合成水杨酸-交联聚苯乙烯螯合树脂的新途径

采用氯甲基化试剂1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷对交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球实施了氯甲基化反应,然后使5-氨基水杨酸(ASA)与氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯微球表面的苄氯基团发生亲核取代反应,制得了氨基水杨酸-交联聚苯乙烯(ASA-CPS)螯合树脂.考察了主要反应条件对取代反应的影响,初步试验了ASA-CPS对金属离子的螯合性能.结果表明:ASA-CPS对Fe(Ⅲ)离子具有很强的螯合能力,吸附容量达3.77 mmol/g.     

氯甲交联基聚苯乙烯微球的氨甲基化改性及其席夫碱型螯合树脂微球的制备

以氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球为出发物质,首先在催化剂KI存在下,与六次甲基四胺(HMTA)进行Delepine反应,制得氨基化改性的聚苯乙烯微球AMCPS;然后再使微球AMCPS与水杨醛(SA)发生Schiff碱反应,制备了Schiff碱型螯合树脂SACPS微球,采用红外光谱法表征了其化学结构。 重点研究了CMCPS微球氨基化改性Delepine反应的影响因素,探讨了反应机理。 研究结果表明,催化剂KI对CMCPS微球表面的苄氯基团与HMTA之间的Delepine反应,具有很强的催化作用;使用极性较强的溶剂DMSO及在较高的温度(80 ℃)下反应,氯甲基转变为氨甲基的效率高;Schiff碱型螯合树脂SACPS对Cu2+离子具有良好的螯合能力。     

在醛基化交联聚苯乙烯微球表面同步合成与固载卟啉及固载化金属卟啉的高效催化氧化性能

采用Kornblum氧化反应, 先将氯甲基交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)的氯甲基氧化为醛基, 制得醛基(AL)化改性微球ALCPS, 然后使改性微球ALCPS与溶液中的苯甲醛(或取代的苯甲醛)、吡咯之间发生固-液相之间的Adler反应, 成功地实现了卟啉在交联聚苯乙烯微球表面的同步合成与固载, 制得了固载有苯基卟啉(PP) 、对氯苯基卟啉(CPP)、对硝基苯基卟啉(NPP)的功能微球, 最后使功能微球与钴盐发生配合反应, 制备了固载有三种钴卟啉的固体催化剂. 研究重点有两方面: (1)考察主要因素对卟啉同步合成与固载过程的影响|(2)考察固载化钴卟啉在催化分子氧氧化环己烷羟基化过程中的催化特性. 实验结果表明, 以醛基化改性微球ALCPS与溶液中的吡咯及小分子苯甲醛(或取代的苯甲醛)为共反应物, 通过固-液之间的Adler反应, 可以顺利地实现卟啉在微球ALCPS表面的同步合成与固载, 这是制备固载化卟啉的新途径|苯甲醛的取代基结构、催化剂的酸性与溶剂的性质对卟啉的同步合成与固载都有较大的影响|所制备的固体催化剂对分子氧氧化环己烷羟基化的反应, 具有很高的催化活性(环己烷最高转化率约为40%)与选择性(环己醇的选择性在90%以上), 这是由固体催化剂特殊的化学结构所决定的.     

在CPS微球表面固载氨基酚型双齿席夫碱氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物及其催化氧化性能

使乙醛酸(GA)与氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球发生酯化反应,将醛基(AG)引入交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球表面,得到改性微球CPS-AG;再以间氨基苯酚(MAP)为试剂,使微球CPS-AG表面的AG发生席夫碱反应,制得了表面键合有氨基酚型双齿席夫碱配基的功能微球CPS-AGAP;最后,使微球CPS-AGAP与硫酸氧钒发生配位螯合反应,获得了表面固载有氨基酚型双齿席夫碱氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物的固体催化剂微球CPS-[VO(AGAP)2]。重点考察了主要因素对GA与CMCPS微球的酯化反应的影响。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、固体紫外(UV)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂微球进行了充分表征。分别将微球CPS-[VO(AGAP)2]用于环己醇和乙苯的分子氧氧化过程,考察其催化活性。实验结果表明,溶剂的极性有利于GA与CMCPS微球之间的酯化反应,极性较强的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为适宜的反应溶剂,90℃为适宜的反应温度。在适宜的反应条件下,CMCPS微球的氯甲基转化率可以达到82%。在分子氧氧化环己醇和乙苯的过程中,非均相催化剂CPS-[VO(AGAP)2]微球均表现出良好的催化活性。     

