恒温法制备纳米银胶及其NIR-SERS活性研究

在恒温条件下(80℃)加热硝酸银和柠檬酸三钠混合液制得纳米银胶。将混合液66mL分别加热60,90,120,150,180和210分钟制得六个不同时间的纳米银胶样本。用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计对上述6个样品进行检测,通过UV-Vis吸收光谱分析了纳米银胶中纳米银颗粒的粒径和粒径分布变化情况。同时使用激发光波长为785nm的便携式拉曼光谱仪,以结晶紫(1×10~(-6) mol/L)作为探针分子对加热不同时间的纳米银胶进行近红外表面增强拉曼散射(NIR-SERS)活性研究。最后分析了激光功率和银粒子浓度对结晶紫NIR-SERS光谱的影响。     

紫膜表面增强共振拉曼散射谱的研究

本文报道紫膜在银胶上的表面增强共振拉曼散射与时间延迟、pH值的关系以及吸附对紫膜光化学循环的影响。在弱酸性pH条件下,紫膜和银胶混合3小时后才能看到分子—金属振动谱带。增强效应随pH值降低而加大,在pH3.8附近变化最明显。用488nm线激发。能分辨紫膜的M412和其他光化学循环中间体。pH3.8,M412的1567cm~(-1)特征振动带作为峰肩出现在变宽了的1536cm~(-1)带上,表明紫膜吸附在金属表面上并不阻断其光化学循环。pH2.7时,1567cm~(-1)带变得不明显,可能是M412的形成受到低pH值的限制。     

氨基酸在银胶溶液中的表面增强拉曼效应

文章报道了通过制备合适的银胶盐纳米溶液 ,得到的甘氨酸、缬氨酸和赖氨酸在银胶溶液中的表面增强拉曼光谱。低波数 2 38cm-1谱带的出现 ,表明氨基酸分子已与银表面产生明显吸附。在所得SERS图谱中 ,表征C—C基团的 90 0～ 930cm-1谱带、表征NH2 基团的 110 0cm-1左右谱带和表征COO-基团的14 0 0cm-1附近的谱带振动都得到显著加强 ,其原因主要是通过羧基基团及氨基基团与银粒子表面产生吸附 ,增强机制属于化学增强 ,为短程效应。本实验中 ,当银胶溶液 pH值降低时 ,对拉曼散射的增强效果影响不大。     

适配体介导纳米银催化共振瑞利散射法测定水中痕量钾离子

在钾适配体(ssDNA)探针存在时,ssDNA吸附在纳米银表面,导致纳米银的催化作用弱,而当溶液中存在钾离子时,形成钾离子-ssDNA复合物,使ssDNA从纳米银表面脱附,此时纳米银得到释放,从而纳米银催化作用增强。随着钾离子浓度的增加,脱附的银纳米粒子越多,催化H_2O_2还原HAuCl_4反应加快,随着钾离子加入量的增大,催化反应速率随之显著增强,生成的金纳米溶胶具有较高的共振瑞利散射(RRS)效应,导致体系在300nm处的RRS强度线性增强。钾离子浓度在0~1.5μmol·L~(-1)范围内,于300nm处的RRS强度增强值ΔI呈良好的线性关系。据此,可建立一种间接检测钾离子的RRS方法。     

纳米银粒子的发光特性研究

研究了不同粒径和表面修饰的纳米银粒子的发光特性。研究结果表明,在不同波长光激发下,纳米银粒子在362 nm附近出现较强的发射峰,592和725 nm附近出现较弱的发射峰。随着激发光波长增加,发射峰强度下降,362 nm附近的发射峰红移。纳米银颗粒对210 nm的激发光最为敏感。发射峰波长与纳米银粒子表面修饰状态和颗粒尺寸关系不大,只是随着颗粒尺寸的减小,发射峰强度下降。随着狭缝宽度的减小,发射峰强度下降。随着纳米银胶浓度减少,发射峰逐渐聚拢合并为426 nm的单峰,且发射峰的强度先增强后逐渐下降。通过纳米银粒子表面光电子的吸收-再发射和表面能级杂化探讨了纳米银粒子的发光机理。     

