Computation of the complexation energies of BH3NH3 and BH3PH3

Extended basis set computations on SCF and CEPA level were performed for BH₃NH₃ and BH₃PH₃ to determine the complexation energy ΔE and the equilibrium distance r(BX) between the “heavy” atoms. Our CEPA results (SCF in parentheses): ΔE(BH₃NH) = ?27(?21.3) kcal/mol, ΔE(BH₃PH₃) = ?17(?11.8) kcal/mol, r(BN) = 1.65(1.68) Å, r(BP) = 1.95(1.99) Å indicate a marked influence of electron correlation on these properties.     

On the accuracy of density functionals and their basis set dependence: An extensive study on the main group homonuclear diatomic molecules Li2 to Br2

The equilibrium bond distances, harmonic frequencies, and bond dissociation energies of the 21 homonuclear diatomics Li₂—F₂, Na₂—Cl₂, and K₂—Br₂ have been determined using approximate density functional theory (DFT) employing various widely used functionals and basis sets ranging from single zeta to triple zeta plus polarization quality. The results are in general much less sensitive to the size of the basis set as in conventional ab initio molecular orbital (MO) theory, while the choice of the functional is of much more significance. For one basis set (6-311G*), the performance of the DFT-based calculations has been compared and found to be superior to Hartree-Fock (HF) Møller Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2), or configuration interaction with single and double excitations (CISD) calculations. Particularly, no pathological cases, such as the group 2 dimers (Be₂, Mg₂, Ca₂), are observed. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

An ab-initio study of the molecular structure and properties of HPO

An ab-initio gaussian lobe function study of the structure and some molecular properties of the HPO molecule is reported. By a partial optimization of the geometrical structure the following equilibrium structure parameters are found: r_PO = 1.536 Å; r_PH = 1.475 Å; the bond angle is found to be close to 102° with a bending force constant of 0.58 mdyne/Å. The dipole moment, effective charges and quadrupole term components at various bond angles are reported. The wavefunction of the equilibrium geometry is available from the authors upon request.     

Many-Body Rayleigh-Schrödinger Perturbation calculations of the correlation energy of open shell molecules in the restricted Roothaan-Hartree-Fock formalism. Application to heats of reaction and energies of activation

The title technique was applied to a series of elementary chemical reactions. Second and third order contributions to the correlation energy were computed for the basis sets of the double zeta and double zeta plus polarization quality. Calculated heats of reaction and energies of activation were compared with the experimental data and the results of the bestab initio calculations reported in the literature.     

Ab Initio spectroscopic characterization of borane,BH, in its electronic state

The accurate potential energy and electric dipole moment functions of borane, BH, in its electronic state have been determined from ab initio calculations using the multireference averaged coupled‐pair functional method in conjunction with the correlation‐consistent core‐valence basis sets up to septuple‐zeta quality. The higher‐order electron correlation, scalar relativistic, adiabatic, and nonadiabatic effects were discussed. Vibration‐rotation energy levels of the ¹¹BH, ¹¹BD, ¹⁰BH, and ¹⁰BD isotopologues were predicted to near “spectroscopic” accuracy. For the main isotopologue ¹¹BH, the adiabatic dissociation energy D₀ and the effective equilibrium internuclear distance r_e were predicted to be 28 469 ± 10 cm^?1 and 1.23214 ± 0.0001 Å, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

On the convergence properties of the Rayleigh–Schrödinger and the Hirschfelder–Silbey perturbation expansions for molecular interaction energies

By applying the powerful direct optimization technique of conjugate gradients as adapted for the optimization of an open shell energy functional, a uniformly balanced (15^s 10^p) Gaussian basis set was obtained for the silicon atom. The quality of this basis set, as defined in terms of “exponent forces” or energy gradient |g|, is compatible with the quality of suitably chosen (10^s 5^p) carbon and (5^s) hydrogen basis sets. Contractions better than double zeta were determined for all three bases of Si, C, and H. Using the primitive and contracted bases, ab initio SCF MO calculations were carried out on molecules of SiH₄, CH₄, and H₂. Some of the computed results obtained for H₂C = SiH₂ are also included as an illustration for organo-silicon compounds.     