交联聚苯乙烯微球的醛基化改性及卟啉的固载化

以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为氧化剂,然后采用Kornblum氧化法,将氯甲基化的交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球表面的氯甲基氧化成醛基,制备了醛基化改性的交联聚苯乙烯(AL-CPS)微球,研究了主要反应条件对改性反应的影响规律。结果表明,在使用催化剂KI及缚酸剂NaHCO3并在110℃下,溶胀在DMSO中的CMCPS微球能被有效地转化为表面带有醛基的改性微球AL-CPS,成为同步合成与固载卟啉的前驱体。随后,以微球AL-CPS、溶液中的苯甲醛及吡咯为共反应物,通过固-液界面上的Alder反应,实现了四苯基卟啉(TPP)在交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球表面的同步合成与固载,制得了固载有卟啉的微球TPP-CPS。     

阳离子苯基卟啉在交联聚苯乙烯微球表面的同步合成与固载及其主-客体相互作用初探

以对羟基苯甲醛(HBA)与氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球表面的氯甲基发生取代反应,将醛基苯基键合在CPS微球表面,形成改性了的BA-CPS微球,然后以其与溶液中的对二甲氨基苯甲醛及吡咯在固-液界面上进行Adler反应,实现了含叔胺基苯基卟啉(TAPP)在交联微球CPS表面的同步合成与固载,再使叔胺基团发生季铵化反应,将TAPP转变为meso-三(p-三甲铵基)苯基卟啉(TMAPP),得到了固载有TMAPP的TMAPP-CPS微球。重点考察了主要因素对TAPP在微球表面的同步合成与固载的影响,并分别以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与溶菌酶为模型蛋白质,探索了固载化TMAPP与生物大分子形成主-客体作用体系的特性。结果表明,通过固-液相之间的Alder反应及随后的季铵化反应,可以顺利地把TMAPP固载在CPS微球表面且其可与蛋白质分子之间产生强烈的主-客体相互作用。     

水杨酸型螯合树脂对Fe(III)离子的螯合吸附行为

以5-氨基水杨酸(ASA)为胺化试剂, 使氯甲基化的交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球表面的苄氯基团发生亲核取代反应, 制得了水杨酸型螯合树脂ASA-CPS. 研究了该螯合树脂对金属离子的螯合吸附行为, 探讨了其吸附热力学与吸附机理, 考察了介质pH值对树脂螯合吸附性能的影响以及树脂对不同金属离子的螯合吸附能力. 实验结果表明, 水杨酸型螯合树脂ASA-CPS 对重金属离子具有强螯合吸附性能, 尤其对Fe3+离子表现出很强的螯合吸附能力, 常温下吸附容量可达21 g/100 g. 吸附过程属熵驱动的化学吸附过程, 升高温度, 吸附容量增高; 在可抑制金属离子水解的pH范围内, 介质的pH值越高, 螯合吸附能力越强; 对于性质不同的金属离子, ASA-CPS的吸附性能是有差别的, 吸附容量的顺序为Fe3+>Ni2+>Cu2+>Zn2+.     

水杨酸型螯合树脂对Fe（Ⅲ）离子的螯合吸附行为

以5-氨基水杨酸(ASA)为胺化试剂,使氯甲基化的交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球表面的苄氯基团发生亲核取代反应,制得了水杨酸型螯合树脂ASA-CPS.研究了该螯合树脂对金属离子的螯合吸附行为,探讨了其吸附热力学与吸附机理,考察了介质pH值对树脂螯合吸附性能的影响以及树脂对不同金属离子的螯合吸附能力.实验结果表明,水杨酸型螯合树脂ASA-CPS对重金属离子具有强螫合吸附性能,尤其对Fe3+子表现出很强的螯合吸附能力,常温下吸附容量可达21 g/100 g.吸附过程属熵驱动的化学吸附过程,升高温度,吸附容量增高;在可抑制金属离子水解的pH范围内,介质的pH值越高,螯合吸附能力越强;对于性质不同的金属离子,ASA-CPS的吸附性能是有差别的,吸附容量的顺序为Fe3+>Ni2+>Cu2+>Zn>3+     

