Hydroboration d'amines insaturees—II: Régio et stéréosélectivité de l'hydroboration-alkylation d'amines acétyléniques

The hydroboration reaction of acetylenic amines R¹R²NCH(R³)CCR⁴ was studied. We report the first results of a study of the reactivity of dialkylborane R₂BH towards these amines which allow us to propose a new method for the synthesis of differently substituted β-ethylenic amines. The regioselectivity and the stereoselectivity of this reaction are examined and allow us to set out the possibility of a trans hydroboration.     

Reaction des lithiens avec les organophosphores. Reaction d'addition du t-butyllithium sur le noyau benzenique des sels de phenylphosphoniums

A new reaction of organolithium compounds with phosphonium salts is described; reaction of t-butyllithium with dibenzylaminophosphonium or tetraphenylphosphonium bromides takes place through addition of the t-butyl group on a benzene ring at the position para to the phosphorus atom, the ylid formed reacts in a characteristic Wittig reaction with p-tolylaldehyde.     

Rearrangements des halohydrines en presence de carbonate d'argent sur celite-II: Halohydrines cyclohexaniques substituees

Silver carbonate on Celite reacts with trans-diaxial halohydrins of the cyclohexane series, giving epoxides. cis-Bromohydrins, where the bromine atom is axial, lead to ketones.     

L'extraction des lanthanides et des actinides par les oxydes d'alkylphosphine : L'extraction del'acide nitrique par quelques dioxydes de diphosphine

The distribution of nitric acid between an aqueous phase of constant or variable ionic strength and a benzene solution of diphosphine dioxide can be explained by the following reactions H⁺_a+ NO_3^-a+ DiPO₀ ? D1PO·HNO₃₀ H⁺_a+ NO_3^-a+ DiPO·HNO₃₀ ? DiPO·2 HNO₃₀ At constant ionic strength, the stability constants K₁″ were determined for the complexes 1,1-DiPO·HNO₃ (98 ± 01 (M)^-1), 1,4-DiPO·HNO₃(44±3 (M)_-1) and 1,5-DiPO·HNO₃ (51 ± 1 (M)^-1). The constants K₁₁″ for the complexes 1,1-DiPO·2 HNO₃ and 1,5-DiPO.2 HNO₃ are respectively 035±001 (M)^-1 and 62 ±0.05 (M)^-1 at 25°. With an aqueous phase of variable ionic strength, values of K₁'=54±7 (M)^-2 for 1,5-D1PO.HNO₃ and K_II'=65 ± 04 (M)^-2 for 1,5-DiPO·2 HN0₃ were obtained     

Etude des interferences spectrophotometriques par utilisation d'une matrice d'experiences factorielle

(Use of a factorial design to study interferences in spectrophotometry.) Ozonation of aqueous solutions leads to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid. Hydrogen peroxide is determined spectrophotometrically by the classical method in which TiO·H₂O₂²⁺ is formed, but oxalic acid interferes by forming a complex with titanium. The interference is studied by using a simple factorial design. The results, calculated by linear regression, show the existence of both translational and rotational effects on the absorbance signals.     

Separation radiochimique rapide des ions argent par reduction sur le mercure

A rapid separation .of silver on mercury is proposed in order to utilize shortlived isotopes for the determination of silver by activation. The conditions allowing quantitative reduction of silver were studied; a. kinetic study showed that after 90 sec, 97% of silver could be transferred to the mercury. The spectrometric analysis of ¹¹⁰Ag was also examined. Only metals with a redox potential greater than that of mercury form amalgams, and under the irradiation conditions these metals produce virtually no activity.     

L'extraction des lanthanides et des actinides par les oxydes d'alkylphosphine: Tome 1. l'extraction de l'acide nitrique par l'oxyde de tri-n-butylphosphine

The distribution of TBPO, water and nitric acid has been measured between an aqueous phase and various inert diluents at 25°. This study allowed the determination of the apparent stability constants for two molecular complexes, TBPO . HNO₃ (K₁=17.5±1.3 (M/l)^-2 (benzene); 20.1±0.8 (M/l)^-2 (toluene); II±2(M/l)^-2 (n-hexane) and TBPO . 2HNO₃.H₂O (K₂=(2.9±0.3) 10^-3(M/l)^-2 (benzene)).     

