The semi-<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis> cone convex set-valued map and its applications

In this paper, firstly, a new notion of the semi-E cone convex set-valued map is introduced in locally convex spaces. Secondly, without any convexity assumption, we investigate the existence conditions of the weakly efficient element of the set-valued optimization problem. Finally, under the assumption of the semi-E cone convexity of set-valued maps, we obtain that the local weakly efficient element of the set-valued optimization problem is the weakly efficient element. We also give some examples to illustrate our results.     

Bernstein–Doetsch-type criteria for the continuity and Lipschitz continuity of convex set-valued mappings

The Bernstein–Doetsch criterion (for convex and midconvex functionals) has been repeatedly generalized to convex and midconvex set-valued mappings F: X → 2 ^Y ; continuity and local Lipschitz continuity were understood in the sense of the Hausdorff distance. However, all such results imposed restrictive additional boundedness-type conditions on the images F(x). In this paper, the Bernstein–Doetsch criterion is generalized to arbitrary convex and midconvex set-valued mappings acting on normed linear spaces X,Y.     

Inscribed Balls and Their Centers

A ball of maximal radius inscribed in a convex closed bounded set with a nonempty interior is considered in the class of uniformly convex Banach spaces. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the centers of inscribed balls form a uniformly continuous (as a set function) set-valued mapping in the Hausdorff metric. In a finite-dimensional space of dimension n, the set of centers of balls inscribed in polyhedra with a fixed collection of normals satisfies the Lipschitz condition with respect to sets in the Hausdorff metric. A Lipschitz continuous single-valued selector of the set of centers of balls inscribed in such polyhedra can be found by solving n + 1 linear programming problems.     

On proximinality of convex sets in superspaces

In this paper, we show that a closed convex subset C of a Banach space is strongly proximinal (proximinal, resp.) in every Banach space isometrically containing it if and only if C is locally (weakly, resp.) compact. As a consequence, it is proved that local compactness of C is also equivalent to that for every Banach space Y isometrically containing it, the metric projection from Y to C is nonempty set-valued and upper semi-continuous.     

Scalarization of Set-Valued Optimization Problems with Generalized Cone Subconvexlikeness in Real Ordered Linear Spaces

In real ordered linear spaces, an equivalent characterization of generalized cone subconvexlikeness of set-valued maps is firstly established. Secondly, under the assumption of generalized cone subconvexlikeness of set-valued maps, a scalarization theorem of set-valued optimization problems in the sense of ?-weak efficiency is obtained. Finally, by a scalarization approach, an existence theorem of ?-global properly efficient element of set-valued optimization problems is obtained. The results in this paper generalize and improve some known results in the literature.     

Some Remarks on Perov Type Mappings in Cone Metric Spaces

Let \(\left( E,C,t\right) \) be a real ordered topological vector space and let (X, d) be a tvs-cone metric space over cone C. Using Proposition 19.9 of Deimling (Nonlinear functional analysis, Springer, Berlin, 1985), we show that E can be equipped with a norm such that C is a normal monotone solid cone. Hence, a tvs-cone metric space \(\left( X,d\right) \) over a solid cone C is a normal cone metric space over the same cone C. This assures that tvs-cone metric spaces are not a genuine generalization of cone metric spaces introduced by Huang and Zhang, recently. Further, if the cone C is solid then we have only cone metric spaces over normal solid cone (with coefficient of normality \(K=1\)). Here, we introduce also the notion of Sehgal–Guseman–Perov type mappings and we establish a result of existence and uniqueness of fixed points for this class of mappings.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>-distribution semigroups and <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>-ultradistribution semigroups in locally convex spaces

The main purpose of this paper is to study C-distribution semigroups and C-ultradistribution semigroups in the setting of sequentially complete locally convex spaces. We provide a few important theoretical novelties in this field and some interesting examples. Under consideration are stationary dense operators in a sequentially complete locally convex space.     

