Resurgent aspects of applied exponential asymptotics

In many physical problems, it is important to capture exponentially small effects that lie beyond-all-orders of an algebraic asymptotic expansion; when collected, the full asymptotic expansion is known as a trans-series. Applied exponential asymptotics has been enormously successful in developing practical tools for studying the leading exponentials of a trans-series expansion, typically for singularly perturbed nonlinear differential or integral equations. Separately to applied exponential asymptotics, there exists a related line of research known as Écalle's theory of resurgence, which, via Borel resummation, describes the connection between trans-series and a certain class of holomorphic functions known as resurgent functions. Most applications and examples of Écalle's resurgence theory focus mainly on nonparametric asymptotic expansions (i.e., differential equations without a parameter). The relationships between these latter areas with applied exponential asymptotics have not been thoroughly examined—largely due to differences in language and emphasis. In this work, we establish these connections as an alternative framework to the factorial-over-power ansatz procedure in applied exponential asymptotics and clarify a number of aspects of applied exponential asymptotic methodology, including Van Dyke's rule and the universality of factorial-over-power ansatzes. We provide a number of useful tools for probing more pathological problems in exponential asymptotics and establish a framework for future applications to nonlinear and multidimensional problems in the physical sciences.     

On a class of third-order nonlinear difference equations

This paper studies the boundedness character of the positive solutions of the difference equation

     

Asymptotics of families of solutions of nonlinear difference equations

One method to determine the asymptotics of particular solutions of a difference equation is by solving an associated asymptotic functional equation. Here we study the behaviour of the solutions in an asymptotic neighbourhood of such individual solutions. We identify several types of attraction and repulsion, which range from almost orthogonality to almost parallelness. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these types of behaviour are given.     

Approximate solutions for a class of first order nonlinear difference equations

In this paper, a measure-theoretical approach to find the approximate solutions for a class of first order nonlinear difference equations is introduced. In this method the problem is transformed to an equivalent optimization problem. Then, by considering it as a calculus of variations problem, some concepts in measure theory are used to approximate the solution. The procedure of constructing approximate solution in form of an algorithm is shown. Finally a numerical example is given.     

Movable Singularities of Solutions of Difference Equations in Relation to Solvability and a Study of a Superstable Fixed Point

We review applications of exponential asymptotics and analyzable function theory to difference equations in defining an analogue of the Painlevé property for them, and we sketch the conclusions about the solvability properties of first-order autonomous difference equations. If the Painlevé property is present, the equations are explicitly solvable; otherwise, under additional assumptions, the integrals of motion develop singularity barriers. We apply the method to the logistic map x _n+1=ax _n (1–x _n ), where we find that the only cases with the Painlevé property are a=–2,0,2, and 4, for which explicit solutions indeed exist; otherwise, an associated conjugation map develops singularity barriers.     

A class of difference ABS-type algorithms for a nonlinear system of equations

In this paper we give a class of algorithms for solving nonlinear algebraic equations using difference approximations of derivatives. The class is a modification of the original ABS class with the advantage of requiring less function evaluations. Special cases include the methods of Brown and Brent and the discretized Newton method, which is formulated in a way requiring fewer function evaluations per iteration.     

Liouville-Green asymptotic approximation for a class of matrix differential equations and semi-discretized partial differential equations

A Liouville-Green (or WKB) asymptotic approximation theory is developed for the class of linear second-order matrix differential equations Y^″=[f(t)A+G(t)]Y on [a,+∞), where A and G(t) are matrices and f(t) is scalar. This includes the case of an “asymptotically constant” (not necessarily diagonalizable) coefficient A (when f(t)≡1). An explicit representation for a basis of the right-module of solutions is given, and precise computable bounds for the error terms are provided. The double asymptotic nature with respect to both t and some parameter entering the matrix coefficient is also shown. Several examples, some concerning semi-discretized wave and convection-diffusion equations, are given.     

The asymptotic behavior of a class of nonlinear delay difference equations

The asymptotic behavior of difference equations of type 0, \end{equation*}">is studied, where and each are continuous real functions with decreasing and increasing. Results include sufficient conditions for permanence, oscillations and global attractivity.

     

Oscillation of a class of nonlinear neutral difference equations of higher order

Sufficient conditions are obtained under which all solutions of

(∗)     

A linearized compact difference scheme for a class of nonlinear delay partial differential equations

A linearized compact difference scheme is presented for a class of nonlinear delay partial differential equations with initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions. The unique solvability, unconditional convergence and stability of the scheme are proved. The convergence order is O(τ²+h⁴)$O({\tau }^2+h^4)$ in _L∞$L_{\infty }$ norm. Finally, a numerical example is given to support the theoretical results.     

求解非线性时滞脉冲双曲微分方程的隐式差分格式

构造了一类求解非线性时滞脉冲双曲型偏微分方程的隐式差分格式.在一定条件下,获得了该差分格式的唯一可解性、收敛性和无条件稳定性,且空间和时间均二阶精度.最后,数值实验表明了所得格式的精度和有效性.     

Bounded solutions of one class of nonlinear operator difference equations

Sufficient conditions for existence of bounded solutions of operator difference equations with quadratic nonlinearity are given.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 890–896, July, 1995.     

Large fluctuations and growth rates of linear Volterra summation equations

This paper concerns the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of a linear convolution Volterra summation equation with an unbounded forcing term. In particular, we suppose the kernel is summable and ascribe growth bounds to the exogenous perturbation. If the forcing term grows at a geometric rate asymptotically, or is bounded by a geometric sequence, then the solution (appropriately scaled) omits a convenient asymptotic representation. Moreover, this representation is used to show that additional growth properties of the perturbation are preserved in the solution. If the forcing term fluctuates asymptotically, we prove that fluctuations of the same magnitude will be present in the solution and we also connect the finiteness of time averages of the solution with those of the perturbation. Our results, and corollaries thereof, apply to stochastic as well as deterministic equations, and we demonstrate this by studying some representative classes of examples.     

一类非线性中立型差分方程的振动性

本首先建立下列两类差分方程△（ｘｎ－ｒｎｒｎ－ｒｘｎ＋ｒ）＾ａ＋ｑｎｆ（ｎ－σ）＝０（＊）和△（ｒｎ△ｙ）＾ｎ＋τ＾－ａｑｎｆ（ｒｎ－σｙｎ）＝０（＊＊）振动性的等价性,然后给出方程（＊）振动性的一些判则。     

Some results on difference Riccati equations

Some properties of solutions for the difference Riccati equations are obtained. The existence and forms of rational solutions, and the Borel exceptional value, zeros, poles and fixed points of transcendental solutions are researched.