Distinguishing chromatic number of random Cayley graphs

The distinguishing chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted ${\chi }_D\left(G\right)$, is defined as the minimum number of colors needed to properly color $G$ such that no non-trivial automorphism of $G$ fixes each color class of $G$. In this paper, we consider random Cayley graphs $\Gamma$ defined over certain abelian groups $A$ with $\left|A\right|=n$, and show that with probability at least $1?n^{?\Omega (logn)}$, ${\chi }_D\left(\Gamma \right)\le \chi \left(\Gamma \right)+1$.     

On the complexity of deciding whether the distinguishing chromatic number of a graph is at most two

In an article Cheng (2009) [3] published recently in this journal, it was shown that when k≥3, the problem of deciding whether the distinguishing chromatic number of a graph is at most k is NP-hard. We consider the problem when k=2. In regards to the issue of solvability in polynomial time, we show that the problem is at least as hard as graph automorphism, but no harder than graph isomorphism.     

The incidence game chromatic number of paths and subgraphs of wheels

The incidence game chromatic number was introduced to unify the ideas of the incidence coloring number and the game chromatic number. We determine the exact incidence game chromatic number of large paths and give a correct proof of a result stated by Andres [S.D. Andres, The incidence game chromatic number, Discrete Appl. Math. 157 (2009) 1980-1987] concerning the exact incidence game chromatic number of large wheels.     

The distinguishing chromatic number of Cartesian products of two complete graphs

A labeling of a graph G is distinguishing if it is only preserved by the trivial automorphism of G. The distinguishing chromatic number of G is the smallest integer k such that G has a distinguishing labeling that is at the same time a proper vertex coloring. The distinguishing chromatic number of the Cartesian product is determined for all k and n. In most of the cases it is equal to the chromatic number, thus answering a question of Choi, Hartke and Kaul whether there are some other graphs for which this equality holds.     

About the upper chromatic number of a co-hypergraph

A mixed hypergraph consists of two families of subsets: the edges and the co-edges. In a coloring every co-edge has at least two vertices of the same color, and every edge has at least two vertices of different colors. The largest and smallest possible number of colors in a coloring is termed the upper and lower chromatic numbers, respectively. In this paper we investigate co-hypergraphs i.e., the hypergraphs with only co-edges, with respect to the property of coloring. The relationship between the lower bound of the size of co-edges and the lower bound of the upper chromatic number is explored. The necessary and sufficient conditions for determining the upper chromatic numbers, of a co-hypergraph are provided. And the bounds of the number of co-edges of some uniform co-hypergraphs with certain upper chromatic numbers are given.     

A new upper bound for the harmonious chromatic number

A harmonious coloring of a simple graph G is a proper vertex coloring such that each pair of colors appears together on at most one edge. The harmonious chromatic number h(G) is the least number of colors in such a coloring. We obtain a new upper bound for the harmonious chromatic number of general graphs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 29: 257–261, 1998     

Distinguishing chromatic numbers of complements of Cartesian products of complete graphs

The distinguishing chromatic number of a graph, $G$, is the minimum number of colours required to properly colour the vertices of $G$ so that the only automorphism of $G$ that preserves colours is the identity. There are many classes of graphs for which the distinguishing chromatic number has been studied, including Cartesian products of complete graphs (Jerebic and Klav?ar, 2010). In this paper we determine the distinguishing chromatic number of the complement of the Cartesian product of complete graphs, providing an interesting class of graphs, some of which have distinguishing chromatic number equal to the chromatic number, and others for which the difference between the distinguishing chromatic number and chromatic number can be arbitrarily large.     

Circular game chromatic number of graphs

In a circular r-colouring game on G, Alice and Bob take turns colouring the vertices of G with colours from the circle S(r) of perimeter r. Colours assigned to adjacent vertices need to have distance at least 1 in S(r). Alice wins the game if all vertices are coloured, and Bob wins the game if some uncoloured vertices have no legal colour. The circular game chromatic number χ_cg(G) of G is the infimum of those real numbers r for which Alice has a winning strategy in the circular r-colouring game on G. This paper proves that for any graph G, , where is the game colouring number of G. This upper bound is shown to be sharp for forests. It is also shown that for any graph G, χ_cg(G)≤2χ_a(G)(χ_a(G)+1), where χ_a(G) is the acyclic chromatic number of G. We also determine the exact value of the circular game chromatic number of some special graphs, including complete graphs, paths, and cycles.     

On the complete chromatic number of Halin graphs

ThisresearchissupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina.Write.1.IntroductionDefinition1.FOrany3-connectedplanargraphG(V,E,F)withA(G)23,iftheboundaryedgesoffacefowhichisadjacenttotheothersareremoved,itbecomesatree,andthedegreeofeachvertexofV(fo)is3,andthenGiscalledaHalingraph;foiscalledtheouterfaceofG,andtheotherscalledtheinteriorfaces,thevenicesonthefacefoarecalledtheoutervenices,theoillersarecalledtheinterior...ti..,tll.ForanyplanargraphG(V,E,F),f,f'eF,fisadjacenttof'ifan…     

On the chromatic number of random graphs

We consider random graphs G_n,p with fixed edge-probability p. We refine an argument of Bollobás to show that almost all such graphs have chromatic number equal to n/{2 log_b n ? 2 log_b log_b n + O(1)} where b = 1/(1 ? p).     