Invariance of the order and type of a sequence of operators

In the paper, the invariance property of characteristics (the order and type) of an operator and of a sequence of operators with respect to a topological isomorphism is proved. These characteristics give precise upper and lower bounds for the expressions ‖A_n(x)‖_p and enable one to state and solve problems of operator theory in locally convex spaces in a general setting. Examples of such problems are given by the completeness problem for the set of values of a vector function in a locally convex space, the structure problem for a subspace invariant with respect to an operator A, the problem of applicability of an operator series to a locally convex space, the theory of holomorphic operator-valued functions, the theory of operator and differential-operator equations in nonnormed spaces, and so on. However, the immediate evaluation of characteristics of operators (and of sequences of operators) directly by definition is practically unrealizable in spaces with more complicated structure than that of countably normed spaces, due to the absence of an explicit form of seminorms or to their complicated structure. The approach that we use enables us to find characteristics of operators and sequences of operators using the passage to the dual space, by-passing the definition, and makes it possible to obtain bounds for the expressions ‖A_n(x)‖_p even if an explicit form of seminorms is unknown.     

Locally Lipschitz vector optimization with inequality and equality constraints

The present paper studies the following constrained vector optimization problem: \(\mathop {\min }\limits_C f(x),g(x) \in - K,h(x) = 0\), where f: ? ⁿ → ? ^m , g: ? ⁿ → ? ^p are locally Lipschitz functions, h: ? ⁿ → ? ^q is C ¹ function, and C ? ? ^m and K ? ? ^p are closed convex cones. Two types of solutions are important for the consideration, namely w-minimizers (weakly efficient points) and i-minimizers (isolated minimizers of order 1). In terms of the Dini directional derivative first-order necessary conditions for a point x ⁰ to be a w-minimizer and first-order sufficient conditions for x ⁰ to be an i-minimizer are obtained. Their effectiveness is illustrated on an example. A comparison with some known results is done.     

Alternative principles and their applications

In this paper we establish two alternative principles of the following type: If X and Y are convex subsets of two locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces and \({F,S:X \multimap Y}\) are two set-valued mappings satisfying certain conditions, then either there exists \({x_0 \in X}\) such that \({F(x_0) = \emptyset}\) or \({\bigcap_{x \in X}S(x) \neq \emptyset}\). As first applications of the alternative principles we obtain two matching theorems of Ky Fan type. Next, are given several analytic alternatives and minimax inequalities. Finally we establish two very general alternative theorems concerning existence of solutions of a vector equilibrium problem.     

The Kreps-Yan theorem for Banach ideal spaces

Consider a closed convex cone C in a Banach ideal space X on some measure space with σ-finite measure. We prove that the fulfilment of the conditions C∩X ₊ = {0} and C??X ₊ guarantees the existence of a strictly positive continuous functional on X whose restriction to C is nonpositive.     

Differentiability of mappings in the geometry of Carnot manifolds

We study the differentiability of mappings in the geometry of Carnot-Carathéodory spaces under the condition of minimal smoothness of vector fields. We introduce a new concept of hc-differentiability and prove the hc-differentiability of Lipschitz mappings of Carnot-Carathéodory spaces (a generalization of Rademacher’s theorem) and a generalization of Stepanov’s theorem. As a consequence, we obtain the hc-differentiability almost everywhere of the quasiconformal mappings of Carnot-Carathéodory spaces. We establish the hc-differentiability of rectifiable curves by way of proof. Moreover, the paper contains a new proof of the functorial property of the correspondence “a local basis ? the nilpotent tangent cone.”     

Extending Lipschitz maps into <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>)-spaces

We show that if K is a compact metric space then C(K) is a 2-absolute Lipschitz retract. We then study the best Lipschitz extension constants for maps into C(K) from a given metric space M, extending recent results of Lancien and Randrianantoanina. They showed that a finite-dimensional normed space which is polyhedral has the isometric extension property for C(K)-spaces; here we show that the same result holds for spaces with Gateaux smooth norm or of dimension two; a three-dimensional counterexample is also given. We also show that X is polyhedral if and only if every subset E of X has the universal isometric extension property for C(K)-spaces. We also answer a question of Naor on the extension of Hölder continuous maps.     