FT-Raman and infrared spectra,r0 structural parameters,ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment for nitryl chloride

The FT-Raman spectra (2000-30 cm⁻¹) of liquid and solid nitryl chloride, ClNO₂, along with the infrared spectra (2000-80 cm⁻¹) of the gas and solid have been recorded. All six fundamentals are confidently identified and the potential energy distributions determined from the force fields obtained from ab initio calculations. Several different basis sets have been utilized to determine the harmonic frequencies and force constants which are compared to the previously reported valence force constants. Structural parameters have been calculated with these basis sets including electron correlation with MP2, MP3 and MP4 perturbation. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters are compared to the experimental r₀ structural parameters. The spectra of the solid indicate that there are at least two molecules per primitive cell. All of these results are compared to the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.     

Parallel ab initio and molecular mechanics investigation of polycoordinated Zn(II) complexes with model hard and soft ligands: Variations of binding energy and of its components with number and charges of ligands

In this study we compare the binding energies of polycoordinated complexes of Zn²⁺ within cavities composed of model “hard” (H₂O, OH⁻) or “soft” (CH₃SH, CH₃S⁻) ligands. Ab initio supermolecule computations are performed at the HF and MP2 levels using extended basis sets to determine the binding energies and their components as a function of: the number of ligands, ranging from three to six; the net charge of the cavity; and the “hard” versus “soft” character of the ligands. These ab initio computations are used to test the reliability of the SIBFA molecular mechanics procedure, originally formulated and calibrated on the basis of ab initio computations, for such charged systems. The SIBFA intermolecular interaction energies match the corresponding ab initio values using a coreless effective potential split‐valence basis set with a relative error of ≤3%. Extensions to binuclear Zn²⁺ complexes, such as those that occur in the Zn‐binding sites of Gal4 and β‐lactamase proteins, are performed to test the applicability of the methodology for such systems. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 1011–1039, 2000     

Anab initio potential energy surface and dynamics calculations for vibrational excitation of I2 by He

We present newab initio calculations of the interaction potential and the elastic and inelastic cross sections for He scattering by I₂. The electronic structure calculations of the interaction potential are based on an extensive one-electron basis set (triple zeta plus ad set on each I, ans function plus ap set at the I₂ bond center, and quadruple zeta plus twop sets on He), a two-configuration-SCF orbital set, and a configuration interaction calculation based on all single and double excitations out of the two-configuration reference space. The calculations are performed at 16He-I₂ distances for nine combinations of I₂ vibrational displacement and orientation. A new form of analytic representation is presented that is particularly well suited to efficient and accurate fitting ofab initio interaction potentials that include vibrational displacements. Scattering calculations are performed by the vibrational close-coupling, rotational-infinite-order-sudden approximation with a converged vibrational basis.     

Hartree-Fock calculations and photoelectron spectra of SSO and NSF

Results from ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations on the ground states of SSO and NSF are reported. The calculations employ large basis sets of Gaussian functions of essentially double zeta quality. The photoelectron spectra of the bent triatomic molecules with 18 valence electrons, i.e. SSO, NSF, O₃, SO₂, NSCl are compared. Further experimental details of the photoelectron spectrum of SSO are presented and an assignment of the observed ionic states of SSO⊕ is attempted. The calculated dissociation energies, dipole moments and the population analyses are given. The correlation effect is qualitatively discussed in connection with the applicability of Koopmans' theorem for the bent tri-atomic molecules.     

Electronic structure of SiH2, PH2, and their positive and negative ions

Ab initio LCAO-MO-SCF calculations on SiH₂ and PH₂ and their positive and negative ions are reported, using a variety of Gaussian basis sets. The charge distribution, bonding, and molecular properties of these ions are compared with the available experimental data.     