The mean chromatic number of paths and cycles

The mean chromatic number of a graph is defined. This is a measure of the expected performance of the greedy vertex-colouring algorithm when each ordering of the vertices is equally likely. In this note, we analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the mean chromatic number for the paths and even cycles, using generating function techniques.     

The 6-relaxed game chromatic number of outerplanar graphs

Suppose G is a graph and k,d are integers. The (k,d)-relaxed colouring game on G is a game played by two players, Alice and Bob, who take turns colouring the vertices of G with legal colours from a set X of k colours. Here a colour i is legal for an uncoloured vertex x if after colouring x with colour i, the subgraph induced by vertices of colour i has maximum degree at most d. Alice’s goal is to have all the vertices coloured, and Bob’s goal is the opposite: to have an uncoloured vertex without a legal colour. The d-relaxed game chromatic number of G, denoted by , is the least number k so that when playing the (k,d)-relaxed colouring game on G, Alice has a winning strategy. This paper proves that if G is an outerplanar graph, then for d≥6.     

THE TOTAL CHROMATIC NUMBER OF PSEUDO-OUTERPLANAR GRAPHS

A Planar graph g is called a ipseudo outerplanar graph if there is a subset v.∈V(G),[V.]=i,such that G-V. is an outerplanar graph in particular when G-V.is a forest ,g is called a i-pseudo-tree .in this paper.the following results are proved;(1)the conjecture on the total coloring is true for all 1-pseudo-outerplanar graphs;(2)X1(G) 1 fo any 1-pseudo outerplanar graph g with △(G)≥3,where x4(G)is the total chromatic number of a graph g.     

On computing the distinguishing and distinguishing chromatic numbers of interval graphs and other results

A vertex k-coloring of graph G is distinguishing if the only automorphism of G that preserves the colors is the identity map. It is proper-distinguishing if the coloring is both proper and distinguishing. The distinguishing number ofG, D(G), is the smallest integer k so that G has a distinguishing k-coloring; the distinguishing chromatic number ofG, χ_D(G), is defined similarly.It has been shown recently that the distinguishing number of a planar graph can be determined efficiently by counting a related parameter-the number of inequivalent distinguishing colorings of the graph. In this paper, we demonstrate that the same technique can be used to compute the distinguishing number and the distinguishing chromatic number of an interval graph. We make use of PQ-trees, a classic data structure that has been used to recognize and test the isomorphism of interval graphs; our algorithms run in O(n³log³n) time for graphs with n vertices. We also prove a number of results regarding the computational complexity of determining a graph’s distinguishing chromatic number.     

On the locating chromatic number of Kneser graphs

Let c be a proper k-coloring of a connected graph G and Π=(C₁,C₂,…,C_k) be an ordered partition of V(G) into the resulting color classes. For a vertex v of G, the color code of v with respect to Π is defined to be the ordered k-tuple c_Π(v):=(d(v,C₁),d(v,C₂),…,d(v,C_k)), where d(v,C_i)=min{d(v,x)|x∈C_i},1≤i≤k. If distinct vertices have distinct color codes, then c is called a locating coloring. The minimum number of colors needed in a locating coloring of G is the locating chromatic number of G, denoted by χ_L(G). In this paper, we study the locating chromatic number of Kneser graphs. First, among some other results, we show that χ_L(KG(n,2))=n−1 for all n≥5. Then, we prove that χ_L(KG(n,k))≤n−1, when n≥k². Moreover, we present some bounds for the locating chromatic number of odd graphs.     

Adaptable chromatic number of graph products

A colouring of the vertices of a graph (or hypergraph) G is adapted to a given colouring of the edges of G if no edge has the same colour as both (or all) its vertices. The adaptable chromatic number of G is the smallest integer k such that each edge-colouring of G by colours 1,2,…,k admits an adapted vertex-colouring of G by the same colours 1,2,…,k. (The adaptable chromatic number is just one more than a previously investigated notion of chromatic capacity.) The adaptable chromatic number of a graph G is smaller than or equal to the ordinary chromatic number of G. While the ordinary chromatic number of all (categorical) powers G^k of G remains the same as that of G, the adaptable chromatic number of G^k may increase with k. We conjecture that for all sufficiently large k the adaptable chromatic number of G^k equals the chromatic number of G. When G is complete, we prove this conjecture with k≥4, and offer additional evidence suggesting it may hold with k≥2. We also discuss other products and propose several open problems.     

A note on the least number of edges of 3-uniform hypergraphs with upper chromatic number 2

The upper chromatic number of a hypergraph H=(X,E) is the maximum number k for which there exists a partition of X into non-empty subsets X=X₁∪X₂∪?∪X_k such that for each edge at least two vertices lie in one of the partite sets. We prove that for every n?3 there exists a 3-uniform hypergraph with n vertices, upper chromatic number 2 and ⌈n(n-2)/3⌉ edges which implies that a corresponding bound proved in [K. Diao, P. Zhao, H. Zhou, About the upper chromatic number of a co-hypergraph, Discrete Math. 220 (2000) 67-73] is best-possible.     

A new upper bound for the isoperimetric number of deBruijn Networks

Delorme and Tillich found an upper bound and a lower bound for the isoperimetric number iⁿ(d) of deBruijn Networks over the alphabet {0,1,…,d − 1} using eigenvalue techniques (see [1]). We improve their upper bound for iⁿ(d) and give constructions for the sets of vertices of the deBruijn Network, which lead to our bound.