相转移催化法制备侧链带有醛基的聚苯乙烯交联微球

首先使氯甲基聚苯乙烯交联微球（CCMPSt）在有机相中充分溶服,然后通过相转移催化剂（季铵盐）的作用,将水相中对羟基苯甲醛所产生的负氧离子转移至有机相,使之与CCMPSt微球表面的苄氯基团发生亲核取代反应,从而将CCMPSt微球转变为侧链带有醛基的聚苯乙烯交联微球（Aldehyde—CPSt）．本研究重点考察了各种因素对液-液-固三相体系中相转移催化过程及取代反应的影响规律,较深入地探讨了反应机理．研究结果表明,通过相转移催化剂的作用,可将亲核取代试剂对羟基苯甲醛负氧离子不断地从水相转移至有机相,在有机相与交联微球CCMPSt的界面发生取代反应,从而将CCMPSt微球顺利地转变为功能微球Aldehyde—CPSt．有机溶剂的极性越强,对CCMPSt微球的溶服性能越好,取代反应速率越快;相转移催化剂季铵离子上的碳链对称性越好及碳链越长,相转移催化的效果越好;有机相与水相的比例对相转移催化效果也有较大的影响．     

侧链键合双齿席夫碱配基的聚苯乙烯的制备与表征及其Eu(Ⅲ)配合物荧光发射性能之初探

以1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷为氯甲基化试剂,制备了氯甲基化聚苯乙烯(CMPS),使CMPS的氯甲基与对羟基苯甲醛(HBA)发生亲核取代反应,将苯甲醛(BA)键合在聚苯乙烯侧链,制得改性聚苯乙烯PS-BA;使PS-BA的醛基与3-氨基吡啶(AP)的伯氨基发生席夫碱反应,在聚苯乙烯侧链合成与键合了双齿席夫碱(SB)配基,制得了侧链键合有双齿席夫碱配基的功能化聚苯乙烯PS-SB。 采用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。 以大分子PS-SB为第一配体,以邻菲罗啉(Phen)为第二配体,与Eu(Ⅲ)离子配位,分别制得了二元和三元高分子-稀土配合物PS-(SB)₃-Eu(Ⅲ)和PS-(SB)₃-Eu(Ⅲ)-(Phen),初步探索了配合物的荧光发射性能。 实验结果表明,对于CMPS与HBA之间的亲核取代反应,使用极性较强的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂比较适宜,80 ℃为适宜的反应温度。 大分子配体PS-SB对Eu(Ⅲ)离子的荧光发射可产生明显的敏化作用,二元和三元高分子-稀土配合物均发射出较强的Eu(Ⅲ)离子的特征荧光。     

Realizing porphyrin‐functionalization of crosslinked polystyrene microspheres via two special polymer reactions

A novel route to make crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres to be porphyrin‐functionalized via two special polymer reactions, Kornblum reaction and Adler reaction, was designed and founded. The chloromethyl groups of chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene (CMCPS) microspheres were first oxidized to aldehyde groups by dimethyl sulfoxide as oxidant via Kornblum oxidation reaction, obtaining aldehyde group‐modified microspheres, ALCPS microspheres, in which, a great quantity of benzaldehyde groups suspend from the main chain, and the effects of the main factors including the reaction temperature, the addition of KI as catalyst and the used amount of NaHCO₃ as acid acceptor on the oxidation reaction were examined. Subsequently, the synchronic synthesizing and immobilizing of porphyrins on CPS microspheres were carried out via the Adler reaction between solid and liquid phases, in which, ALCPS microspheres, pyrrole and benzaldehyde or benzaldehyde analog in a solution were used as co‐reactants, resulting in porphyrin‐functionalized microspheres, and the influence of diverse factors including the acidity of the protonic acid catalyst, the substituent structure of benzaldehyde analog, and the polarity of the solvent as well as the swelling property of the solvent for CPS microspheres on the process of synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing porphyrins on CPS microspheres were investigated in depth. The experimental results indicate that via the designed route, the porphyrin‐functionalization of CPS microspheres can successfully be realized. For the Kornblum oxidation reaction, under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of chloromethyl groups can reach 90%. For the Adler reaction between solid and liquid phases, the fitting protonic acid catalyst is lactic acid, appropriate solvent is a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and xylene, and using 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde as a benzaldehyde analog reactant in the solution is in favor of the porphyrin‐functionalization of CPS microspheres. Under these specific conditions, the immobilized amount of porphyrin can get up to 23.33 mmol/100 g. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯微球表面合成与固载手性金属-Salen配合物及其表征

氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球的氯甲基与苯甲醛衍生物2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(HMBA)发生傅克烷基化反应,形成改性微球HMBA-CPS;微球HMBA-CPS与环己二胺发生席夫碱反应,形成键合Salen配基的微球Salen-CPS;最后,使之与锰盐发生配位螯合反应,制得了固载有手性Mn(Ⅲ)-Salen配合物的固体催化剂Mn(Ⅲ)Salen-CPS,分别采用红外光谱、紫外/可见吸收光谱及扫描电子显微镜对固体催化剂的结构与形貌进行了表征和观察。 研究了微球CMCPS与HMBA之间傅克烷基化反应的规律。 结果表明,以AlCl3为Lewis酸催化剂,使用二氯甲烷与硝基苯混合溶剂,可有效地实施CMCPS与HMBA的傅克烷基化反应,制得固体催化剂Mn(Ⅲ)Salen-CPS。 在V(CH2Cl2)∶V(NB)=10∶1的混合溶剂中,40 ℃下反应10 h,可制得氯甲基转化率近于51%的改性微球HMBA-CPS。 该制备途径具有简便、高效与快捷的特点。     

Effect of ligand structure of Schiff base oxovanadium(IV) complexes on their catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation of alcohols

Two kinds of immobilized bidentate Schiff base oxovanadium(IV) complexes are prepared via polymer reactions and coordination reactions with chloromethylated cross-linked polystyrene (CMCPS) microspheres as matrix. Benzaldehyde (BA)-functionalized CPS microspheres, BA-CPS microspheres, were prepared through nucleophilic substitution with CMCPS microsphere as precursor and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde as reagent, and then Schiff base reactions were carried out with 3-aminopyridine (AP) and glycine (GL) as reagents, respectively, obtaining two kinds of bidentate Schiff base ligand-bonded microspheres, BAAP-CPS microspheres and BAGL-CPS microspheres. Finally, through coordination reactions with vanadyl sulfate (VOSO₄) as reagent, the two kinds of immobilized bidentate Schiff base oxovanadium(IV) complex microspheres, CPS-[VO(BAAP)₂] and CPS-[VO(BAGL)₂], were obtained. The two immobilized complexes, VO(BAAP)₂ and VO(BAGL)₂, are N,N- and N,O-type bidentate Schiff base oxovanadium(IV) complexes and their ligands have different chemical structures. The two catalyst microspheres were used in oxidation of cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen as oxidant and their catalytic activities are compared. The experimental results show that both solid catalysts can catalyze the transformation reactions of cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol to their corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild conditions. However, CPS-[VO(BAAP)₂] microspheres have much higher catalytic activity and better stability than CPS-[VO(BAGL)₂] microspheres. For the immobilized bidentate Schiff base oxovanadium(IV) catalysts, the catalytic property is closely related to the chemical structures of the ligands, and for this, a theoretical explanation is given.     

交联聚苯乙烯微球的表面化学改性及吡啶基卟啉的固载化

以无致癌毒性的1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷为氯甲基化试剂,先将交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球氯甲基化,制得氯甲基化微球CMCPS。 然后使微球CMCPS与4-吡啶甲醛进行季铵化反应,将4-吡啶甲醛键合到CPS微球表面,制得键合吡啶甲醛(PyAL)的改性微球PyAL-CPS。 考察了主要反应条件对季铵化反应的影响,最终确定季铵化反应的优化条件:溶剂CCl4,反应温度60 ℃,最后使改性微球PyAL-CPS、4-吡啶甲醛及吡咯在固-液界面上进行Adler反应,形成固载吡啶基卟啉(PyP)的微球PyP-CPS。 用IR和UV-Vis以及Zn2+配合物生成法表征了微球PyP-CPS的形成及负载量。     