Spectra and structure of small ring compounds. LXII. Conformational stability,structural parameters,ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment of cyclopropylmethyl ketone

The conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation, and fundamental vibrational frequencies of cyclopropylmethyl ketone, c-C₃H₅C(CH₃)O, have been obtained from Hartree—Fock ab initio calculations with the RHF/3-21G and RHF/6-31G* basis sets, as well as the 6-31G* basis set with electron correlation at the MP2 level, and the results are compared to those obtained from experiment. The data are consistent with the predominant rotamer having the cis conformation (carbonyl bond cis to the ring). A second form, having a “near” trans structure, is calculated to have a larger total dipole moment than the cis form, which accounts for its increased abundance in the liquid compared to that in the gas. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed based on experimental data and normal coordinate results from the ab initio calculations. The asymmetric torsional barrier has been calculated to be approximately 2000 cm⁻¹ and this result along with others is compared to the corresponding data obtained from both experiment and theory for the cyclopropylcarbonyl halides.     

Note on open shell restricted SCF calculations for rotation barriers about C-C double bonds: Ethylene and allene

It is shown thatab initio open-shell SCF calculations yield acceptable results for rotation barriers about double bonds in contrast to more conventional closed-shell SCF calculations. Using basis sets of double zeta+polarization quality the SCF values for the rotation barriers of ethylene and allene are obtained to be 48 and 50 kcal/mole, respectively. An IEPA estimate of the influence of electron correlation leads to values of 64 and 52 kcal/mole, respectively, which are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values.     

The structure of the H3O+ (hydronium) ion

Near Hartree-Fock level ab initio molecular orbital calculations on H₃O⁺ and a minimum energy structure with θ(HOH) = 112.5° and r(OH) = 0.963 Å and an inversion barrier of 1.9 kcal/mole. By comparing these results to calculations on NH₃ and H₂O, where precise experimental geometries are known, we estimate the “true” geometry of isolated H₃O⁺ to have a structure with θ(HOH) = 110-112°, r(OH) = 0.97–0.98 Å and an inversion barrier of 2–3 kcal/mole. Our prediction for the proton affinity of water is ≈ 170 kcal/mole, which is somewhat smaller than the currently accepted value.     

Ab initio study of the vibrational assignment and force field of thiosemicarbazide-d0 and -d5

The complete harmonic force field and optimized geometry of thiosemicarbazide have been calculated at the ab initio Hartree—Fock level using the 3-21G basis set. On the basis of this, the frequencies of thiosemicarbazide-d₀ and -d₅ and their ¹⁵N isotopic molecules have been calculated. The calculated frequencies and their band assignments are utilized to critically examine our previous experimental assignments which were based on normal coordinate calculations. The theoretical IR and Raman intensities, together with qualitative experimental band intensities, are also presented.     

Double proton shifts in associates of formic acid with hydrides of third period elements

The mechanisms of double proton shift in associates HC(O)OH ... X of formic acid with hydrides (X = SiH₄, PH₃, PH₅, H₂S, SH₄, CIH, and CIH₃) were studied by theab initio method (SCF/3G*). The activation barriers to this reaction in associates with PH₃, H₂S, SH₄, CIH, and CIH₃ are equal to 68.3, 10.0, 26.0, 1.0, and 0.4 kcal mol^–1, respectively. For X = SiH₄ and PHS₅ transition states for the double proton shift were not determined, and in all of the other cases studied they are synchronous (concerted or one-step).Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 817–822, April, 1996.     

Combined ab initio,electron diffraction,molecular mechanics and vibrational investigations of 1,1 -dimethyl-trans-2-decalone

The conformational behavior of 1,1'dimethyl-trans-2-decalone was studied by combined ab initio, electron diffraction, molecular mechanics and vibrational procedures, and the molecule was found to exist in a distorted all-chair ground state with average C-C, C-H and CO bond distances of r_g = 1.543 Å ± 0.002, r_g = 1.122 Å ± 0.007, and r_g = 1.236 Å ± 0.012, respectively. The ab initio calculations were performed on an STO-3G minimal basis and are indicative of the growing usefulness of quantum-mechanical techniques in the study of medium-sized molecular systems.     

