双面半色调图像的光谱反射率色彩精确预测模型

为了准确地预测双面半色调图像的光谱反射率,并考虑光在纸张内的散射和油墨在纸基上的扩展渗透,建立了一个统一的双面半色调图像光谱反射率精确色彩预测模型.在油墨是非散射介质,纸张为强散射体以及油墨和纸张具有相同的折射率的条件下,引入Williams-Clapper模型中光在油墨中斜程传播的思想,考虑进入纸基层的光线横向传播和油墨扩展导致的网点扩大效应以及光在纸基和印刷品-空气界面间的多重内反射,利用多重内反射的网状结构分析法和最小二乘曲线拟合方法,确定了各种不同叠印条件下的理论网点面积率和有效网点面积率的函数关系,得出彩色双面图像的光谱反射色彩精确预测模型.新模型的预测值和测量值达到了较好的匹配,同时这也为彩色双面图像的呈色规律分析和印刷品质量检测系统的研制与开发提供了理论依据.     

双面半色调图像的光谱反射率色彩精确预测模型

为了准确地预测双面半色调图像的光谱反射率,并考虑光在纸张内的散射和油墨在纸基上的扩展渗透,建立了一个统一的双面半色调图像光谱反射率精确色彩预测模型.在油墨是非散射介质,纸张为强散射体以及油墨和纸张具有相同的折射率的条件下,引入Williams-Clapper模型中光在油墨中斜程传播的思想,考虑进入纸基层的光线横向传播和油墨扩展导致的网点扩大效应以及光在纸基和印刷品-空气界面间的多重内反射,利用多重内反射的网状结构分析法和最小二乘曲线拟合方法,确定了各种不同叠印条件下的理论网点面积率和有效网点面积率的函数关系,得出彩色双面图像的光谱反射色彩精确预测模型.新模型的预测值和测量值达到了较好的匹配,同时这也为彩色双面图像的呈色规律分析和印刷品质量检测系统的研制与开发提供了理论依据.     

半色调双面图像的色彩预测Clapper-Yule模型

为了准确地预测印刷图像的光谱反射率,在假定油墨是非散射介质以及油墨的折射率与纸张的折射率近似相等的近似下,利用考虑光在纸基内多次内反射的Clapper-Yule理论和描述多重内反射的网状结构分析模型,建立了同色不同加网周期双面墨像的光谱反射色彩预测模型.同时给出了包含纸基的向下体反射和反面纸基-空气构成界面定向反射作用的单面墨像Clapper-Yule色彩预测修正新模型.     

基于Kubelka-Munk理论的专色印刷效果分析

随着对印刷精度的要求的不断提高, 专色印刷越来越重要。本文以涂料纸印刷为基础, 在假设没有油墨渗透的情况下, 且油墨与纸张均为均匀分布, 利用Kubelka-Munk模型来研究专色印刷的光谱反射规律。印刷中色彩的再现不仅与印刷的油墨有关, 也与印刷的纸张有关, 是纸张与油墨共同作用的结果, 本文分析了对专色印刷呈色效果的各种影响因素, 可以为专色油墨的配制提供理论依据。     

考虑光学网点扩大的分程CLAPPER-YULE理论预测模型

定量研究了半色调印刷品的光谱反射率规律。在分程Clapper-Yule光谱反射率模型的基础上,通过引入光学网点扩大参数w修正了纸张和油墨的反射率与网点面积率之间的非线性关系,建立了考虑光学网点扩大的新光谱预测模型。数值计算表明:新模型的预测值修正了原分程模型预测值低于实验值的缺陷。半色调印刷品的墨点和纸基反射率是网点面积率和光学网点扩大参数w的函数,采用分程Clapper-Yule模型预测印刷品色彩必须考虑网点面积率和参数w对反射率的影响。     

双面半色调图像的Clapper-Yule色彩预测分程模型

通过印刷品光谱反射比预测半色调图像色彩是印刷质量控制与设备检测研制领域十分关注的课题。在假定油墨是非散射介质以及油墨的折射率与纸张的折射率近似相等的条件下,利用光在油墨与纸张中散射迁移路径长短不同的分程理论和多重内反射的网状结构分析方法,研究了光照射在双面印刷品上的光谱反射规律,建立了双面印刷品的光谱反射色彩预测模型。并在此基础上通过理论分析,论证了新建双面印刷品的Clapper-Yule色彩分程预测模型的合理性。新模型为双面印刷品的呈色规律分析与印刷品在线检测仪的研制提供了理论依据。     

双面半色调印刷品Kubelka-Munk色彩预测模型

建立双面印刷品的色彩预测模型一直是印刷中的一个重要课题。将入射到印刷品的光根据其在垂直于印刷品中所走过的路径的不同, 将其分成四大部分, 即: 从正面油墨进入, 经过纸张, 再从反面油墨出射; 从正面油墨进入, 从纸张出射; 从正面空白区域入射, 从反面油墨出射以及直接穿过纸张。所建立的相关的模型以Kubelka-Munk四能流理论为基础, 通过对上述四部分的反射率与透射率相加便得到了整个双面印刷品的反射率与透射率。     

荧光实地印刷品Kubelka-Munk色彩预测模型

荧光油墨防伪印刷的色彩预测是防伪印刷质量控制领域十分关心的课题。本文通过分析光在荧光油墨层中的散射、吸收及荧光辐射规律,把光在印品中的传播分成紫外线和可见光两部分分别分析研究,针对多重内反射现象进行Saunderson校正,最终建立了荧光油墨实地印刷品的Kubelka-Munk模型。     

印刷品原色油墨光谱预测中减色线性经验空间的建立

在半色调印刷品原色油墨光谱预测技术中,在原光谱反射率空间进行主成分分析得到的代表性基向量数目会大于实际所使用的原色油墨数目,即光谱反射率空间并不适用光谱预测,且主成分分析得到的基向量会出现负值,没有物理意义。针对上述问题,建立了一个减色线性经验空间模型及其空间转换模型,并探究了影响经验空间线性程度n值的因素,通过实验及优化算法创新性找到确定最佳n值的方法,并在该减色线性经验空间进行半色调原稿原色油墨的预测实验。实验结果表明,在不同n值下,选取原始光谱反射率R_m和重构光谱反射率R_recon的f范数平方值的最小值对应的n值做为建立线性经验空间确定最佳n值的方法是有效的;为了将纸张和油墨类型对空间转换因数n的影响程度减到最小,最终确定n值为3.5;在减色线性经验空间进行印刷品原色油墨数目预测,得到的代表性基向量数目恰好等于实际印刷使用的原色油墨数目4,进行原色油墨光谱预测,预测的4色油墨除K色外,其他CMY色与实际原色油墨光谱相比拟合度GFC均大于99.9%。即所提出的优化n值的新方法建立的减色线性经验空间是一个可作为半色调印刷品原色油墨数目预测和光谱预测的有效线性空间。     

半色调荧光图像的光谱反射与透射模型

荧光油墨半色调印刷品的显色预测规律是彩色成像领域内十分关键的课题。把荧光半色调印刷品反射出来的光分成两个独立的部分,即由最初入射光组成的主光流和由于吸收了主光流而产生的荧光流;并且采用了一个指数矩阵来描述墨层产生的荧光光强,从而得出了荧光半色调图像色彩的光反射规律。考虑到入射光中从一种颜色油墨入射后再由同色油墨出射的概率要比从其它色油墨出射的概率要大的事实,讨论中引入权重因子描述从同色油墨出射部分与从整个表面出射部分比例不同的现象,建立了荧光油墨半色调图像的Clapper-Yule新光谱反射率模型。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.