V型原子系统中相干布居俘获的相干相位调制研究

在延迟脉冲激光场作用下的V型原子系统中，实现了对相干布居俘获，电磁感应透明的相干相位调制，选择适当的能级其调制频率可以达到飞秒量级.利用数值和解析分析得到了延迟脉冲和叠加态粒子数布居的关系，以及粒子布居受光场相位调制的特点和变化规律.利用这种机理可以实现飞秒量级的量子开关作用. 关键词： 相干相位调制 相干布居俘获 电磁感应透明 量子开关     

双原子分子多光子电离强场效应的含时波包动力学研究

强激光非线性条件下分子的多光子电离过程呈现出较为明显的强场效应.由于这种效应不能用传统的量子微扰论来处理,“缀饰态”模型方法提供了物理图象清晰的处理光与物质相互作用的方案.本文基于含时波包动力学的基本理论,将激光场看作经典场,利用“缀饰态”模型研究了强场下双原子分子(NO、RbI等)的多光子电离过程.研究表明,激光场的强度、泵浦-探测脉冲延迟时间等对多光子电离光电子能谱的形状有着重要的影响,而这种影响是由光诱导势引起的.另外,在研究具有两个连续态的RbI体系时,自电离现象的发生也与势能面的交叉密切相关,并受外场强度的影响.本文计算模拟外场中分子的光电子能谱时所得到的强场效应对理解和实现原子分子过程的激光操控具有重要的意义.     

双原子分子多光子电离强场效应的含时波包动力学研究

强激光非线性条件下分子的多光子电离过程呈现出较为明显的强场效应.由于这种效应不能用传统的量子微扰论来处理,"缀饰态"模型方法提供了物理图象清晰的处理光与物质相互作用的方案.本文基于含时波包动力学的基本理论,将激光场看作经典场,利用"缀饰态"模型研究了强场下双原子分子(NO、RbI等)的多光子电离过程.研究表明,激光场的强度、泵浦-探测脉冲延迟时间等对多光子电离光电子能谱的形状有着重要的影响,而这种影响是由光诱导势引起的.另外,在研究具有两个连续态的RbI体系时,自电离现象的发生也与势能面的交叉密切相关,并受外场强度的影响.本文计算模拟外场中分子的光电子能谱时所得到的强场效应对理解和实现原子分子过程的激光操控具有重要的意义.     

双原子分子多光子电离强场效应的含时波包动力学研究

强激光非线性条件下分子的多光子电离过程呈现出较为明显的强场效应．由于这种效应不能用传统的量子微扰论来处理。“缀饰态”模型方法提供了物理图象清晰的处理光与物质相互作用的方案．本文基于含时波包动力学的基本理论，将激光场看作经典场，利用“缀饰态”模型研究了强场下双原子分子（NO、RbI等）的多光子电离过程．研究表明，激光场的强度、泵浦-探测脉冲延迟时间等对多光子电离光电子能谱的形状有着重要的影响。而这种影响是由光诱导势引起的．另外，在研究具有两个连续态的Rbl体系时，自电离现象的发生也与势能面的交叉密切相关，并受外场强度的影响．本文计算模拟外场中分子的光电子能谱时所得到的强场效应对理解和实现原子分子过程的激光搛控具有重要的意义．     

原子激发态在高频强激光作用下的光电离研究

本文通过数值求解动量空间的三维含时薛定谔方程, 研究了原子高激发态在高频激光脉冲作用下, 在电离阈值附近的光电子能谱和两维动量角分布. 研究结果表明: 在该能量范围内, 单光子电离过程的贡献是最主要的. 体系初态的主量子数可以由光电子能谱峰值的位置来确定; 体系初态的角量子数可以通过光电子的两维动量角度分布确定. 在比较宽泛的参数范围内, 这一规律不随入射激光的强度和脉冲时间宽度的改变而改变, 因此原则上可以利用它对原子的初态进行识别. 此外, 还研究了体系的初态为相干叠加态, 光电子动量谱随着叠加态相对相位的变化规律. 关键词： 阈上电离 激发态 高频激光脉冲 两维动量角度分布     

