燃气透平叶栅端壁传热特性的数值研究

采用三维数值求解方法,对透平叶栅端壁区域的流动和传热特性进行了研究.利用试验数据考核了相应的数值方法,分析了网格数目和湍流模型对叶栅端壁附近流动传热特性计算的影响,比较了不同进口雷诺数和湍流度条件下端壁传热特性的变化。结果表明;马蹄涡和通道涡等二次流动直接影响端壁区传热,传热强度分布规律基本与当地流动的湍动能保持一致。湍流模型对端壁压力场的计算影响较小,但对端壁传热特性的求解的精度影响较大。采用v~3—f湍流模型能较好地预测端壁传热分布。来流雷诺数和湍流度的变化改变了端壁边界层厚度和涡系结构,使得端壁传热强度和梯度分布发生变化。     

磁场作用下熔盐管内流动传热特性的数值研究

本文基于磁流体动力学模型,通过数值模拟的方法,研究了垂直外部磁场对熔盐在绝缘管内流动传热特性的影响,考察了速度、湍流强度和Nu等参数随磁场变化的关系。结果表明,磁场作用会使流动分布出现各向异性,导致湍流度和主流速度降低,垂直于磁场方向的Hartmann层的速度及湍流度提高,随着磁场强度增大,这种趋势更明显。在均匀磁场和正梯度磁场作用下,管壁平均Nu数有所提高,而逆梯度磁场作用下的管壁平均Nu数有所减弱。     

恒定非均匀磁场调控下的强制对流传热数值研究

分别对雷诺数、磁场强度和磁纳米流体浓度进行了讨论，并将数字高程模型(DEM)应用到梯度磁场模型的建立，分析了磁场梯度大小和方向对传热效果的影响。结果表明：雷诺数、磁场强度和梯度与传热效果呈正相关，在磁场介入的情况下，磁纳米流体浓度对传热效果的影响存在一个最佳值；磁场梯度方向垂直于流动方向时对传热的强化效果最显著。以平均努塞尔数和压降为目标参数，利用正交试验设计的方法研究了各变量对传热效果影响的权重大小，得到各变量取值范围内的最佳组合。     

球形和泪滴形凹陷涡发生器传热实验和数值计算

凹陷涡发生器是一种高效的燃气轮机涡轮叶片冷却结构,本文对分别具有球形和泪滴形凹陷涡发生器阵列的表面传热与流动性能开展了实验和数值计算研究。本文分别采用Standardκ-ω,SST和Reliazableκ-ε三种湍流模型计算了凹陷涡发生器表面湍流传热与流阻性能,并与实验结果进行了对比,确定了Standardκ-ω是研究凹陷传热和流动最精确的湍流模型。通过该研究,获得了球形和泪滴形凹陷涡发生器在雷诺数范围8500~60000内的传热及流阻和流动特性。该实验研究表明,与光滑通道内湍流流动相比,球形凹陷传热性能提高约60%,摩擦因子增加约70%;泪滴凹陷传热性能提高约90%,摩擦因子增加一倍左右。泪滴形凹陷表现出更好的传热性能和综合热性能。     

绕丝交混模型对钠冷快堆组件子通道分析的影响

钠冷快堆燃料棒表面缠绕的绕丝能够强化通道间的冷却剂横向流动，降低组件盒内温度分布的不均匀性，提升反应堆安全性。现有的子通道程序通过采用不同类型的绕丝交混模型，模拟了绕丝对组件盒内各类参数计算结果的影响。为了研究不同绕丝交混模型对钠冷快堆组件盒内流动与传热模拟的影响，基于Mikityuk对流传热模型以及Cheng-Todreas流动压降模型，分别采用强迫横流模型以及带绕丝湍流交混模型建立了子通道分析方法，并与美国ORNL开展的FFM-2A实验数据以及其他子通道程序针对该实验的分析结果进行了对比验证。结果表明在低流量条件下两种模型均能较好模拟带绕丝组件的流动与传热情况；在高流量条件下使用强迫横流模型分析结果与实验符合较好，使用带绕丝湍流交混模型的分析结果高估了靠近中心通道的出口冷却剂温度。     

横向磁场作用下Taylor-Couette湍流流动的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟方法对横向磁场作用下导电流体Taylor-Couette湍流流动进行数值模拟,以研究其运动规律.计算模型为无限长度,半径比为1/2.雷诺数分别选取为3000和5000,磁场加载方式为全局磁场,哈特曼数取值0—50.对磁场作用下泰勒涡的演化过程、速度分布和湍动能分布进行分析,并与轴向磁场作用下泰勒涡演化过程进行对比.结果表明:磁场对流场有显著的抑制作用,扭曲的泰勒涡在横向磁场的作用下破裂成小尺度涡结构,并沿磁场方向排列;在外圆筒和垂直于磁场方向的区域,磁场抑制效果较强;随着雷诺数的增加,磁场抑制效果减弱,在流场不同区域,流动呈现出不同的特点.与轴向磁场相比,横向磁场对流场的抑制效果较弱,流场分布呈现出明显的各向异性.     

