高功率椭圆形柱面介质透镜天线阵的设计

设计了一种椭圆形柱面透镜天线阵列。为改善天线的辐射性能,考虑到高功率应用中的高压击穿问题,提出在横截面为椭圆形组合矩形的天线罩内填充变压器油的方法,并将三元刀型天线阵列密封其内,形成介质透镜天线阵。利用椭圆的几何聚焦能力和介质的缩波效应,提高天线阵列的主瓣增益,并增加天线阵列的电尺寸。通过调整天线阵列的单元间距,相较于不加透镜的阵列结构,该结构的轴向远场电压峰峰值增加41%,远场辐射波束宽度变窄,前后比也得到改善,且增益提高了4.96 dB,功率容量提高338倍,达9.63 GW。     

分布式阻抗末端加载的TEM喇叭天线设计

基于功率容量和口径匹配扩展低频工作带宽两方面的考虑,设计了一种具有分布式阻抗末端加载结构的超宽带TEM喇叭天线。首先,对渐变式同轴-平板的巴伦结构进行了优化设计,扩展了馈电结构的工作带宽,提高了馈电效率;其次,对指数型TEM喇叭天线末端进行了分布式阻抗的匹配设计,其端口特性和辐射特性均得到了明显改善,并采用功率方向图和能量方向图对天线的辐射效果进行评估。实验结果表明,相对于指数型TEM喇叭天线,加载分布式阻抗匹配末端结构后,天线低频带宽展宽了330 MHz,天线主轴辐射电场峰峰值提高了10%,馈电效率提高了17%。     

TEM喇叭天线低频辐射分析与天线设计

在超宽带TEM喇叭天线的设计中, 如何改善天线的低频性能是目前研究的关键问题。通过分析天线的阻抗渐变特性与时域辐射特性, 设计了一种新型TEM喇叭天线, 解决了天线末端反射的问题, 提高了天线低频性能。与传统的TEM喇叭天线相比, 新型TEM喇叭天线在全频段减小了方向图后瓣, 提高了低频时天线辐射主轴增益, 拓展了低频带宽。验证实验表明, 该天线带宽为160 MHz~2.5GHz, 180 MHz主轴增益2.3dB, 全频段方向图后瓣小于-2dB, 尺寸为48.5cm×38.1cm×35cm, 同时兼顾了天线的小型化与低频带宽。     

TEM喇叭天线辐射机理分析和优化设计

在频域和时域研究了TEM喇叭天线的辐射机理。在频域,高频信号激励的TEM喇叭表现为口径天线的辐射特性,具有良好的方向性;低频信号激励的TEM喇叭可视作偶极子天线,具有全向辐射特性;在时域,脉冲激励的TEM喇叭天线辐射场由四个子波叠加构成,在不同方向上,各个子波的波形和相对时序不同,导致不同方向上辐射场波形也不相同。根据辐射机理研究结果,提出了一种TEM喇叭天线末端加载设计并给出了其优化设计方法,有效地改善了天线主轴辐射性能,提高了辐射因子和天线效率。     

高功率超宽谱双反射面天线优化设计与实验

对高功率超宽谱双反射面天线系统进行了优化改进设计,兼顾辐射性能、馈入反射和功率容量。采用沿能流线设计的粗胖实体结构代替板状TEM喇叭极板结构,增加低频电流的回流通道,从而改善天线馈入反射特性。将副反射面设计为尼龙箱体内、外两部分,使其与尼龙箱体之间的连接螺钉不再突出于高压电场中,优化后最大场强下降了约70%,功率容量达到59 GW,通过Taguchi优化算法对组合馈源喇叭结构进行整体优化,天线辐射因子rE(辐射场峰值与观测点距离乘积)提高了1.2倍。优化后的天线系统进行了高功率实验,实验结果表明:天线系统功率容量达到30 GW,辐射因子超过8 MV。     

