12T NbTi—Nb3Sn超导磁体装置

本文介绍了有效孔径30.3mm 的 NbTi-Nb_3Sn 混合超导磁体装置的设计、制造和实验的基本情况.该装置在4.2K 的最大工作中心磁场是12T,磁体中心磁场均匀度和电流稳定充分别优于2.7×10~(-3)(1cm DSV)和4×10~(-4)/h,磁体励磁到最大工作中心磁场12T 时所需要的时间为40min.磁体重量为25.4kg.     

Quantification of Gd-DTPA concentration in neuroimaging using T₁3D MP-RAGE sequence at 3.0 T

Purpose

To propose a simple and accurate quantitative method based on the linear relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) signal enhancement (ΔSI=SI_postcontrast−SI_precontrast) and gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) concentration (C) by using T₁-weighted three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (T₁ 3D MP-RAGE) sequence for the in vivo measurement of Gd-DTPA concentration in real-time neuroimaging at 3.0 T.

Methods

Phantom experiment was carried out to study the linear fitting of signal intensity change vs. Gd-DTPA concentration (ΔSI-C) curve. A goodness-of-fit test was performed to compare the accuracy between the proposed method and the conventional method based on longitudinal relaxation rate (R₁=1/T₁) measurement. The influences on the goodness of fit (R²) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by sequence parameters were explored. Six human subjects with different brain tumors, who underwent a Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI, were enrolled for in vivo application of the novel method.

Results

A good linear relationship between ΔSI and Gd-DTPA concentration existed over the concentration range of 0-1 mM (R²=0.985). The linearity of the ΔSI-C curve was as good as that of the 1/T₁-C curve (R²=0.988). Concentrations calculated by both methods had a strong correlation (R²=0.920). An improved linearity of the ΔSI-C curve and an increased SNR can be achieved using sequences with a shorter inversion time (TI) and a higher flip angle. The concentration range of Gd-DTPA in human brain tumors was within the quantitative scope of 0-1 mM.

Conclusions

The proposed quantitative method based on ΔSI measurement is accurate and applicable for real-time neuroimaging at 3.0 T.     

3 T强磁场对真空蒸发Zn薄膜晶体结构的影响

在3 T强磁场下采用真空蒸发沉积在玻璃基片上制备了三种厚度分别为1,2,3 μm的Zn薄膜,并和无磁场下制备的薄膜进行了对比研究.对施加磁场和无磁场环境下制备的试样分别进行了X射线衍射研究.研究表明,3 T磁场下制备的Zn薄膜都是沿（002）面取向,而0 T磁场下制备的薄膜随着厚度的增加c轴取向逐渐减弱. 3 T磁场的取向作用可以维持Zn晶粒沿着c轴取向.利用扫描电子显微镜对薄膜表面形貌的研究发现,施加磁场制备的Zn薄膜表面晶粒要比无磁场条件下制备的薄膜有明显的细化.对磁场下Zn原子团形成进行了热力学分析,推导了磁场作用下的临界形核半径r^*_M和临界形核自由能ΔG^*_M.初步分析表明,r^*_M和ΔG^*_M减小从而增加临界形核浓度是Zn晶粒细化的原因. 关键词： 强磁场 晶体结构 真空蒸发沉积 薄膜     

Anisotropic relaxation time T′2 of solid 3He

This paper investigates an anisotropy of the adiabatic relaxation time T ₂′ for single crystalline bcc ³He. No difference in the calculation of T ₁(0) was revealed between the nearest-neighbor anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg model and the multiple exchange model. However, we may distinguish these two models by the anisotropy of the adiabatic relaxation time T ₂′. The results presented in this paper are compared with experimental observations.     

15 T NbTi/Nb3Sn超导磁体的设计

提出了一个冷孔直径150 mm、中心磁场为15 T的NbTi/Nb_3Sn超导磁体电磁结构。分析了超导磁体各线圈中磁场的分布规律,结合超导材料临界性能,得到了超导磁体的运行电磁裕度。针对线圈结构组份材料的机械性能,采用平均有限元法仿真了超导磁体的应力/应变,最大环向应力和应变分别为112 MPa和0.297%。该结果表明了超导Nb_3Sn线圈中的应力/应变处于合理水平。     

What are normal relaxation times of tissues at 3 T?

