多相流体力学的发展现状及其展望(提纲)

绪言1.1 多相流动与多组分流动1.2 两相流动的两个典型例子1.3 两相流动的发展简史1.4 两相流体力学的应用 (1)动力与能源;(2)化工与加工工业;(3)运输与轻工;(4)其 ...     

纤维悬浮流场动力学研究综述

阐述了纤维悬浮流研究的学术价值及其在实际中的应用,回顾了近10年来该领域的主要研究结果,提出了尚未解决而又非常重要的几个问题,指出了该领域的发展前景。     

Coriolis质量流量计及其原理分析

分析了质量流量计的工作原理,并讨论了有关频率和仪表系数的计算.     

动力工程多相流国家重点实验室研究进展

动力工程多相流国家重点实验室是在西安交通大学多相流与传热研究室的基础上,于1990年2月由国家计委批准开始建设,于 1992年12月建成并通过国家验收,从1993年起正式对外开放．     

第四届国际多相流数值方法会议暨美国ASME流体工程分会2000年夏季年会介绍

１一般情况 第四届国际多相流数值方法会议暨美国 ＡＳＭＥ流体工程分会２０００年夏季年会于 ２０００年 ６月 １１日～１５日在美国 Ｂｏｓｔｏｎ召开．参加 ＡＳＭＥ２０００年流体工程分会夏季年会的代表有５００人左右,其中大部分来自美国,一部分来自欧洲和日本、韩国等国,中国大陆有清华大学工程力学系周力行和水利系梅祖彦参加．中国台湾也有代表参加．夏季年会主席为美国华盛顿州立大学Ｓｔｏｃｋ教授,发表论文３００篇左右．第四届国际多相流数值方法会议的组织者为美国Ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎ大学Ｔｈｙｇｇｖａｓｏｎ教授,发表论…     

An analysis of the chaotic motion of particles of different sizes in a gas fluidized bed

The dynamic behavior of individual particles during the mixing/segregation process of particle mixtures in a gas fluidized bed is analyzed. The analysis is based on the results generated from discrete particle simulation, with the focus on the trajectory of and forces acting on individual particles. Typical particles are selected representing three kinds of particle motion： a flotsam particle which is initially at the bottom part of the bed and finally fluidized at the top part of the bed; a jetsam particle which is initially at the top part of the bed and finally stays in the bottom de-fluidized layer of the bed; and a jetsam particle which is intermittently joining the top fluidized and bottom de-fluidized layers. The results show that the motion of a particle is chaotic at macroscopic or global scale, but can be well explained at a microscopic scale in terms of its interaction forces and contact conditions with other particles, particle-fluid interaction force, and local flow structure. They also highlight the need for establishing a suitable method to link the information generated and modeled at different time and length scales.     

气液两相瞬变流的流固耦合模型研究

传统的气液两相流瞬态分析和管道动力响应计算是分开的,存在一定的缺陷．针对石油工业中常见的多相混输问题,介绍了常见的气液两相流瞬态模型和流固之间存在的耦合机理,在不作薄壁管假设的前提下推导出了气液两相瞬变流的流固耦合模型．与现有相似模型的对比分析表明,这一模型比较全面地考虑了流体和管道的特性以及不同的耦合形式,可以适应实验和／或仿真研究的需要．     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL GAS-PARTICLE FLOW IN A SPIRAL CYCLONE

The three-dimension gas-particle flow in a spiral cyclone is simulated numerically in this paper. The gas flow field was obtained by solving the three-dimension Navier-Stokes equations with Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). It is shown that there are two regions in the cyclone, the steadily tangential flow in the spiral channel and the combined vortex flow in the centre. Numerical results for particles trajectories show that the initial position of the particle at the inlet plane substantially affects its trajectory in the cyclone. The particle collection efficiency curves at different inlet velocities were obtained and the effects of inlet flow rate on the performance of the spiral cyclone were presented. Numerical results also show that the increase of flow rate leads to the increase of particles collection efficiency, but the pressure drop increases sharply.     

