共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
L. B. Duan X. R. Zhao J. M. Liu T. Wang G. H. Rao 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,99(3):679-683
Zn1−x
Cr
x
O (0≤x≤0.15) nanoparticles were synthesized by an auto-combustion method and characterized by x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering
techniques. The solubility limit for Cr in ZnO was determined as x≈0.03. Room-temperature ferromagnetism (RT-FM) was observed in lightly Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles with x=0.01 and 0.02. Raman scattering spectra of the lightly Cr-doped and Co-doped ZnO were studied and compared. The enhancement
of both the magnetization and the intensity of Raman scattering peak associated with donor defects (Zni and/or VO) and carriers indicates that light Cr doping in ZnO could be an effective way to achieve pronounced RT-FM and the ferromagnetism
is closely related to the dopant-donor hybridization besides the ferromagnetic Cr–O–Cr superexchange interactions. 相似文献
2.
The microwave-synthesized zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanonorods of average length of ~ 1500 nm and diameter ~ 100 nm were irradiated with 6.5 meV electrons. From sample to sample, the electron fluence was varied over the range 5×1014 to 2.5×1015 e-cm?2. The pre- and post-electron-irradiated ZnO nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–VIS, EDAX, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and BET methods. The results show that after electron irradiation, the ZnO nanorods could retain the hexagonal phase with the wurtzite structure; however, the average length of the ZnO nanorods reduced to ~ 800 nm. Moreover, the oxygen atoms from a fraction of ZnO molecules were dislodged, and the process contributed to the formation of Zn–ZnO mixed phase, with increased zinc to oxygen ratio. In the photo-degradation of Rhodamine-B, a significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of the electron-irradiated ZnO nanorods was observed. This could be attributed to the induced defects, reduced dimensions, and increased surface area of the ZnO nanorods, in addition to the formation of the Zn–ZnO phase. All these could collectively contribute to the effective separation of the photogenerated electrons from the holes on the ZnO nanorods, and therefore enhance the photocatalytic activity under UV exposure. 相似文献
3.
T. Shih M. T. Winkler T. Voss E. Mazur 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,96(2):363-367
Using a broad band dual-angle pump-probe reflectometry technique, we obtained the ultrafast dielectric function dynamics of
bulk ZnO under femtosecond laser excitation. We determined that multiphoton absorption of the 800-nm femtosecond laser excitation
creates a large population of excited carriers with excess energy. Screening of the Coulomb interaction by the excited free
carriers causes damping of the exciton resonance and renormalization of the band gap causing broadband (2.3–3.5 eV) changes
in the dielectric function of ZnO. From the dielectric function, many transient material properties, such as the index of
refraction of ZnO under excitation, can be determined to optimize ZnO-based devices. 相似文献
4.
Lingling Ran Zhongyi Guo Shiliang Qu 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,100(2):517-521
Self-organized periodic surface structures on ZnO have been observed after multiple linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse
irradiation. The observed self-organized structures are attributed to the second harmonics in the sample surface excited by
the incident laser. The grating orientation could be adjusted by the laser polarization direction. We also find that fluences
play an important role in the formation of self-organized nanostructures. 相似文献
5.
M. C. Kao H. Z. Chen S. L. Young 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,98(3):595-599
The preferred (002) orientation zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystalline thin films have been deposited on FTO-coated glass substrates
by sol–gel spin-coating technology and rapid thermal annealing for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The effects of
preannealing temperature (100 and 300°C) on the microstructure, morphology and optical properties of ZnO thin films were studied.
The ZnO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) analysis. The photoelectric performance of DSSC was studied by I–V curve and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), respectively. From the results, the intensities of
(002) peaks of ZnO thin films increases with increasing preannealing temperature from 100°C to 300°C. The increase in pore
size and surface area of ZnO films crystallized at the increased preannealing temperature contributed to the improvement on
the absorption of N3 dye onto the films, the short-circuit photocurrent (J
sc) and open-circuit voltage (V
oc) of DSSC. The higher efficiency (η) of 2.5% with J
sc and V
oc of 8.2 mA/cm2 and 0.64 V, respectively, was obtained by the ZnO film preannealed at 300°C. 相似文献
6.