Infrared and Raman spectra and normal coordinate analysis of trans-1,2-dicyanocyclopropane and its deuterated isotopomers

Infrared and Raman spectra are presented for trans-1,2-dicyanocyclopropane and its 1,2-d₂- and 3,3-d₂-isotopomers. Most of the d₀ assignments agree with previous assignments of Strumpf and Dunker encompassing 26 of the 27 fundamentals. The 1,2-d₂ assignments are similar, but for the 3,3-d₂ species only 11 bands could be assigned. A complete ab initio quantum mechanical force field has been calculated for this molecule at the 6-31G* basis set level. This force-field was scaled and least-squares optimized using eight parameters for functionally related diagonal force constants and their geometric mean for off-diagonals. Both theoretical minimum energy and “experimentally corrected” geometries were used with no significant difference in results. An earlier calculation with a 4-31G basis set gave a similar frequency fit but different scaling factors. As an alternative approach, the scaled ab initio force field, was also used as a starting point for a more conventional refinement of 27 force constants which had a significant influence on the potential energy distribution. The remainder were fixed at the scaled ab initio values. This empirical force field resulted in a fit to 65 fundamentals of d₀, 1,2-d₂ and 3,3-d₂ to < 1% average error.     

Estimates for systematic empirical corrections of consistent 4–21G ab initio geometries and their correlations to total energy group increments

The structural parameters of the completely relaxed 4–21G ab initio geometries of more than 30 basic organic compounds are compared to experimental results. Some ranges for systematic empirical corrections, which relate 4–21G bond distances to experimental parameters, are associated with total energy increments. In general, for the currently feasible comparisons, the following corrections can be given which relate calculated distances to experimental r_g parameters and calculated angles to r_s-structures For CC single bond distances, deviations between calculated and observed parameters (r_g) are in the ranges of ?0.006(2) to ?0.010(2) Å for normal or unstrained hydrocarbons; ?0.011(3) to ?0.016(3) Å for cyclobutane type compounds; and +0.001(5) to +0.004(4) Å for CH₃ conjugated with CO. For CO single bonds the ranges are ?0.006(9) to +0.002(3) Å for CO conjugated with CO; and ?0.019(3) to ?0.027(9) Å for aliphatic and ether compounds. A very large and exceptional discrepancy exists for the highly strained ethylene oxide, r_s — r_e = ?0.049(5) Å and in CH₃OCH₃ and C₂H₅OCH₃ the r_s — r_e differences are ?0.029(5), ?0.040(10) and ?0.025(10) Å. Some of these discrepancies may also be due to deficiencies of the microwave substitution method caused by atomic coordinates close to inertial planes. For CN bonds, two types of NCH₃ corrections are from +0.005(6) to ?0.006(6) and from ?0.009(2) to ?0.014(6) Å; and the range for NCO is +0.012(3) to +0.028(4) Å. For isolated CC double bonds the range is + 0.025(2) to +0.028(2) Å. For conjugated CC double bonds the correction is less positive (+0.014(1) Å for benzene). For CO double bonds the corrections are ?0.004(3) to +0.003(3) Å. For bond angles of type HCH, CCH, CCC, CCO, CCO, OCO, NCO and CCC the corrections are of the order of magnitude about 1–2° (or better). Angles centered at heteroatoms are less accurate than that, when hydrogen atoms are involved. Differences in HOC and NHC angles were found in a range of ?2.3(5)° to ?6.2(4)°.     

The harmonic force fields of dimethyl zinc,cadmium and mercury: A joint theoretical and experimental study

The harmonic force fields of the title compounds have been calculated at the ab initio SCF level using effective core potentials and polarized double-zeta basis sets. After scaling, the theoretical wavenumbers are in good agreement with experiment both for the parent compounds and the perdeuterated isotopomers, and the ¹²C→¹³C shifts are well reproduced. Constraining all but three off-diagonal force constants to their ab initio values in a least squares refinement, semi-empirical harmonic force fields have been derived which account well for all available experimental data. The CH stretching motions are analyzed in terms of an harmonic local mode approach.