激波卷扬的气体粉尘边界层的实验与数值研究

采用瞬态阴影技术和激光消光技术对激波卷扬粉尘的现象进行了实验研究,理论研究采用ＰＳＩＣ（ＰａｒｔｉｃｌｅＳｏｕｒｃｅｉｎＣｅｌｌ）模型,模型同时考虑了湍流效应及气固两相间的输运效应。结果表明,激波卷扬的粉尘颗粒在壁面附近湍流区内先被加速,一定高度后减速,从而在边界层内形成一个高颗粒浓度的区域。数值结果与实验结果基本一致。     

Evolution of flow structure in impinging three-dimensional axial and radial jets

Direct numerical simulations of the flow field of an element of banks of impinging axial and radial slot jets for different Reynolds number are presented. Simulations have been obtained from the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Results show for the chosen geometry a transition from steady to periodic to chaotic flow with increasing Reynolds number. The transition Reynolds number is nearly 50% smaller for the radial jet than for the axial jet. Period doubling has been observed for both cases, but only the radial jet shows periodic windows of chaos. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BROWNIAN COAGULATION AND MIXING OF NANOPARTICLES IN 2D RAYLEIGH-B?NARD CONVECTION

采用泰勒展开矩方法对二维瑞利-贝纳德热对流系统(1×10⁶ ≤Ra ≤1 ×10⁸) 中纳米颗粒群的混合和凝并特性进行了数值模拟. 结果显示颗粒群随时间演化经历了扩散阶段、混合阶段、充分混合阶段3 个阶段, 随着颗粒群混合和凝并的进行, 颗粒数目浓度减少, 颗粒群的平均体积增大; 得到了颗粒分布函数各特征量与温度相关系数以及各特征量的空间分布标准偏差在3 个阶段的不同特征; 得到了颗粒分布函数各阶矩以及平均体积长时间演化的渐近行为, 结果与零维渐近解析解一致. 最后, 本文进一步研究了无量纲数(包括瑞利数Ra, 斯密特数Sc_M, 达姆科勒数Da) 对颗粒群达到自保持分布时间的影响, 发现该时间随着Ra和Sc_M的增大呈对数率减小, 随着Da的增大呈线性增大     

ROUNDED FLOWING STATES OF OBSTRUCTED BUOYANT JET

The mutual relationships of three effective factors, the diameter D/d (d is the diameter of exit) of obstructed plate, exit densimetric Froude number and the distance H/d of the plate from jet orifice for obstructed buoyant jet in static ambient, are analyzed to explain normal and abnormal rounded flowing (reverberated and bifurcated flowing). The critical Froude numbers for obstructed buoyant jets with H/d=2, 4, 6, 8 which distinguished normal and abnormal flowing pattern are obtained. Normal rounded flowing is found only for a plate under a special value of H/d. A fitted formula of critical Froude numbers with H/d and D/d is presented to distinguish rounded flowing types. The occurring of reverberated or bifurcated flowing in abnormal rounded flow is analyzed. Based on the results of obstructed buoyant jets with D/d=1, normal rounded flowing occurred only for all conditions and axial dilution behind the plate under different H/D is obtained.     

基于分子平均自由程的热流计算壁面网格准则

面向壁面热流Navier-Stokes方程数值计算的应用, 研究了壁面法向网格尺度问题.从气体分子物理学角度, 对壁面热流进行了微观统计分析,指出壁面热流与气体分子平均自由程之间的内在联系是壁面法向网格尺度存在最优下限的原因. 据此建立了一个新的壁面法向网格尺度准则, 即MFP准则.该准则简单、实用, 具有清晰的热力学物理意义, 且只依赖于壁面局部参数. 并以多种对比算例验证了MFP准则的准确性和适用性.      

双股燃气射流在充液室内扩展特性的实验研究

为了探索高温高压双股燃气射流在整装式液体工质中的扩展特性,设计了五级圆柱渐扩型观察室和圆柱型观察室,借助数字高速录像系统,观察了双股燃气射流在充液室中的扩展过程,对比了不同的观察室边界以及不同的参数条件对双股燃气射流扩展过程的影响。实验结果表明,圆柱渐扩型观察室结构更有助于改善气液的掺混特性,通过参数的合理匹配可以一定程度上控制双股燃气射流在三维充液室中的扩展过程。     

纳米硬度实验中的多位错生成分析

本文利用边界单元法及基于Peierls-Nabarro模型的位错理论,分析了理想纳米触头下多位错的生成,得到了滑移面上多位错的构形以及表面位移与载荷的关系曲线.根据得到的计算结果分析了薄膜厚度的影响,得到了与已有实验结果相同的结论.通过把表面看成一个包含在无穷大弹性体中的无穷大弹性体中无穷大裂纹来考虑表面的影响,从而可以直接采用已有的边界积分方程.该方法在连续介质力学的计算中引入了包含原子信息的层间势能函数,为分析多尺度的力学问题提供了有效的方法.     