H. Q. Le S. K. Lim G. K. L. Goh S. J. Chua N. S. S. Ang W. Liu 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2010,100(4):705-710
We report white light emission from a Ga-doped ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diode which was fabricated by growing
gallium-doped ZnO film on the p-GaN in water at 90°C. As determined from Ga-doped ZnO films grown on (111) oriented MgAl2O4 spinel single crystal substrates, thermal treatment at 600°C in nitrogen ambient leads to a carrier concentration of 3.1×1020 cm−3 (and carrier mobility of 28 cm2/Vs) which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the undoped films. Electroluminescence emissions at wavelengths
of 393 nm (3.155 eV) and 529.5 nm (2.4 eV) were observed under forward bias in the heterojunction diode and white light could
be visibly observed. The high concentration of electrons supplied from the Ga-doped ZnO films helped to enhance the carrier
recombination and increase the light-emitting efficiency of the heterojunction diode. 相似文献
7.
Ali Akbar Ashkarran Azam Iraji?zad Seyed Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Mahdi Ahadian 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,100(4):1097-1102
ZnO nanostructures were synthesized through arc discharge of zinc electrodes in deionized (DI) water. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis of the prepared nanostructures indicates formation of crystalline ZnO of hexagonal lattice structures. Transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrate rod-like as well as semi spherical ZnO nanoparticles with 15–20 nm diameter range,
which were formed during the discharge process with 5 A arc current. The average particle size was found to increase with
the increasing arc current. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms formation of ZnO at the surface of the
nanoparticles. Surface area of the sample prepared at 5 A arc current, measured by BET analysis, was 34 m2/g. Photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh. B) shows that the prepared samples at lower currents have a higher photocatalytic
activity due to larger surface area and smaller particle size. 相似文献
8.
Shu-Yi Liu Tao Chen Jing Wan Guo-Ping Ru Bing-Zong Li Xin-Ping Qu 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,94(4):775-780
Oriented ZnO nanorods were grown on ion-beam-sputtered ZnO seed layers through a hydrothermal approach without any metal catalyst.
The sputtered ZnO seed layers were pre-annealed at different temperatures before the growth of ZnO nanorods. The effects of
pre-annealing of the ZnO seed layers on the growth rate, crystallinity and optical properties of ZnO nanorods thereon were
studied. The obtained ZnO nanorods had a wurtzite structure and grew along the preferential [0001] orientation with a normal
direction to the substrates. Results show that the growth rate and density of the ZnO nanorods strongly depend on the pre-treatment
conditions of the ZnO seed layer. With higher pre-treatment temperature, the crystallinity and surface characteristics of
the ZnO seed layer were improved and thereafter the growth rate of ZnO nanorods thereon increased. Photoluminescence spectroscopy
results show that the UV emission also becomes stronger and sharper with increasing annealing temperature of the ZnO seed
layer. 相似文献
9.
ZnO–CuO core–shell nanorods and CuO-nanoparticle–ZnO-nanorod integrated structures were synthesized for the first time by
a two-stage solution process. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that
the diameter and the length of the nanorods are around 60 and 800 nm, respectively. The morphologies of outer CuO could be
varied from nanoparticles to nanoshells by adjusting the solvent and dipping processes of copper (II) nitrate solution. The
CuO nanoparticles are single-crystalline or highly textured structures with size of around 30 nm. The CuO shell with thickness
of around 10 nm is constructed of nanocrystals with sizes in the range of 3–10 nm embedded in an amorphous matrix. Room-temperature
cathodoluminescence measurements of the CuO–ZnO nanocomposites exhibit relatively sharp ultraviolet emissions at 380 nm as
well as broad green and yellow emissions at 500 and 585 nm. The p-CuO/n-ZnO one-dimensional nanocomposites are promising for
optoelectronic nanodevice applications. 相似文献
10.