丁胞型强化换热管的数值模拟

在换热器管道的内壁面上布置丁胞可以有效地增强管道内的传热.通过三维数值模拟,对含丁胞的圆形截面管道内的定常不可压缩湍流流动进行了数值模拟.本文采用RNG k-ε方程模型作为湍流计算模型和SIMPLE算法求解管道的流动传热情况.数值模拟结果表明,丁胞的大小、深度、排列密度等几何结构均对管道的换热效果有一定影响.在较低雷诺数下,含较小丁胞的管道换热效果好于含较大丁胞的管道;在较高雷诺数下,含较大丁胞的管道换热效果好干含较小丁胞的管道.     

高负荷低压涡轮边界层转捩预测及其机理分析

本文利用数值模拟方法在不同雷诺数、自由来流湍流度(FSTI)下对某高负荷低压涡轮叶型边界层转捩流动进行了数值模拟,并与实验测试结果进行了对比。结果表明:该转捩模型在不同的雷诺数和FSTI情况下均可以得到满意的数值计算结果,而仪仪利用湍流模型得不到合理的计算结果;当进口特征雷诺数较低时,叶型表面长分离泡的出现在很大范围内改变了壁面处的静压分布;随着自由来流湍流度的提高,叶型吸力面分离点的位置靠后且其对应的再附点位置靠前,即分离泡长度较短,高来流湍流度可以减小叶型吸力面的分离区域,减小叶型损失。而较低的自由流湍流度则在叶型尾缘对应着较长的分离泡,增大了流动分离再附的预测难度。     

再入尾迹湍流对雷达散射截面影响分析

通过探讨高超声速再入湍流尾迹等离子体场中电磁波的散射机制,推导出在工程上描述湍流亚密等离子体雷达散射的一阶畸变波Born近似模型,分析了该模型在充分发展湍流尾迹等离子体场中的适用性,完成了适用于三维尾迹等离子体场的程序设计.以已有的湍流尾迹等离子体流场数据为基础,分析了再入尾迹湍流等离子体流动对雷达散射截面的影响.选取考察的几个有代表性的因素为:湍流模型、转捩过程、湍流尺度、电子组分脉动初始条件等.由结果可以看到,湍流转捩过程和湍流尺度对雷达散射截面值影响不大;电子组份脉动强度初始值影响较明显;湍流模型在特定条件下影响亦不大.     

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采用FLUENT软件分别对外加均匀横向磁场的等截面三维充分发展液态金属管流的层流模型和低雷诺数湍流Lam/Bremhost(LB)模型进行了数值模拟,分析了外加磁场对普通方管LB模型速度分布和压降的影响。比较在相同哈特曼数下,层流和湍流模型方管截面上速度分布和管道中MHD压降。其中,对电流的计算采用磁感应方程来求得。数值模拟结果证明了用低雷诺数LB湍流模型解决方管磁流体流动的可行性。通过层流模型和湍流模型的对比可知,层流模型有较短的入口长度,但管内流体的压降却很大;而湍流模型管内速度更加平均化,管内压降较小,但管内入口长度较长。     

Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Equipped with Coiled Circular Wires

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the enhancement in heat transfer coefficient by inserting coiled wire around the outer surface of the inner tube of the double-pipe heat exchanger. Insulated wires, with a circular cross-section of 2 mm diameter, forming a coil of different pitches (p = 6, 12, and 20 mm), were used as turbulators. The investigation is performed for turbulent water flow in a double-pipe heat exchanger with cold water in the annulus space for both parallel and counter flows. The experiments were performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 4,000 to 14,000. The experimental results reveal that the use of coiled circular wires leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer coefficients compared with a smooth wall tube for both parallel and counter water flows. The mean Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number and pitch. The convective heat transfer coefficient for a turbulent water flow increases for all coiled wire pitches, with the highest enhancement of about 450% for counter flow and 400% for the parallel flow. New correlations for mean relative Nusselt numbers at different coiled wire pitches are provided.     

FRICTION AND CONVECTION STUDIES OF R-134a IN MICROCHANNELS WITHIN THE TRANSITION AND TURBULENT FLOW REGIMES

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of single-phase flows in microchannels for refrigerant R-134a were experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted using rectangular channels micromilled in aluminum with hydraulic diameters ranging from approximately 112 to 210 w m and aspect ratios that varied from 1.0 to 1.5. Using overall temperature, flow rate, and pressure drop measurements, friction factors and convective heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for steady flow conditions. Effects of Reynolds number, relative roughness, and channel aspect ratio are examined in predicting friction factor and Nusselt number for the experiments. Experiment results indicated that transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred between a Reynolds number of 2,000 and 4,000. Friction factor results were consistently lower than values predicted by macroscale correlations but exhibited the same trends with Reynolds numbers of macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results also exhibited a similar pattern of lower values obtained in the experiments than those predicted by commonly used macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results also indicated that channel size may suppress turbulent convective heat transfer and surface roughness may affect heat transfer characteristics in the turbulent regime.     