二苯并-18-冠-6在交联聚乙烯醇微球表面的固载化

通过氯甲基化反应,将冠醚二苯并-18-冠-6(DBC)转变为氯甲基化的冠醚(CMDBC),使交联聚乙烯醇(CPVA)微球表面的羟基与CMDBC之间发生亲核取代反应,从而实现冠醚的固栽化,制得了固载有冠醚的功能微球DBC-CPVA.在建立了冠醚DBC固载量测定方法(溴百里香酚蓝-固相萃取法)的基础上,重点研究了主要因素对DBC固栽化过程的影响规律.结果表明:反应温度与溶剂性质对DBC在CPVA微球上的固载化反应有较大的影响,在70℃极性较强的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,可制得冠醚DBC固载量为1.72 mmol/g的DBC-CPVA功能微球.     

Preparation of Iminoacetic Acid-type Composite Chelating Material IAA-PEI/SiO2 and Preliminary Studies on Chelating Adsorption Property towards Heavy Metal Ions

Polyamine polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first grafted on the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles in the manner of the coupling graft (the manner of “grafting to”), forming the grafting particles PEI/SiO₂. Subsequently, via a polymer reaction, the nucleophilic substitution reaction between the primary and secondary amino groups of the grafted PEI macromolecule and chloroactic acid (CAA), iminoacetic acid groups were bonded onto the grafted PEI chains, and an iminoacetic acid (IAA)-type composite chelating material, IAA-PEI/SiO₂, was formed. In this work, the preparation process of IAA-PEI/SiO₂ particles was mainly researched, and the effects of the main factors on the polymer reaction, i.e., the nucleophilic substitution reaction, were examined emphatically. The adsorption behavior of IAA-PEI/SiO₂ particles towards several kinds of heavy metal ions was preliminarily evaluated. The experiments results show that it is feasible to introduce IAA groups onto PEI/SiO₂ particles via the substitution reaction between CAA and the amino groups of the grafted PEI. The reaction rate is affected greatly by the feed ratio of the amino group of PEI to CAA, so the substitution reaction between CAA and the amino groups of the grafted PEI is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (S_N2). The reaction temperature and the used amount of acid-acceptor NaHCO₃ affect the bonding rate of IAA groups greatly. The fitting temperature was 60°C, and 1:1 of the molar ratio of NaHCO₃ to CAA was an appropriate amount of acid-acceptor NaHCO₃. Under the above optimal reaction conditions and with 3:1 molar ratio of amino group of PEI to CAA, 72% of the IAA group bonding rate (it is based on the hydrogen atoms in the primary and secondary amino groups of the grafted PEI) in 8 h can be reached. The composite chelating material IAA-PEI/SiO₂ possesses a strong chelating adsorption ability for heavy metal ions because of the increase of the ligands and formation of stable five-membered chelate rings.     

Removal of La(III) by amino-phosphonic acid functionalized polystyrene microspheres prepared via electron beam irradiation

A new aminophosphonic acid chelating resin was successfully prepared via electron beam irradiation grafting combined with chemical modification and used for the efficient removal of La(III). Firstly, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted to polystyrene microspheres (PS) via electron beam co-radiation to obtain PS-PGMA microspheres, then followed by the amination with diethylenetriamine (DETA) to formed PS-PGMA-DETA (PGD) microspheres through nucleophilic substitution between amino and epoxy group, and finally PS-PGMA-DETA-PA (PGDP) microspheres was obtained by phosphorylation with phosphorous acid (PA). The obtained chelating resin absorbent was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated that the millimetric aminophosphonic acid chelating resin were successfully prepared with well-defined morphology and enhanced thermal stability. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization results confirmed a possible adsorption mechanism, which is mainly based on the chelation and coordination of N and O in PDGP with La(III) in the solution. A series of parameters were taken into account in the adsorption experiment, such as absorbed dose, GMA concentration, dosage of PGDP, pH, contact time, temperature, and the initial concentrations of La(III). The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the research can be achieved 288.69 mg/g at 298.15 K, pH = 6. The kinetic sorption for for La(III) fitted the type 1 pseudo-second-order (R² = 0.9981), which revealed that the La(III) are chemisorbed on the surface of the PGDP. It was concluded that the La(III) adsorption conformed to the Freundlich equation, indicating a multilayer adsorption process. Thermodynamic data indicated that the La(III) uptake process was a spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, this research provided a new irradiation grafting method for rare earth ions removal.