Cis-homo addition-1,4 thiophile d'organomagnesiens avec des composes thiocarbonyles comportant un groupe carbonyle en β: Synthese stereoselective d'alcoylthio-2 et de bis (alcoylthio)-2,2 cyclopropanols

Aliphatic Grignard reagents react stereoselectively with β thioxo carbonyl compounds to give substituted cis 2-alkylthio or 2,2-bis (alkylthio) cyclopropanols with good yields. Two types of non-enethiolisable thiocarbonyl compounds of formulae MeCOC(Me)₂CSR undergo this reaction a thioketone (R = Me) and a number of dithioesters (R = SMe, SEt, S iso Pr). The cis configuration of cyclopropanols has been assigned by ¹H NMR-Eu(fod)₃. The cyclopropane ring closure is a concerted cis-1,4-homo addition.     

La matrice eau de mer et le signal du cuivre en spectrometrie d'adsorption atomique sans flamme : Partie 1: Etude de l'influence des principaux composants

(Copper signals from seawater matrices in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 1: study of the effects of principal inorganic ions.)The effects of the main inorganic ions of seawater (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^?, SO^2?₄), and of nitrate as modifier, on the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric signal of copper are studied. Sodium chloride, sulfate or nitrate, magnesium chloride or nitrate, and calcium chloride can cause serious interferences. Thermal treatment at about 700°C prevents the interference of MgCl₂ by its hydrolysis. Ashing can be done without loss of copper at higher temperatures in the presence of sulfate salts (1300°C) and nitrate salts (1200°C) than in the presence of chloride salts (1100°C). This is ascribed to the stabilising effect of oxides and sulfides. A study of the influence of two-component matrices, MCl-MNO₃ or MCl-MSO₄, on the atomization signal of copper confirms this stabilizing effect which adds to the decrease in interference connected with removal of chloride in acidic medium.     

Condensation du cyanoacetate d'éthyle sodé sur les sels d'iminoethers cycliques synthese directe de dérivés d'oxazepine-1,4 one-7

Sodium ethylcyanoacetate was found to react exclusively at the 2-position of trifluoromethanesulfonate 2-alkyl(aryl) 1,3-oxazolinium salts 2. In most cases, the reaction leads specifically to a new series of 5-alkyl(aryl) 6-cyano 2,3-dihydro 1,4-oxazepine 7-ones 3. This efficient one-step ring-enlargement process occurs at the oxazolidine stage. Structural parameters affecting the scope and limitations of this condensation are discussed.     

Titrage potentiometrique des thiols en milieu organique a l'aide d'une electrode a monocristal de sulfure d'argent: Comparaison avec une electrode argent-sulfure d'argent classique

The responses of the silver sulfide membrane electrode (the so-called sulfideselective membrane electrode) to different primary and aromatic thiols and to hydrogen sulfide have been studied in an ethanol-benzene mixture. They have not been found in good agreement with the Nernst relationship. However, this electrode can readily be used to follow, by potentiometry, the precipitation of thiols and thiol-hydrogen sulfide mixtures with silver ions. The observed potential breaks are similar to those obtained with a conventional silver-silver sulfide electrode. As it needs neither pretreatment nor maintenance, the silver sulfide membrane electrode is therefore suitable for determining hydrogen sulfide and thiols in petroleum products by potentiometric titration.     

Addition nucleophile des anions d'esters α-cyanoacetiques sur les cations succinimidosulfonium: Fragmentation ionique ou radicalaire des′ σ-sulfuranes intermediaires

Reactions of substituted cyanoacetate anions 4 with S,S-dialayklsuccinimidosulfonium salts resulted generally in the formation of N-alkylthiomethylketenimines and α-alkylthiomethylesters. Coupling products were also obtained with anion 4d and only observed in the case of methyl phenylcyanoacetate anion 4b. The results were interpreted by the formation of instable σ-sulfurane intermediates. Homolytic cleavage of these intermediates gave radical pairs, then the coupling products. Heterocyclic clevage gave new sulfonium salts which rearranged via sulfonium ylides.     

Stereochimie de l'action des organomagnesiens et des organolithiens sur les dimethyl-1,2 alcoxy-1 silacyclobutanes

The reaction of organomagnesium organolithium compounds (alkyl, aryl, allyl and benzyl derivatives) with 1,2-dimethyl-1-alkoxy-l-silacyclobutanes proceeds with retention of configuration at the silicon atom. Stereochemical results are discussed in terms of the S_N2Si mechanism. The proposed configurations are supported by ¹H and ¹³C NMR data.     

L'extraction des lanthanides et des actinides par les oxydes d'alkylphosphine : L'extraction de L'acide nitrique par les oxydes de tri-n-hexylphosphine,de tri-cyclohexylphosphine et de tri-n-octylphosphine

The distribution of nitric acid between an aqueous phase and a solution of THPO, TcHPO and TOPO in benzene was measured at 25°. The apparent stability constants K₁' were found to be 17.2±1.0 (M)^-2 for THPO.HNO₃, 7.0±0.8 (M)^-2 for TcHPO.HNO₃ and 15.2 ± I.I (M)^-2 for TOPO.HNO3. The stoichionetry of the last complex was confirmed in n-octane solution at constant ionic strength in the aqueous phase.     