The T₁ and T₂ relaxation times are the basic parameters behind magnetic resonance imaging. The accurate knowledge of the T₁ and T₂ values of tissues allows to perform quantitative imaging and to develop and optimize magnetic resonance sequences. A vast extent of methods and sequences has been developed to calculate the T₁ and T₂ relaxation times of different tissues in diverse centers. Surprisingly, a wide range of values has been reported for similar tissues (e.g. T₁ of white matter from 699 to 1735 ms and T₂ of fat from 41 to 371 ms), and the true values that represent each specific tissue are still unclear, which have deterred their common use in clinical diagnostic imaging. This article presents a comprehensive review of the reported relaxation times in the literature in vivo at 3 T for a large span of tissues. It gives a detailed analysis of the different methods and sequences used to calculate the relaxation times, and it explains the reasons of the spread of reported relaxation times values in the literature.     

Lung MRI assessment with high-frequency noninvasive ventilation at 3 T

PurposeTo investigate three MR pulse sequences under high-frequency noninvasive ventilation (HF-NIV) at 3 T and determine which one is better-suited to visualize the lung parenchyma.MethodsA 3D ultra-short echo time stack-of spirals Volumetric Interpolated Breath-hold Examination (UTE Spiral VIBE), without and with prospective gating, and a 3D double-echo UTE sequence with spiral phyllotaxis trajectory (3D radial UTE) were performed at 3 T in ten healthy volunteers under HF-NIV. Three experienced radiologists evaluated visibility and sharpness of normal anatomical structures, artifacts assessment, and signal and contrast ratio computation. The median of the three readers‘scores was used for comparison, p < .05 was considered statistically significant. Incidental findings were recorded and reported.ResultsThe 3D radial UTE resulted in less artifacts than the non-gated and gated UTE Spiral VIBE in inferior (score _{3D radial UTE} = 3, slight artifact without blurring vs. score _{UTE Spiral VIBE non-gated and gated} = 2, moderate artifact with blurring of anatomical structure, p = .018 and p = .047, respectively) and superior lung regions (score _{3D radial UTE} = 3, vs. score _{UTE Spiral VIBE non-gated} = 2.5, p = .48 and score _{UTE Spiral VIBE gated} = 1, severe artifact with no normal structure recognizable, p = .014), and higher signal and contrast ratios (p = .002, p = .093). UTE Spiral VIBE sequences provided higher peripheral vasculature visibility than the 3D radial UTE (94.4% vs 80.6%, respectively, p < .001). The HF-NIV was well tolerated by healthy volunteers who reported on average minor discomfort. In three volunteers, 12 of 18 nodules confirmed with low-dose CT were identified with MRI (average size 2.6 ± 1.2 mm).ConclusionThe 3D radial UTE provided higher image quality than the UTE Spiral VIBE. Nevertheless, a better nodule assessment was noticed with the UTE Spiral VIBE that might be due to better peripheral vasculature visibility, and requires confirmation in a larger cohort.     

Generation of human thalamus atlases from 7 T data and application to intrathalamic nuclei segmentation in clinical 3 T T1-weighted images