M. A. Majeed?Khan M. Wasi?Khan Mansour Alhoshan M. S. AlSalhi A. S. Aldwayyan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,100(1):45-51
Pure and Co-doped ZnO nanostructured samples have been synthesized by a chemical route. We have studied the structural and
optical properties of the samples by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), field-emission
transmission electron microscope (FETEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The XRD patterns
show that all the samples are hexagonal wurtzite structures. Changes in crystallite size due to mechanical activation were
also determined from X-ray measurements. These results were correlated with changes in particle size followed by SEM and TEM.
The average crystallite sizes obtained from XRD were between 20 to 25 nm. The TEM images showed the average particle size
of undoped ZnO nanostructure was about 20 nm whereas the smallest average grain size at 3% Co was about 15 nm. Optical parameters
such as absorption coefficient (α), energy band gap (E
g
), the refractive index (n), and dielectric constants (σ) have been determined using different methods. 相似文献
11.
Sukanta Dutta Ashok Goyal Mamta 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2009,63(2):305-315
We study the one-loop new physics effects to the CP even triple neutral gauge boson vertices γ
⋆
γ
Z, γ
⋆
Z
Z, Z
⋆
Z
γ and Z
⋆
ZZ in the context of Little Higgs models. We compute the contribution of the additional fermions in Little Higgs models in the
framework of direct product groups where [SU(2)×U(1)]2 gauge symmetry is embedded in SU(5) global symmetry and also in the framework of the simple group where SU(N)×U(1) gauge symmetry breaks down to SU(2)
L
×U(1). We calculate the contribution of the fermions to these couplings when T parity is invoked. In addition, we re-examine the MSSM contribution at the chosen point of SPS1a′ and compare with the SM
and Little Higgs models. 相似文献
12.
M. Miyabe M. Oba H. Iimura K. Akaoka Y. Maruyama I. Wakaida 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,101(1):65-70
A cerium oxide sample was ablated by 2nd harmonic radiation of Nd:YAG laser at a power density of 0.1 GW/cm2. Time evolution of the ablation plume was investigated by laser absorption time-of-flight (TOF) measurement. It was found
that the ablated ionic plume in vacuum consisted of two components having different velocities whereas the ablated neutral
atoms had mainly a single component. The flow velocity perpendicular to the sample surface in vacuum was determined to be
3.5 km/s for neutral atoms, and 4.7 km/s and 9.3 km/s for singly charged ions. From the detailed plume evolution in ambient
atmosphere with several pressures we obtained some experimental conditions suitable for isotope analysis of atomic cerium. 相似文献
13.
Paul Sorensen 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2009,61(4):829-833
Recent data from heavy ion collisions at RHIC show strong near-side correlations extending over several units of rapidity.
This ridge-like correlation exhibits an abrupt onset with collision centrality. In this talk, I argue that the centrality
and beam-energy dependence of these near-angle correlations could provide access to information about the Quark Gluon Plasma
phase boundary and the Equation of State of nuclear matter. A beam-energy-scan at RHIC will better reveal the true source
of these correlations and should be a high priority at RHIC. 相似文献
14.
Long Zhao Yuxiang Chen Yuanming Liu Guofu Zhang Juncong She Shaozhi Deng Ningsheng Xu Jun Chen 《Current Applied Physics》2017,17(1):85-91
Addressable field emitter arrays (FEAs) have important applications in vacuum electronic devices. However, it is important to integrate nanowire emitters into a gated structure without influencing the device structure and maintain the excellent field emission properties of nanowire emitters in the FEAs after the fabrication process. In this study, gate-structure ZnO nanowire FEAs were fabricated by a microfabrication process. The structure combines a planar gate and an under-gate, which is compatible with the preparation of ZnO nanowire emitters. The effect of electrode materials on the field emission properties of ZnO nanowires was studied using a diode structure, and it was found that ZnO nanowire pads on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode showed better field emission performance compared with chromium (Cr) electrode. In addition, effective emission current modulation by the gate voltage was achieved and the addressing capability was demonstrated by integrating the ZnO nanowire FEAs in a vacuum-encapsulated field emission display. The reported technique could be a promising route to achieve large area addressable FEAs. 相似文献
15.