高功率内置弧形折线栅式极化转换天线罩的设计与实验研究北大核心CSCD

为了实现天线罩的轻量化,同时满足高功率的应用,提出了一种高功率内置弧形折线栅式极化转换天线罩。该天线罩将弧形折线栅式极化转换板放置于介质密封罩内部,通过对弧形折线栅单元结构及介质密封罩结构的联合设计,在实现轻量化的同时降低了金属栅上的电场,使其更加有利于在高功率微波领域的工程应用。针对C波段高功率线极化螺旋阵列天线的应用需求,优化设计了一个中心频率为4.3 GHz的高功率极化转换天线罩,将其加载至某高功率径向线螺旋阵列天线上开展了辐射特性和功率容量的仿真和测试,仿真和实验结果吻合,该天线罩可实现圆极化波到线极化波的转换,其中心频率下的插入损耗为0.2 dB,主射方向轴比为20 dB,功率容量达到48 MW。     

超宽带折线型TEM喇叭天线实验研究

基于功率容量和口径匹配的考虑,设计了一种超宽带折线型TEM喇叭天线。相比传统恒阻抗TEM喇叭,主要改进在于采用了同轴到平板过渡的馈入结构,辐射极板改为两段折线形式。通过理论模拟和实验研究对两种天线的输入、辐射特性进行了比较和分析。结果表明:采用960ps宽度的高斯脉冲激励,同轴平板过渡峰值功率传输效率达到85%;相比于恒阻抗喇叭,折线TEM喇叭辐射峰值电场提高30%,H面方向图主瓣宽度由80°压缩至60°,同时改善了700 MHz频带内的传输辐射特性,瞬态脉冲峰值功率容量达到15GW。     

X波段高功率容量Rotman透镜设计与仿真

介绍了Rotman透镜的工作原理,给出了透镜的设计方程。为适应天线在高功率水平下工作的需求,使用平板型设计,以提升功率容量,采用宽度渐变的方式改善了Rotman透镜的传输线分布方式。设计了一款工作在9.4 GHz、拥有9个输入端口和9个输出端口的高功率容量Rotman透镜天线。仿真结果表明,天线的扫描角度可以达到±22°,各方向增益大于16.5 dBi,效率约为60%,功率容量可达到0.9 GW。     

TEM喇叭天线低频补偿实验研究

 通过对TEM喇叭天线低频补偿的实验,验证了低频补偿原理的正确性。低频补偿可以改善TEM喇叭天线的低频传输特性及低频辐射特性。当TEM喇叭天线与低频补偿回路形成电偶极子和磁偶极子满足匹配条件时,天线低频辐射的单向性将得到提高。当天线的低频补偿回路形成的磁偶极矩足够大时,低频补偿可增大天线主辐射方向的辐射,并改善天线低频辐射特性。     

辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器TEM喇叭天线

针对辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器采用TEM喇叭天线作为辐射天线时低频辐射能力有限的问题,对板型和线型两种基本形式的TEM喇叭天线进行了分析。在采用线型TEM喇叭天线以减轻模拟器重量的基础上,在天线末端采用螺旋线结构,并增加屏蔽板回路,构造了一种新型TEM喇叭天线。结果表明:与普通线型TEM喇叭天线相比,该新型天线较大地提高了低频辐射性能,可使近场波形脉宽提高7ns左右,峰值场强提高了1kV/m左右;通过增大螺旋线半径和提高螺旋线密度可以提高峰值场强,增加近场波形脉宽;通过屏蔽板回路可以降低反射波纹的波峰从而改善近场波形。     

A novel flat lens horn antenna designed based on zero refraction principle of metamaterials

In this paper, a horn antenna filled with a metamaterial structure as lens inner the aperture is presented. Unlike conventional curve lenses, the lens is designed in the present work using a fully flat structure, which results in a great improvement for the directivity of the horn antenna based on the zero refraction characteristics of the metamaterial. In this structure, a periodic-structure metamaterial with three-layer metal grids is designed using the CST Microwave Studio for optimization and its zero refraction property is validated. For the characterization of the antenna, the electric-field distribution in radiation area, reflection parameter (S₁₁), gain and radiation pattern are calculated. The results show that the gain of a wide flare angle horn antenna is enhanced with over 2 dB between 16.10–17.30 GHz after the metamaterial is utilized. Therefore, the metamaterial lens horn structure results in a miniaturized antenna design approach compared to the optimum conventional horn of the same aperture size and gain in the interested frequency band. PACS 78.70.Gq; 81.05.Zx; 84.40.Ba     