The thalamus serves as the central relay station for the brain. It processes and relays sensory and motor signals between different subcortical regions and the cerebral cortex and it can be divided into several neuronal clusters referred to as nuclei. Each of these can possibly be subdivided into sub-nuclei. Accurate and reliable identification of thalamic nuclei is important for surgical interventions and neuroanatomical studies. This is however a challenging task because the small size of the nuclei and the lack of contrast over the thalamus region in clinically acquired images does not permit the visualization of their boundaries. A number of methods have been developed for thalamus parcellation but the vast majority of these relies on diffusion imaging or functional imaging. The low resolution of these images only permit localizing the largest nuclei. In this work we propose a method to segment smaller nuclei. We first present a protocol to build histological-like atlases from a series of high-field (7 Tesla) MR images acquired with different pulse sequences that each permits to visualize the boundaries of a subset of the nuclei. We use this protocol to scan 9 subjects and we manually delineate 23 thalamic nuclei following the Morel atlas naming convention for each of these subjects. Manual contours for the nuclei are subsequently utilized to create statistical shape models. With these data, we compare four methods for the segmentation of thalamic nuclei in 3 T images we have also acquired for the 9 subjects included in the study: (1) single atlas, (2) multi atlas, (3) statistical shape, and (4) hierarchical statistical shape in which thalamic nuclei are hierarchically fitted to the images, starting from the largest ones. Results of a leave-one-out validation study conducted on the nine image sets we have acquired show that the multi atlas approach improves upon the single atlas approach for most nuclei. Segmentations obtained with the hierarchical statistical shape model yield the highest accuracy, with dice coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.90, mean surface errors from 0.27 mm to 0.64 mm, and maximum surface errors from 1.31 mm to 2.52 mm for all nuclei averaged across test cases. This suggests the feasibility of using such approach for localizing thalamic substructures in clinically acquired MR volumes. It may have a direct impact on surgeries such as Deep Brain Stimulation procedures that require the implantation of stimulating electrodes in specific thalamic nuclei.     

40T混合磁体Nb_3Sn超导电缆的研制

中国科学院强磁场科学中心的40T混合磁体由内部水冷磁体和外部超导磁体组成。外部超导磁体采用高临界电流密度的Nb3Sn材料制成的CICC超导导体绕制而成,目前已经完成了超导磁体所需的超导电缆的全部设计和加工任务。本文详细介绍了采用Nb3Sn材料的CICC超导电缆的设计准则、电缆配置方案以及绞制工艺等内容,讨论了超导电缆的扭距大小选取原则、叠包参数选取原则,分析了绞制过程中放线张力的控制方案等内容。     

T1ρ mapping improvement using stretched-type adiabatic locking pulses for assessment of human liver function at 3 T

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of stretched-type adiabatic spin lock pulses for homogeneous spin locking with a flexible spin lock time (TSL) setting.MethodsT_1ρ values were obtained from 61 patients and five normal volunteers who were categorized using the Child–Pugh classification and scanned using each spin lock pulse type. The pulses used were the block and two kinds of hyperbolic secant (HS); HS8_10, and HS8_5. Visual scoring was categorized using a four point scale (1:Severe, 2:Moderate, 3:Mild and 4:None) to evaluate the homogeneity of the T_1ρ map and the source images obtained by each spin lock pulse. Mean T_1ρ values among the patient groups with different Child–Pugh classification were compared.ResultsThe visual assessment scores were 1.98 ± 1.05 for block pulse locking, 3.87 ± 0.39 for HS8_10 pulse locking, and 3.83 ± 0.45 for HS8_5 pulse locking, respectively. The scores between block pulse and HS8_10 were significantly different (p < 0.001), as were those between block pulse and HS8_5 (p < 0.001).The median T_1ρ values of normal liver function, Child–Pugh A, and Child–Pugh B or C were 37.00 ms, 40.77 ms, and 42.20 ms for block pulse, 46.75 ms, 50.78 ms, and 55.60 ms for HS8_10, and 48.80 ms, 55.42 ms, and 57.80 ms for HS8_5, respectively.ConclusionThe spin locking sequence using stretched-type adiabatic pulses provides homogeneous liver T_1ρ maps with reduced artifact and is necessary for a robust evaluation of liver function using T_1ρ.     