甲基橙溶液的pH值对纳米银荧光增强效应的影响

研究了甲基橙溶液的pH对纳米银荧光增强效应的影响.当pH 1.5和2.1时,纳米银对溶液的吸收光谱影响甚小.当pH 3.1时,吸收峰蓝移26 nm,且强度明显降低.当pH值在3.8～8.2范围时,不仅吸收峰蓝移而且在426～456 nm出现宽吸收带.在任何pH值的甲基橙溶液中加入纳米银,S2→S0跃迁荧光发射带强度下降,但下降比率受pH值影响不大;S1→S0跃迁荧光发射带强度增强,其增强比率受pH值影响较大.当pH 2.1时,荧光增强比率最大;当pH 4.8时,荧光增强比率最小.分析认为,pH值对甲基橙溶液光谱性质的影响与不同pH值条件下甲基橙分子结构的改变以及分子在纳米银粒子表面不同的吸附方式、介质环境等因素相关,尤其与甲基橙分子与纳米银粒子间的距离密切相关.     

甲氰菊酯在纳米银膜上的SERS光谱检测

本文将聚乙烯醇(PVA)包覆的纳米银粒子组装在铝片表面形成的纳米银薄膜作为表面增强拉曼散射基底,使用扫描电镜对纳米银膜的表面形貌进行了表征。同时采用近红外激光(785nm)作为激发光对甲氰菊酯的丙酮溶液(10-4~10-7 mol/L)进行了近红外表面增强拉曼散射(NIR-SERS)光谱检测。结果表明该方法对甲氰菊酯的检测极限为10-6 mol/L。最后对甲氰菊酯的NIR-SERS光谱重现性进行了检测,即分别检测了浓度为10-4 mol/L和10-5 mol/L的甲氰菊酯丙酮溶液各6个样品,实验结果表明该纳米银膜在检测甲氰菊酯时体现出了较好的重复性。     

二维组装纳米银粒子上对巯基苯胺的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用表面自组装方法在聚赖氨酸修饰ITO电极表面和对巯基苯胺修饰光滑银表面组装了纳米银粒子的二维结构。FT -SERS光谱结果表明 ,巯基苯胺的吸附取向垂直于金属银表面 ,其中电磁增强机理起主导作用 ,但同时也存在化学增强的贡献。纳米银粒子的“体积效应”使其与吸附分子间的电荷转移更为有利。耦联于纳米银和光滑银表面间的巯基苯胺的拉曼散射增强则与纳米银粒子和光滑银表面的耦合而导致的局部电磁场增强直接相关。     

金银纳米粒子的电化学性质及联苯胺的SERS研究

采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸,硼氢化钠还原硝酸银分别制备了较小粒径的金、银纳米粒子。运用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)对金、银纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明：所得金、银纳米粒子粒径分别约为16和10 nm,并能以亚单层形式组装于导电玻璃(ITO)表面;CV图显示金、银纳米粒子分别有一对不对称的氧化还原峰,而且纳米粒子的浓度对其氧化还原电位存在一定的影响。采用自组装方法,以联苯胺为偶联分子, 在粗糙金基底表面构筑了金/银纳米粒子的双层有序结构。表面增强拉曼光谱研究表明, 在有序金银纳米粒子组装体中偶联分子的拉曼散射得到了增强。     

全息干版银膜的制备、表征及其SERS活性的研究

报道了一种新的制备SERS基底的方法。通过对全息干版进行曝光、显影和定影,获得了具有良好稳定性的固体银膜。用紫外-可见光谱测量其表面等离子体共振吸收,发现其吸收谱线在420 nm处存在银粒子的特征吸收峰,且吸收峰具有较窄的半峰宽,这表明采用该方法制备的银膜表面分布着大小均一的银粒子。用扫描电子显微镜对其表面粒子形貌进行表征,发现银粒子分布均匀且平均粒径为100 nm左右。同时以结晶紫为探针分子测量了该银膜的表面增强拉曼光谱,结果表明该银膜具有良好的表面增强拉曼散射活性。采用这种方法制备的银膜稳定性好且易于保存,在常温下空气中放置数月,仍能保持原有的表面增强拉曼散射活性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.