Numerical simulation of compressible plane jets

Two- and three-dimensional spatial direct numerical simulations of a compressible plane jet exhausting into a parallel stream are described. These simulations reveal the inadequacy of a two-dimensional model in capturing the totality of the flow physics. In two dimensions, instabilities evolve into highly organized large-scale mixing events; two-dimensional time-averaged turbulence quantities also suffer from artificial vortex organization. Mean normal velocity profiles show a significant reduction in entrainment with increased compressibility, while the effect is much less pronounced in three dimensions. While streamwise and spanwise turbulence intensities exhibit no change with increased compressibility, normal intensity and shear stress are significantly reduced.     

Opposed round jets issuing into a small aspect ratio channel cross flow

Round jets (diameter D) discharging into a confined cross flow (dimension 3.16D × 21.05D) are investigated experimentally. Two configurations are considered: (1) a single jet (momentum flux ratio, J = 155) and (2) two opposed jets with two different momentum flux ratios (J = 60, and 155). A two-component laser-Doppler anemometer is used to make a detailed map of the normal stresses and mean velocities in the symmetry plane of the jets. In addition, smoke-wire and laser-sheet visualization are used to study the flow.

The rate of bending of the single confined jet is found to be higher than the rate of bending of an unconfined jet with the same momentum flux ratio. In the far field, the jet centerline velocity is observed to decay more slowly than the unconfined jet, indicating poor turbulent diffusion of linear momentum. Annular shear layer vortices are visualized on the upstream edge of the jet in the near field. In the far field, the flow visualization suggests that the jet loses its integrity and fragments into independent regions that are convected by the cross flow.

In the opposed jet configuration at the high momentum flux ratio (J = 155), the jets impinge in the center of the duct, and a pair of vortices is observed upstream of the impingement region. The flow visualization implies that the impingement vortices form quasi periodically and have a finite life span. In the impingement region, the jets are observed to penetrate alternately beyond the symmetry plane of the duct. In the two-jet configuration with J = 60, the jets do not impinge on each other owing to the higher rate of bending. Instead, the flow visualization indicates that the shear layers of the jets penetrate to the central region and periodically pinch off regions of the potential-like cross-flow fluid where they meet. The pinch-off regions of cross-flow fluid are convected by the turbulent flow for large distances, yet remain essentially unmixed.     

The nonlinear evolution of swirling jets

We investigate the mechanisms of vorticity concentration, reorientation and stretching in a swirling jet, whose dynamics is dominated by the competition of a Kelvin-Helmholtz-type vortex sheet instability and a centrifugal Rayleigh instability. To this end, we employ an inviscid Lagrangian vortex filament technique. It is found that the axial jet velocity profile breaks the symmetry of the pure swirling flow. Conversely, the swirl is seen to modify the case dominated by a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in that it results in the formation of counterrotating vortex rings. A pinch-off mechanism is observed which leads to a dramatic decrease in the local jet diameter. Furthermore, the vortex ring circulation is seen to be time dependent.

---

Sommario In questo lavoro si analizza la dinamica della vorticità in un setto rotante in cui siano presenti, ed in competizione reciproca, fenomeni di instabilità di Kelvin-Helmholtz e di Rayleigh. A tale scopo si adotta una metodologia di soluzione non viscosa, Lagrangiana a filamenti vorticosi. Viene mostrato come il profilo di velocità assiale del getto altera la simmetria del moto di pura rotazione. Viceversa, la presenza della rotazione modifica il flusso dominato dall'instabilità di Kelvin-Helmholtz attraverso la formazione di anelli vorticosi controrotanti. L'interazione di questi due campi di velocità porta sia ad una considerevole riduzione del diametro locale del getto, sia ad una variazione temporale della circolazione degli anelli vorticosi.

     

Possible classification of the self-oscillatory spouting regimes of plane vertical submerged jets of a heavy fluid

New results of an experimental investigation of self-oscillatory regimes of plane vertical jet spouting from beneath the free surface of a heavy incompressible fluid are discussed. The experiments were performed on a setup with discharge over a weir. The range of dimensionless jet submergence values on which bifurcation change of spouting regime is observable is studied. It is established that on the Froude number and dimensionless jet submergence ranges considered in the study six characteristic spouting regimes differing in free surface shape and self-oscillation frequency can exist. It is shown that these regimes can be subdivided into three typical groups with respect to the dependence of the self-oscillation period on the jet flow rate. A dimensionless parameter that makes it possible to identify the boundaries of the bifurcation change in spouting regimes is obtained for each of these groups. For certain spouting regimes without the formation of free jets numerical calculations are carried out using the STAR-CD software package; the calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data.