Influence of T-semi attached rib on turbulent flow and heat transfer parameters of a silver-water nanofluid with different volume fractions in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel

This study aimed at exploring influence of T-semi attached rib on the turbulent flow and heat transfer parameters of a silver-water nanofluid with different volume fractions in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel. For this purpose, convection heat transfer of the silver-water nanofluid in a ribbed microchannel was numerically studied under a constant heat flux on upper and lower walls as well as isolated side walls. Calculations were done for a range of Reynolds numbers between 10,000 and 16,000, and in four different sorts of serrations with proportion of rib width to hole of serration width (R/W). The results of this research are presented as the coefficient of friction, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency, four different R/W microchannels. The results of numerical modeling showed that the fluid's convection heat transfer coefficient is increased as the Reynolds number and volume fraction of solid nanoparticle are increased. For R/W=0.5, it was also maximum for all the volume fractions of nanoparticle and different Reynolds numbers in comparison to other similar R/W situations. That's while friction coefficient, pressure drop and pumping power is maximum for serration with R/W=0 compared to other serration ratios which lead to decreased fluid-heat transfer performance.     

Numerical simulation and flow visualization using soap film of the self-organized vortex structure in the wake of an array of cylinders

Abstract  

With the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and simple flow visualization technique using flowing soap-film, we present here the wake structures behind an array of cylinders for Reynolds numbers corresponding to both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The image results illustrate interesting vortex interactions past these equally spaced cylinders; for low Reynolds number flow, well-organized wake pattern persists and manifests unsteadily to different symmetry states. An increase of free stream flow velocity causes the wake transition, resulting in the formation of asymmetric flow wake with chaotic mixing at the far wake. Observations from both the numerical simulations and soap-film are in good agreement at least qualitatively.     

圆柱热尾流中温度的概率密度函数

本文通过实验研究圆柱热尾流中温度的概率密度函数在不同雷诺数下沿中心线的演变以及其与湍流混合程度的关系.实验中雷诺数的取值范围是1200-8600,温度是由直径为0.63 μm的冷线探针测量的.实验结果表明,温度概率密度函数在尾流中场区随空间位置变化显著.雷诺数的增加加快了这个变化过程,特别加速了尾流中心线温度的概率密度函数从非高斯向近似高斯分布的演变.     

微细管内超临界二氧化碳冷却换热研究

本文对超临界二氧化碳在微细管内冷却对流换热进行数值模拟研究,分析不同流动方向和管径大小对超临界二氧化碳对流换热的影响,考察管内局部流体温度、管壁温度以及无量纲温度分布的变化。湍流模型采用低雷诺数YS模型。研究表明,在LPV范围比较大的截面,超临界二氧化碳局部换热系数达到最大值,同时管内传热受流动方向和管径的影响均较大。     

The numerical investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop of turbulent flow in a triangular microchannel

In this presentation, the flow and heat transfer inside a microchannel with a triangular section, have been numerically simulated. In this three-dimensional simulation, the flow has been considered turbulent. In order to increase the heat transfer of the channel walls, the semi-truncated and semi-attached ribs have been placed inside the channel and the effect of forms and numbers of ribs has been studied. In this research, the base fluid is Water and the effect of volume fraction of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on the amount of heat transfer and physics of flow have been investigated. The presented results are including of the distribution of Nusselt number in the channel, friction coefficient and Performance Evaluation Criterion of each different arrangement. The results indicate that, the ribs affect the physics of flow and their influence is absolutely related to Reynolds number of flow. Also, the investigation of the used semi-truncated and semi-attached ribs in Reynolds number indicates that, although heat transfer increases, but more pressure drop arises. Therefore, in this method, in order to improve the heat transfer from the walls of microchannel on the constant heat flux, using the pump is demanded.     

具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热数值模拟

本文以锅炉干排渣装置为背景,对抽象的理论模型具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热进行了数值模拟.数值计算表明,在Re＞1000时应采用非稳态数学模型进行数值模拟;在Re＞500时,自然对流机制对流动和换热的影响基本可以忽略.数值计算给出了不同Re时的进出口无量纲压差、局部的Nux和平均Nu以及流线图.这些结果可为深入研究干排渣装置中流动和换热特性提供参考.     

雷诺数对圆柱尾流中被动标量场的影响

本文通过实验研究雷诺数对加热圆柱尾流中温度场的影响.实验中雷诺数Re(≡U∞d/v,其中U∞为来流速度、d为圆柱直径、v为流体黏度)的取值范围为1200-8600.实验中温度是由直径为0.63 μm的冷线探针测量的.实验结果表明,一般而言,雷诺数对整个尾流的标量混合特性有着显著的影响.随着雷诺数的增加,平均标量场向外的扩散速度加快、标量脉动强度增加了但衰减也加快.本文还发现:尾流中似乎存在两个区域,一个位于卡门涡街下游靠后,另一个就是传统的远场自相似区;在这两个区域,某些描述标量和动量的相似关系式近似成立.