Effets de la nature de substituants sur les constantes d'acidité et les constantes de stabilité des complexes de quelques acides nitroso-5-barbituriques

The effects of substituents on the acidity constants and stability constants of complexes of some 5-nitrosobarbituric acids). The acidity constants of some 5-nitrosobarbituric acids (violuric acids) vary according to the degree of substitution and the nature of the substituent at the 1- and 3-positions of the pyrimidine ring. The value obtained at ionic strength 0.5 mol l^?1 made it possible to calculate the stability constants of simple complexes of divalent cations (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺). Potentiometric titrations were applied.     

Synthese d'oligosaccharides sur polymere support—IV : Reactions sur polymere “popcorn”

The different steps leading to oligosaccharide synthesis on polymeric support have been studied in the case of a functionalized ”popcorn” polystyrene: anchoring of the first glucidic group, unblocking of a selectively protected hydroxyl group, glycosylation and cleavage of the glucide support bond. The first glucidic unit is attached by a benzoic ester bond cleaved by methanolysis (Zemplén's method); β-benzoylpropionic ester was used as temporary protecting group. The synthesis of benzyl - 2 - acetamido - 4,6 - di - O - acetyl - 3 - O - (2 - acetamido - 3,4,6 - tri - O - acetyl - 2 - deoxy - β - D - glucopyranosyl) - 2 - deoxy - α - D - glucopyranoside is described as an example.     

Etude des melanges d'antipodes optiques—XII: Mesure de la stabilite des racemiques vrais

The stability of true racemates is defined by the free energy change ΔG^φ of the process D-crystal + L-crystal → DL-crystal. ΔG^φ, varying in the range 0 to ?2 kcal mol^?1, is roughly proportional to the difference in melting points between racemate and antipodes, T_R^f ? T_A^f. In most of the examples studied, the formation of racemates is exothermic. The study of the variation of ΔG^φ with temperature explains the occurrence of crystalline transitions between racemate and conglomerate. Few racemates can give rise to such transitions, particularly when their enthalpies and entropies of formation, ΔH^φ and ΔS^φ, are both positive.     

Fluorure d'hydrogène liquide: etude du comportement chimique et électrochimique du pérylène: Niveau d'acidité du solvant en milieu basique et tamponné en pH par BF3/BF4−

The dissolution of perylene in liquid HF containing NaF at the concentration 10^?1M leads to the following species: Pn, P⁺ and PnH⁺. In basic medium ([NaF]=1 M) only Pn and P⁺ are present: the radical cation P⁺ is due to the chemical oxidation of perylene by the solvent. The reversible electrochemical oxidation of P⁺ can take place: P⁺-ePn²⁺ and the corresponding normal potential does not depend on the activity of fluoride ions in the solvent. The acidity function R(H) of the solvent has been measured at 0°C in basic medium ([NaF]=1 M) and in slightly acidic media buffered by the couple BF₃/BF₄^?; the corresponding values are R(H)=?13 and R(H)=?19.4.     

Étude quantitative d'équilibres chimiques en solution dans les sels fondus par spectrophotométrie d'absorption: Application au neptunium

The following reactions: NpO₂⁺+4 HCl ? Np⁴⁺ + 2 H₂O + $\text{1}\text{2}$ Cl₂ + 3Cl^- NpO₂⁺+$\text{1}\text{2}$ Cl₂ ? NpO₂²⁺ +Cl^- 2HCl+O^2- ? H₂O +Cl^- have been examined quantitatively. The reactions were studied in fused LiCl-KCl sparged with gas mixtures of definite compositions. The concentrations of the diffrent neptunium species were measured by absorption spectrophotometry. The values of respective equilibrium constants are: K = (9.3±0.4)· 10^-6 atm(^{-$\text{1}\text{2}$}); K₁ = (2.3±0.1)·10^-2 atm(^{-$\text{1}\text{2}$}); k = 10^3.8 1 mol^-1 atm^-1 The standard potential of the system NpO₂²⁺ / NpO₂⁺ was determinedto be E⁰ = 0.220 V (vs.standard chlorine electrode).     

Oxydations par le carbonate d'argent sur celite—VII : Oxydations de diols

The oxidation of several secondary-tertiary α diols by silver carbonate on Celite is described. In the steroid series, a 17α,20α diol leads to the related ketol, whereas its 17α,20β isomer is either not affected by the reagent, or slowly cleaved to give a 17-keto steroid.