大尺寸贵金属纳米团簇热力学性质的分子动力学模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法和原子嵌入势模拟了大尺寸金(n=1136～1556)、银(n=1088～1724)、铜(n=1000～1600)、铂(n=1004～1800)原子纳米团簇的熔化过程,得出了相应纳米团簇的势能随温度的变化曲线以及热容量随温度的变化曲线,研究了各种原子纳米团簇熔点与其团簇尺寸的关系.模拟结果表明团簇的熔点随团簇尺寸增大而升高,并逐渐向大块晶体靠拢.所有纳米团簇在熔化过程中在熔点附近都出现负热容现象,通过对团簇熔化前后结构的比较,分析了导致这种现象的原因.     

银、钴和铂原子纳米团簇熔化过程的分子动力学模拟

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了银、钴和铂原子纳米团簇的熔化过程,模型采用的是Johson的EAM作用势.模拟结果表明,较大原子数目的纳米团簇其熔点随尺寸单调增加,而较小原子数目的团簇熔点和尺寸呈现无规则变化;大多数团簇在熔点附近都出现了负热容现象,说明负热容是纳米团簇在熔化过程中的一个普遍现象.     

银、钴和铂原子纳米团簇熔化过程的分子动力学模拟

本采用分子动力学模拟方法，研究了银、钴和铂原子纳米团簇的熔化过程，模型采用的是Johson的EAM作用势。模拟结果表明，较大原子数目的纳米团簇其熔点随尺寸单调增加，而较小原子数目的团簇熔点和尺寸呈现无规则变化；大多数团簇在熔点附近都出现了负热容现象，说明负热容是纳米团簇在熔化过程中的一个普遍现象。     

小尺寸铝纳米团簇的相变行为

采用分子动力学方法模拟了半径从0.3–1.3 nm变化的小尺寸铝纳米团簇的熔化、凝固行为. 基于势能-温度曲线、热容-温度曲线分析, 获得了熔点、凝固点与尺寸的依变关系, 并利用表面能理论、小尺寸效应开展了现象分析.研究表明, 铝团簇原子数小于80时, 熔点和凝固点的尺寸依赖性出现无规律的异常变化; 而大于该原子数, 熔、凝固点则随着团簇尺寸的减小而单调下降; 当原子数为27时, 团簇熔点高于块材熔点近40 K. 同时, 铝纳米团簇呈现出凝固滞后现象, 即凝固点低于熔点. 关键词： 纳米团簇 熔点 凝固点 分子动力学     

银纳米团簇负热容现象的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法和嵌入原子法(EAM)多体势函数,模拟研究了银纳米团簇在不同温度直到熔化过程中的结构变化,得到了体系能量和热容量随温度的变化关系.结果显示:银纳米团簇在临近熔点附近出现了负热容现象.研究了弛豫后银纳米团簇的稳态结构变化及其在不同时刻结构的演变过程.结果表明:产生负热容现象的主要原因是纳米团簇在熔点附近,结构发生了巨大的变化,形成由{111}和{100}面围成的结构十分稳定和能量更低的多面体.     

铜、银和铂原子纳米团簇负热容现象的分子动力学模拟研究

本文采用微正则分子动力学方法模拟研究了铂、铜和银原子纳米团族从固态到液态的熔化过程,得到热容量随温度变化关系,结果表明这三种金属纳米团簇在熔化过程中均出现了负热容现象,并通过对团簇热能随温度的变化关系以及团簇原子数径向分布的分析,探讨了产生负热容现象的微观机制.     

纳米团簇熔化过程的分子动力学模拟

本文采用分子动力学结合嵌入原子多体势,模拟了不同半径的Ni纳米团簇的升温熔化过程,研究团簇尺寸对熔点和表面能的影响.模拟结果表明:团簇的熔点显著低于体材料的熔点.团簇熔化的过程首先是在团簇的表面出现预熔,然后向团簇内部扩展,直到整个团簇完全熔为液态.在模拟的纳米尺度范围内,团簇的熔点与团簇尺寸基本成线性关系.团簇的表面能随着团簇尺寸的增大而减小,而且表面能均高于体材料的表面能.     

Aln(n=13–32)团簇熔化行为的分子动力学模拟研究

基于半经验的Gupta原子间多体相互作用势, 采用分子动力学方法并结合模拟退火及淬火技术, 系统研究了小尺寸铝团簇Al_n (n=13–32)的熔化行为. 模拟结果表明: 除个别尺寸(Al₁₃ 和Al₁₉) 外, 团簇熔化过程比热曲线普遍呈现杂乱无规(无明显单峰)现象, 这与实验观测小Al团簇比热普遍无规的结果完全一致. 通过分析不同温度点上团簇淬火构型的势能分布图给出了小Al团簇比热呈现无规或有规现象的成因. 对于比热无规团簇, 可以利用原子等价指数判断给出团簇熔点, 所得团簇熔点随团簇尺寸的变化趋势与实验观测结果完全一致. 关键词： Gupta势 团簇 分子动力学 熔化     

不同热浴下Co团簇熔化行为的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学方法,采用Berendsen热浴和Nose-Hoover热浴分别研究了Con (n=13,55,147)团簇的熔化特性,模型采用Gupta相互作用势.模拟结果表明：两种热浴对钴团簇熔点及预熔化区间给出了基本一致的描述.所研究团簇体系在给定温度下长时间内各Co团簇中单个原子的速率(速度)分布与麦克斯韦速率(速度)分布曲线符合很好.     

不同热浴下Co团簇熔化行为的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学方法,采用Berendsen热浴和Nose-Hoover热浴分别研究了Co_n(n=13,55,147)团簇的熔化特性,模型采用Gupta相互作用势.模拟结果表明:两种热浴对钴团簇熔点及预熔化区间给出了基本一致的描述.所研究团簇体系在给定温度下长时间内各Co团簇中单个原子的速率(速度)分布与麦克斯韦速率(速度)分布曲线符合很好.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.