A. Bolshakova I. Boyko G. Chelkov D. Dedovitch A. Elagin M. Gostkin S. Grishin A. Guskov Z. Kroumchtein Yu. Nefedov K. Nikolaev A. Zhemchugov F. Dydak J. Wotschack A. De Min V. Ammosov V. Gapienko V. Koreshev A. Semak Yu. Sviridov E. Usenko V. Zaets 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2009,62(4):697-754
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons and charged pions, in the
interactions with a 5% λ
abs thick stationary beryllium target, of proton and pion beams with momentum from ±3 GeV/c to ±15 GeV/c. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles 20° <θ<125°. 相似文献
16.
C. H. Jia Y. H. Chen X. L. Zhou A. L. Yang G. L. Zheng X. L. Liu S. Y. Yang Z. G. Wang 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,99(2):511-514
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to measure the valence band offset of the ZnO/BaTiO3 heterojunction grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The valence band offset (VBO) is determined to be 0.48±0.09 eV,
and the conduction band offset (CBO) is deduced to be about 0.75 eV using the band gap of 3.1 eV for bulk BaTiO3. It indicates that a type-II band alignment forms at the interface, in which the valence and conduction bands of ZnO are
concomitantly higher than those of BaTiO3. The accurate determination of VBO and CBO is important for use of semiconductor/ferroelectric heterojunction multifunctional
devices. 相似文献
17.
T. Yoshida T. Tachibana T. Maemoto S. Sasa M. Inoue 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,101(4):685-688
We report characterization of ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrates fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD).
ZnO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy and Hall effect measurements. The XRD results
showed high c-axis-oriented ZnO(0002) diffraction corresponding to the wurtzite phase. Moreover, the crystallization and the electrical
properties of ZnO thin films grown at room temperature are controllable by PLD growth conditions such as oxygen gas pressure.
The ZnO films are very smooth, with a root-mean-square roughness of 1 nm. From the Hall effect measurements, we have succeeded
in fabricating ZnO films on glass substrates with an electron mobility of 21.7 cm2/V s. By using the ZnO thin film grown by two-step PLD and a HfO2 high-k gate insulator, a transconductance of 24.1 mS/mm, a drain current on/off ratio of 4.4×106 and a subthreshold gate swing of 0.26 V/decade were obtained for the ZnO TFT. 相似文献
18.
D. Nodop J. Rothhardt S. H?drich J. Limpert A. Tünnermann 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2009,94(3):399-401
We present a Q-switched microchip laser emitting 1064-nm pulses as short as 100 ps synchronized to a cavity dumped femtosecond
laser emitting 800-nm pulses as short as 80 fs. The synchronization is achieved by presaturating the saturable absorber of
the microchip laser with femtosecond pulses even though both lasers emit at widely separated wavelengths. The mean timing
jitter is 40 ps and thus considerably shorter than the pulse duration of the microchip laser. 相似文献
19.
M. Hauer V. V. Begun M. I. Gorenstein 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2008,58(1):83-110
The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technique for the calculation of observables, in particular multiplicity distributions,
in various statistical ensembles at finite volume. The method is based on Fourier analysis of the grand canonical partition
function. A Taylor expansion of the generating function is used to separate contributions to the partition function in their
power in volume. We employ Laplace’s asymptotic expansion to show that any equilibrium distribution of multiplicity, charge,
energy, etc. tends to a multivariate normal distribution in the thermodynamic limit. A Gram–Charlier expansion additionally
allows for the calculation of finite volume corrections. Analytical formulas are presented for the inclusion of resonance
decay and finite acceptance effects directly into the partition function of the system. This paper consolidates and extends
previously published results of the current investigation into the properties of statistical ensembles. 相似文献
20.
André Mischke 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2009,61(4):807-809
We report measurements of the azimuthal angular correlation distribution of heavy-quark decay electrons and open charmed mesons
in pp collisions at
GeV in the STAR experiment at RHIC. This measurement in combination with current theoretical model calculations allows to
extract the relative bottom contribution to the heavy-quark decay electrons, which is important for the interpretation of
the observed strong suppression of the high-p
T electron yield in central Au+Au collisions. 相似文献