulfur-33 in Minerals

Abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of ³³S in solid samples were obtained for the first time. Although the natural abundance of ³³S is quite low (0.74 percent), good signals were obtained for sphalerite (ZnS) and pyrrhotite (Fe_1?xS). In addition, separate signals were obtained for the first time for a binary mixture of sulfur compounds (sulfur dissolved in liquid CS₂).     

A DELAY-LINE CANCELLATION METHOD FOR CLUTTER ATTENUATION AND ELIMINATION OF BLIND SPEED

In this paper, a conceptual schematic for the search radar has been presented which offers clutter cancellation as well as blind speed elimination. It is assumed that the radar is performing conical scan in both azimuth and elevation. For such cases, strong clutter signals are likely to be intercepted from off-boresight angles. A pulse-to-pulse comparison method is presented where the radar transmits and receives SUM beam during the first pulse and DIFFERENCE beam in the second pulse. The detected voltages for the echoes received during the pulse intervals are subtracted from each other and the negative voltage at the output of subtractor is discarded. This result in a narrow beam pointed in the direction of angle of arrival. This method, in receive only mode, can also be used for calibration of large phased arrays.     

The technique of coherent echo processing in the approximation of a small number of point scatterers

In this paper, we aim at studying the structure of individual samples of coherent echo signals and determining signal features that permit one to detect coherent backscatter and also improve the methods of signal processing. We offer a model of the received signal in the form of a square pulse with duration of the order of the sounding pulse length and filled with a sinusoidal signal of arbitrary frequency. It is shown that this model is quite effective to interpret coherent echo signals in some cases. There are two ways of practical use of the model. One is a technique which singles out the sounding sessions in which strong coherent echo signals are distinguished against the background of other signals received by the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar. Another is a technique of the spatial resolution improvement.     

Design and Validation of Rugged Microwave Photonic Network for Phased-Array Radar

Abstract

Military radar has the requirement of 24 × 7 operation in harsh environments with a high level of safety and integrity built in for equipment and personnel working with it. This article presents an application of a microwave photonic network for phased-array military radar. The design challenge is to realize faithful reproduction of the input microwave signals over extreme temperature and frequency ranges. Environmental testing has been carried out to validate the performance of the proposed microwave photonic network over 2–4 GHz and a temperature range of –20°C to +55°C. The result shows that the photonic network can be successfully utilized for phased-array radar.     

CO2激光非线性四频外差探测的实验研究

本文从理论上对巳提出的四频外差探测技术作了阐述,并在实验上实现了非线性四频外差探测,得到了预期的结果.平方律放大器件是四频外差系统电信号处理的关键器件,本文对其原理作了叙述,并依此制成了一实用的器件用于本实验.     

Initial flight test results of differential absorption barometric radar for remote sensing of sea surface air pressure

The accuracy of numerical weather model predictions of the intensity and track of tropical storms may be significantly improved by large spatial coverage and frequent sampling of sea surface barometry. The availability of a radar operating at moderate-to-strong O₂ absorption bands in the frequency range 50∼56 GHz to remotely measure surface barometric pressure may provide such capability. At these frequencies, the strength of radar echoes from water surfaces has a strong gradient with frequencies owing to the absorption of atmospheric O₂. Our recent research has developed a technique based on the use of a dual-frequency, O₂-band radar to estimate surface barometric pressure from the measured attenuation due to O₂. The ratio of reflected radar signals at multiple wavelengths is used to minimize the effect of microwave absorption by liquid water and water vapor in the atmosphere, and the influences of sea surface reflection over the frequency of operation. A demonstration instrument has been developed to verify the differential O₂ absorption measurement approach. Recent test flights to evaluate the in-flight performance of the demonstration instrument have been completed. The measured radar return and differential O₂ absorption show good agreement with the modeled results. These flight test results are consistent with our instrumentation goal of ±5 mb uncertainty and indicate that our proposed differential absorption measurement approach may provide a useful measurement of sea surface pressure. Future test flights will provide higher altitude data and assess the precision of the sea surface pressure measurement for the existing demonstration radar.     

光学无线电测量信息融合定位方法

在外弹道测量系统中,将光学设备与无线电设备测量数据进行融合处理,可以提高系统的综合测量水平和设备的使用效率。利用部署在光电经纬仪附近的雷达,建立光电经纬仪和雷达联测定位模型。由全微分公式,根据测站站址差将光电经纬仪的测角信息与雷达的测距信息进行数据融合,可以得到目标相对于雷达的方位角和俯仰角,从而确定目标的空间三维位置;分析了定位模型的主要误差来源和对定位结果的影响。结果表明,光电经纬仪雷达联合定位算法得到的精度优于雷达单台定位精度,联合定位的精度达到2 m以内,同时发挥了光电经纬仪和雷达跟踪测量的长处。