3 mm圆锥喇叭聚焦天线的理论与仿真

介绍了基于传统光路法的聚焦透镜的设计方法。利用电磁仿真软件计算了透镜置于圆锥喇叭口的3 mm聚焦透镜天线的性能。根据圆锥喇叭最大方向系数及现有文献公式确定喇叭张角,仿真得到天线聚焦性能不够理想。然后仿真了张角12,20,30三种天线聚焦性能,其焦距随张角增大而增大,逐渐接近所设计焦距。从而验证了光路法需电磁波长相对喇叭口径足够小的结论。给出了喇叭张角12,20,30三种天线焦平面上电场分布。喇叭张角30天线焦斑小于2倍波长。     

Ultra-thin single-layer transparent geometrical phase gradient metasurface and its application to high-gain circularly-polarized lens antenna

A new method to design an ultra-thin high-gain circularly-polarized antenna system with high efficiency is proposed based on the geometrical phase gradient metasurface(GPGM).With an accuracy control of the transmission phase and also the high transmission amplitude,the GPGM is capable of manipulating an electromagnetic wave arbitrarily.A focusing transmission lens working at Ku band is well optimized with the F /D of 0.32.A good focusing effect is demonstrated clearly by theoretical calculation and electromagnetic simulation.For further application,an ultra-thin single-layer transmissive lens antenna based on the proposed focusing metasurface operating at 13 GHz is implemented and launched by an original patch antenna from the perspective of high integration,simple structure,and low cost.Numerical and experimental results coincide well,indicating the advantages of the antenna system,such as a high gain of 17.6 d B,the axis ratio better than 2 d B,a high aperture efficiency of 41%,and also a simple fabrication process based on the convenient print circuit board technology.The good performance of the proposed antenna indicates promising applications in portable communication systems.     

Low noise completely quasioptical SIS receiver for radioastronomy at 115 GHZ

Completely quasioptical heterodyne SIS receiver for radioastronomical applications at 115 GHz was designed and tested. Gaussian beam two lens input guide system and open structure SIS mixer with immersion lens were used. Integrated quasioptical structure consists of planar equiangular spiral antenna and superconductor—insulator—superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction as a mixing element connected to the antenna via microstrip impedance transformer. The best SIS mixer noise temperature at hot input and for heterodyne frequency 109.8 GHz with IF central frequency 1.4 GHz (DSB) was 28±7 K at the first quasiparticle step and 8±6 K at the second step.     

Quasioptical Approach for Meniscus Lens Corrected Horn: Application to Cassegrain Systems

The Beam Mode Expansion (BME) approach for corrugated conical feed horn plus meniscus lens is presented. This approach is useful for providing the radiation pattern as it propagates through an optical system. A developed theoretical model has been verified measuring near and far field of a built horn and lens. These results have been used for designing the optical system of a Cassegrain antenna at 100GHz using the fundamental Gaussian beam mode (GBM) of the new approach. Multimode analysis has been performed with the pre-designed system in order to test the fundamental GBM results.     

一种基于油介质开关振荡器的紧凑宽带高功率微波源

紧凑宽带高功率微波源研制过程中，为了提高工作电压，开关振荡器采用变压器油作为绝缘介质。研制了一种具有较小几何尺寸和前向辐射方向图的组合振子天线作为辐射天线。在设计阶段，采用电磁仿真软件对开关振荡器和辐射天线的性能进行了仿真和预测。然后，对该宽带高功率微波源进行了实验研究，并对辐射场进行了测量。结果表明:开关振荡器的工作电压超过300 kV，辐射场rE值(距离和辐射电场峰值的乘积)达到125 kV；辐射场中心振荡频率为375 MHz，3 dB带宽为24%。     

用于瞬态高功率脉冲辐射的超宽带天线设计

基于Valentine天线的辐射原理,设计出可发射峰值电压610 kV、频谱范围0.2~2 GHz高功率脉冲的超宽带天线。利用油作为绝缘介质过渡巴伦可使天线直接加载于50 Ω的同轴波导上;通过优化填充介质及天线拓扑结构提高了耐压能力及辐射特性。仿真结果表明,设计的天线具有低反射、宽频带、高增益和高耐压强度等优点。