光滑激光脉冲作用下的强场自电离

本文研究了光滑激光脉冲作用下包含高阶离化的强场自电离过程,导出了其中的基本方程,得到了基态布居和光电子谱的一系列解析表达式。讨论了指数增长脉冲作用时的具体结果,发现高能谱比低能谱更能呈现出光电子谱在脉冲光作用下特有的多峰分裂。     

K_2分子在强激光场下的量子调控:缀饰态选择性分布

利用含时量子波包法理论研究了分子在强激光场条件下的量子调控.选取K2分子的三态模型(基态|X〉、激发态|B〉和电离态|X+〉)作为研究对象.在强激光场的作用下,激发态|B〉缀饰成两个子态:|α〉态和|β〉态.分析K2分子电离后的光电子能谱,可以得到缀饰态|α〉和|β〉的能量和概率分布信息.同时,根据分子的缀饰态理论,提出了K2分子的缀饰态选择性分布方案.研究表明:调节激光场的强度可以实现对缀饰态能量的调控,改变激光场的波长可以实现对缀饰态概率的选择性分布.     

锂原子的光激发和电场电离

对处于25P Rydberg态的锂原子进行了电场电离的理论研究。采用三步共振激发技术,沿2S1/2—2P3/2—3D3/2—25P的激发路径,使锂原子在25P Rydberg态上布居,再施加脉冲电场使其电离。针对上述光激发+场电离过程所涉及的各个原子态的粒子布居,建立起速率方程组,再通过拉普拉斯变换方法推导出各个态的粒子布居率和电离效率的解析表达式,以便对各个阶段的物理机理和特性进行理论分析。通过用Matlab语言自编的计算软件,不但定量分析了不同激光参数对光激发过程的影响,还研究了脉冲电场的参数对原子电离率的影响。研究表明,在本激发路径下,难以显著提高对25P Rydberg态的光激发效率,因而限制了电场电离的总体效率。     

动态光子晶体中V型三能级原子的自发辐射

研究了动态各向同性光子晶体中V型三能级原子的自发辐射,主要讨论了光子晶体能带带边频率受到阶跃调制和三角函数周期调制两种情况下,调制参数对占据数演化的控制作用,以及此过程中量子相干效应带来的影响.结果表明,阶跃调制时,调制发生后原子上能级劈裂出来的束缚缀饰态数目只取决于原子的跃迁频率和此时的带边频率,且与具有相同参数条件的静态情形下的相同.调制发生时刻对其后原子上能级占据数的长时演化情况有影响.随系统初态的不同,量子相干效应既可导致调制之后占据数迅速衰减,也可使原子上能级保留较多的占据数.三角函数周期调制时,原子上能级总占据数在足够长的时间之后随时间做频率近似等于调制频率的有衰减的准周期振荡.衰减率与调制频率有关,也因量子相干效应而受系统初态以及偶极矩夹角的影响.     

多光子过程中相位退相干时两原子布局数反转

利用全量子理论的方法,研究了存在相位退相干时多光子T-C模型中两个二能级原子与二项式光场相互作用系统中两原子的布居数反转。讨论了相位退相干系数、二项式光场系数、最大光子数、跃迁光子数对原子布居数反转的影响。结果表明：相位退相干减少了原子布居数反转的振幅、破坏了原子的量子特性。改变跃迁光子数,可以改变原子间布居数反转演化周期及演化强度。当二项式光场的最大光子数增大时,原子布居差的崩塌-回复现象就会逐渐消失。相位退相干因子不变时, 二项式光场从相干态过渡到数态过程中,原子布居的振荡频率由大变小,周期性的崩塌与回复现象逐渐消失。     