Inner and outer approximation of convex sets using alignment

We show that there exists, for each closed bounded convex set C in the Euclidean plane with nonempty interior, a quadrangle Q having the following two properties. Its sides support C at the vertices of a rectangle r and at least three of the vertices of Q lie on the boundary of a rectangle R that is a dilation of r with ratio 2. We will prove that this implies that quadrangle Q is contained in rectangle R and that, consequently, the inner approximation r of C has an area of at least half the area of the outer approximation Q of C. The proof makes use of alignment or Schüttelung, an operation on convex sets.     

On nonregular ideals and <Emphasis Type="Italic">z</Emphasis>°-ideals in <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">X</Emphasis>)

The spaces X in which every prime z°-ideal of C(X) is either minimal or maximal are characterized. By this characterization, it turns out that for a large class of topological spaces X, such as metric spaces, basically disconnected spaces and one-point compactifications of discrete spaces, every prime z°-ideal in C(X) is either minimal or maximal. We will also answer the following questions: When is every nonregular prime ideal in C(X) a z°-ideal? When is every nonregular (prime) z-ideal in C(X) a z°-ideal? For instance, we show that every nonregular prime ideal of C(X) is a z°-ideal if and only if X is a ?-space (a space in which the boundary of any zeroset is contained in a zeroset with empty interior).     

Nonlinear separation concerning <Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>-optimal solution of constrained multi-objective optimization problems

This paper aims at investigating optimality conditions in terms of E-optimal solution for constrained multi-objective optimization problems in a general scheme, where E is an improvement set with respect to a nontrivial closed convex point cone with apex at the origin. In the case where E is not convex, nonlinear vector regular weak separation functions and scalar weak separation functions are introduced respectively to realize the separation between the two sets in the image space, and Lagrangian-type optimality conditions are established. These results extend and improve the convex ones in the literature.     

LIFTING DIFFERENTIABLE CURVES FROM ORBIT SPACES

Let ρ: G → O(V) be a real finite dimensional orthogonal representation of a compact Lie group, let σ = (σ ₁, ?, σn): V → ? ⁿ , where σ ₁, ?, σn n form a minimal system of homogeneous generators of the G-invariant polynomials on V, and set d = max_i deg σ _i . We prove that for each C ^d?1,1-curve c in σ(V) ?? ⁿ there exits a locally Lipschitz lift over σ, i.e., a locally Lipschitz curve \( \overline{c} \) in V so that c = σ ° \( \overline{c} \), and we obtain explicit bounds for the Lipschitz constant of \( \overline{c} \) in terms of c. Moreover, we show that each C ^d -curve in σ(V) admits a C ¹-lift. For finite groups G we deduce a multivariable version and some further results.     

Strongly convex set-valued maps

We introduce the notion of strongly $t$ -convex set-valued maps and present some properties of it. In particular, a Bernstein–Doetsch and Sierpiński-type theorems for strongly midconvex set-valued maps, as well as a Kuhn-type result are obtained. A representation of strongly $t$ -convex set-valued maps in inner product spaces and a characterization of inner product spaces involving this representation is given. Finally, a connection between strongly convex set-valued maps and strongly convex sets is presented.     

Local solvability of the k-Hessian equations

We give a classification of second-order polynomial solutions for the homogeneous k-Hessian equation σ_k[u] = 0. There are only two classes of polynomial solutions: One is convex polynomial; another one must not be(k + 1)-convex, and in the second case, the k-Hessian equations are uniformly elliptic with respect to that solution. Based on this classification, we obtain the existence of C∞local solution for nonhomogeneous term f without sign assumptions.     

On the traces of Sobolev functions on Lipschitz surfaces

Functions from the Sobolev spaces W _p ¹(Q) are considered on a unit cube Q ? R ⁿ , and the properties of their traces on Lipschitz surfaces are examined. The relation is found between the Hölder exponent α and the Hausdorff dimension of the family of poor k-dimensional planes Γ on which the traces do not belong to C ^α(Γ). For the corresponding families of poor k-dimensional Lipschitz surfaces, estimates in terms of p-modules are obtained.