Measuring T₂ and T₁, and imaging T₂ without spin echoes

During adiabatic excitation, the nuclear magnetization in the transverse plane is subject to T(2) (spin-spin) relaxation, depending on the pulse length τ. Here, this property is exploited in a method of measuring T(2) using the ratio of NMR signals acquired with short and long-duration self-refocusing adiabatic pulses, without spin-echoes. This Dual-τ method is implemented with B(1)-insensitive rotation (BIR-4) pulses. It is validated theoretically with Bloch equation simulations independent of flip-angle, and experimentally in phantoms. Dual-τT(2) measurements are most accurate at short T(2) where results agree with standard spin-echo measures to within 10% for T(2) ≤ 100 ms. Dual-τ MRI performed with a long 0° BIR-4 pre-pulse provides quantitative T(2) imaging of phantoms and the human foot while preserving desired contrast and functional properties of the rest of the MRI sequence. A single 0° BIR-4 pre-pulse can provide T(2) contrast-weighted MRI and serve as a "T(2)-prep" sequence with a lower B(1) requirement than prior approaches. Finally, a Tri-τ experiment is introduced in which both τ and flip-angle are varied, enabling measurement of T(2), T(1) and signal intensity in just three acquisitions if flip-angles are well-characterized. These new methods can potentially save time and simplify relaxation measurements and/or contrast-weighted NMR and MRI.     

人脑GABA测量在临床3 T磁共振成像系统上的实现

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric Acid，GABA)是人脑中枢神经系统中一种重要的抑制性神经递质，对神经活动的调节起着主导作用.由于人脑GABA固有含量低以及与其他代谢物谱峰的重叠，在临床用磁共振成像系统中使用点分辨波谱(PRESS)序列或受激回波采集模式(STEAM)序列难以直接检测到GABA δ 3.01信号. 该文报道了MEGA-PRESS脉冲序列在临床用3 T磁共振成像系统上的实现，采用J差分谱编辑技术实现了对GABA的检测. 水模实验和人脑在体实验显示，MEGA-PRESS序列对GABA δ 3.01信号具有较好的检测效果.     

Time-Dependent Quantum Dynamics of T＋CH4 → CH3＋HT Reaction

Reaction probability, cross section and rate constant are studied for polyatomic reaction T CH4 → CH3 HT using the semirigid vibrating rotor target (SVRT) model. The numerical calculation for the reaction system is carried out using the time-dependent wavepacket method, and the wavepacket is propagated by the splitoperator method. The calculation exhibits a variety of features that can be used for comparison with future experimental investigations. The reaction probability as a function of the translational energy shows slight oscillatory structures, similar to those observed in H abstraction reactions H H2 and H CH4. The comparisons with the H CH4 reaction are described.     

全Nb_3Sn 12T净孔径Φ36mm密实型超导磁体

本文报道用超导线共计11kg的三个Nb_3Sn分磁体组合成的净孔径φ36mm,中心场强12T的超导磁体。该强场超导磁体的特点是:体积小,重量轻,耗氦少,且可拆卸重新组合,以不同的孔径和中心场强多用途使用。     

全Nb3Sn12T净孔径Ф36mm密实型超导磁体

本报道用超导线共计１１ｋｇ的三个Ｎｂ３Ｓｎ分磁体组合成的净孔径Ф３６ｍｍ，中心场强１２Ｔ的超导磁体。该强场超导磁体的特点是：体积小，重量轻，耗氦少，且可拆卸重新组合，以不同的孔径和中心场强多用途使用。     

15 T Nb3Sn磁体热处理传热分析及实验研究

大孔径高场磁体是开展超导材料性能研究的必要装置。依托聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施项目,中科院等离子体物理研究所将进行15 T高场复合超导磁体研制,磁体高场区由Nb₃Sn密绕线圈构成。热处理是Nb₃Sn线圈研制的关键工艺环节也是磁体研制的难点,要求磁体热处理温度均匀性优于±5℃。针对15 T Nb₃Sn密绕线圈热处理需求,研制了一套真空磁体热处理系统。利用该系统完成了线圈热处理实验,通过传热仿真与实验结果分析,线圈整体温度均匀性优于±3℃,最终各项指标均满足热处理技术要求。     

S3C44B0X与T6963的接口设计技术

简要描述了S3C44B0X和T6963的特性,给出了S3C44B0X与T6963的硬件连接图。详细介绍了点亮内置T6963控制器的LCD屏的步骤给出了相关的C语言实现程序。