Characterization of attosecond XUV pulses from photoelectron spectra of atoms

A method to characterize attosecond extreme ultra violet (XUV) pulses from photoelectron spectra of atoms is presented. A pump pulse prepares a coherent superposition of two atomic bound states, from which photoionization takes place after variable time delays by the attosecond XUV pulse. Information on the spectral phase of the attosecond XUV pulse is extracted from the analysis of photoelectron spectra as a function of photoelectron energy and time delay. Together with information on the spectral intensity obtained from a separate optical measurement, a temporal shape of the attosecond XUV pulse can be precisely reconstructed. After the theoretical formulation of the problem, we present numerical examples for H atom and show that, depending on the choice of energy separation of two bound states, a different accuracy is reached to characterize attosecond XUV pulses.     

Quantum control by selective population of dressed states using intense chirped femtosecond laser pulses

The physical mechanism of strong field quantum control using chirped femtosecond laser pulses is investigated. Dressed state control is exerted by making explicit use of the temporal phase changes of the pulse. In our experiment, the dressed state population is mapped by photoelectron spectra from simultaneous excitation and ionization of potassium atoms as a function of the chirp parameter. We show that chirped pulses can be used to selectively steer ground state atoms temporarily into a single dressed state realizing transient Selective Population of Dressed States (SPODS). PACS 32.80.Qk; 32.80.Rm; 33.80.Rv     

Enhancement of coherent population transfer in a double Λ-type four-level system via a train of pulse pairs

We propose a flexible way to significantly enhance population transfer efficiency with a train of time-separated pump-Stokes pulse pairs when the non-adiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states exists in a double Λ-type four-level system, where the pump and Stokes pulses in each pair can be applied in either counterintuitive or intuitive order. It is shown that the needed Rabi frequency for achieving complete population transfer can be reduced dramatically with the increase of number of pump-Stokes pulse pairs, which results from temporal constructive quantum interference between the sequential transitions and subsequent coherent accumulation; moreover, an arbitrary coherent superposition between the two lower states can be realized by suitably tuning the Rabi frequency and the time delay between each pump-Stokes pair. The method may find applications in control of chemical reactions, quantum optics, and quantum information processing.     

Photonic generation of ultrawideband signals by exploiting gain saturation of dark pump pulse with double undershoots in a highly nonlinear fiber

We have proposed and theoretically demonstrated an alternative photonic scheme to generate ultrawideband (UWB) doublet pulses based on gain saturation effect in one piece of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). A flexible format swap between UWB doublet and monocycle pulses can be successfully realized by properly tuning the optical tunable delay line (ODL). Moreover, the key parameters for UWB pulse, including the center frequency (Fc), 10 dB bandwidth (BW_10dB), and fractional bandwidth (FBW), are also investigated with Fc being Einstein shift when the doublet pulse transforms into the monocycle pulse. Finally, our proposed scheme exhibits good performance that the obtained UWB pulse can have a FBW of > 100% at the Fc of ~ 7 GHz and UWB-over-fiber technology is also implemented without dispersion management.     

Adiabatic population transfer in multistate chains via dressed intermediate states

The well-known process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) provides a robust technique for achieving complete population transfer between the first and last state of a three-state chain, with little population, even transiently, in the intermediate state. The extension of STIRAP to general N-state chainwise-linked systems continues to generate interest. Recently Malinovsky and Tannor (Phys. Rev. A 56, 4929 (1997)) have shown with numerical simulation that a resonant pulse sequence, which they term “straddle STIRAP”, can produce (under appropriate conditions, including specific pulse areas) complete population transfer with very little population in intermediate states. Their proposal supplements a pair of counterintuitively ordered delayed laser pulses, driving the first and last transition of the chain and corresponding to the pump and Stokes pulses in STIRAP, with one or more additional strong pulses of longer duration which couple the intermediate transition(s) and overlap both the pump and the Stokes pulses. In this paper, we modify the “straddling” Malinovsky-Tannor pulse sequence so that the intermediate couplings are constant (and strong), at least during the times when the pump and Stokes pulses are present, and the intermediate states therefore act as a strongly coupled subsystem with constant eigenvalues. Under this condition, we show that the original N-state chain is mathematically equivalent to a system comprising N-2 parallel -transitions, in which the initial state is coupled simultaneously to N-2 dressed intermediate states, which in turn are coupled to the final state. The population transfer is optimized by suitably tuning the pump and Stokes frequencies to resonance with one of these dressed intermediate states, which effectively acts as the single intermediate state in a three-state STIRAP-like process. We show that tuning to a dressed intermediate state turns the system (for both odd N and even N) into a three-state system - with all of the properties of conventional STIRAP (complete population transfer, little transient population in the intermediate states, insensitivity to variations in the laser parameters, such as pulse area). The success of the tuning-to-dressed-state idea is explained by using simple analytic approaches and illustrated with numerical simulations for four-, five-, six- and seven-state systems. Received: 17 April 1998 / Accepted: 15 June 1998     

氢原子在红外激光和极紫外脉冲组合场中的阈上电离

通过求解氢原子在强红外(IR)激光和极紫外（XUV）脉冲组合场中的三维含时薛定谔方程(TDSE),理论研究了XUV脉冲的加入对光电子能谱和二维光电子动量分布的影响.计算结果表明,与仅由红外场驱动的情况相比,组合场驱动下的光电子能谱和二维光电子动量分布中呈现出明显的干涉增强结构,干涉结构对XUV脉冲的强度、光子能量和时间延迟都有很强的依赖,该方案可实现高能阈上电离谱的选择性增强.     

Control of de-excitation to selected vibrational levels in the ground state of NaH molecule using two broadband ultrashort pulses

We show that the de-excitation to different vibrational levels of the ground state in NaH molecule can be controlled by using two delayed ultrashort pulses (4 fs Gaussian). A vibrational wave packet generated on the excited A¹Σ⁺ state by the first pulse is de-excited back to the ground state by a second pulse after a time delay. The cross-section for de-excitation of the wave packet to different vibrational levels of the ground electronic state can be controlled by controlling the delay time between the two pulses as well as by choosing a pulse duration much shorter than the vibrational period of the molecule, such that the de-excited wave packet remains localized in the Franck–Condon region of a particular vibrational level of the ground state. Hence, the de-excitation to a particular vibrational level can be enhanced by suppressing that in others. In spite of the large bandwidth of the pulse which includes nine vibrational levels of the upper state and five vibrational levels of the ground state, one can selectively de-excite the molecule to any one or two vibrational levels of the ground state by carefully choosing the delay time between the pulses and the pulse duration. We are designing the wave packet in the ground state by two short pulses and selectively distributing the population in one or two levels at various values of the delay time. In light molecules having small vibrational period, this selectivity in de-excitation to one or two vibrational levels in the ground state can be achieved only by using ultrashort (4 fs) pulses in the presence of which the localization of the wave packet in the Franck–Condon region of the vibrational levels are particularly possible. It has been shown that the de-excitation cross-section to a particular vibrational level oscillates with delay between the pulses which can be realized as a time-dependent quantum gate.     

On the detection of closed orbits in time-dependent systems by using double-pulse lasers

In the photodetachment of atoms or negative ions by a double-pulse laser, the first pulse of the double-pulse laser generates waves and the delayed second pulse may detect them. The phenomenon of the excitation and detection of waves by a double-pulse laser can be used to identify the closed orbits in the system. We demonstrate this phenomenon with a negative hydrogen ion (H⁻) by analyzing the total population excited by a double-pulse laser in a time-dependent field for different physical parameters. By analyzing the total excited population using a double-pulse laser, we can uncover all the closed orbits existing in the system. We demonstrate that this can be realized by scanning the first pulse position and the time delay between the two pulses.