Cu(II)-氨基酸-核苷酸三元配合物的合成和表征

合成和表征Na~2[Cu(L-Ala)~2(5'-GMP)].2H~2O、Na~2[Cu(L-Ala)~2(5'-IMP)].6H~2O、Na~2[Cu(L-His)(5'-GMP)Cl~2^2.2H~2O和Na~2[Cu(L-His)(5'-IMP)Cl~2].H~2O四个新的三元配合物, 其中两个L-Ala分子通过羧基O和α-氨基N与Cu(II)成反式配位, 一个L-His分子通过羧基O和咪唑环上的N与Cu(II)配位; 一个5'-GMP或5'-IMP分子嘌呤环上的N(7)与Cu(II)配位; 5'-GMP的磷酸根上可能存在强氢键, 而5'-IMP的磷酸根上不存在强氢键; 在含L-Ala三元配合物中, 5'-GMP的C(6)=0可能参与配位或形成强氢键, 而5'-IMP的C(6)=0不参与配位或形成配位或形成强氢键; 在含L-His三元配合物中, 5'-IMP的C(6)=0的表现则相反。     

Cu(II)-氨基酸-核苷酸三元配合物 II: Cu(II)-L-组氨酸、L-赖氨酸－5'-嘌呤核苷酸三元配合物

合成和表征了新的三元配合物: [Cu(L-His)(5'-AMP)]Cl2.4H2O,[Cu(L-His)(5'-GMP)]Cl2, [Cu(L-His)(5'-IMP)]Cl2.2H2O,[Cu(l-Lys)2(5'-GMP)]Cl2.6H2O, Na2[Cu(L-Lys)2(5'-GMPH_2)].6H2O,Na2[Cu(L-Lys)2(5'-GTPH_2)].6H2O, Na2[Cu(L-Lys)2(5'-IMPH_2)].10H2O. IR及NMR谱表明, 5'-嘌呤核苷酸以嘌呤碱基上的7-N原子与Cu(II)配位。在5'-嘌呤核苷酸形成的配合物中, 磷酸根不参与配位, 但是Na2.5'-GMPH-2和Na.5'-GTPH-2的磷酸根参与配位, 而Na2.5'-IMPH-2的磷酸根不参与配位。     

Cu(II)-氨基酸-核苷酸三元配合物 II: Cu(II)-L-组氨酸、L-赖氨酸－5'-嘌呤核苷酸三元配合物

合成和表征了新的三元配合物: [Cu(L-His)(5'-AMP)]Cl2.4H2O,[Cu(L-His)(5'-GMP)]Cl2, [Cu(L-His)(5'-IMP)]Cl2.2H2O,[Cu(l-Lys)2(5'-GMP)]Cl2.6H2O, Na2[Cu(L-Lys)2(5'-GMPH_2)].6H2O,Na2[Cu(L-Lys)2(5'-GTPH_2)].6H2O, Na2[Cu(L-Lys)2(5'-IMPH_2)].10H2O. IR及NMR谱表明, 5'-嘌呤核苷酸以嘌呤碱基上的7-N原子与Cu(II)配位。在5'-嘌呤核苷酸形成的配合物中, 磷酸根不参与配位, 但是Na2.5'-GMPH-2和Na.5'-GTPH-2的磷酸根参与配位, 而Na2.5'-IMPH-2的磷酸根不参与配位。     

SYNTHESIS AND CARACTERIZATION OF TERNARY COMPLEXES CONTAINING Cu(II),L-HISTIDINE AND NUCLEOTIDE

The ternary complexes containing Cu(II),L-His and nucleotide(5'-GMP and 5'-IMP)were synthesized and characterized.IR and ~1H NMRspectra show that Cu(II)binds to carboxylate oxygen and imidazolenitrogen of L-His and purine N_7 of 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP.The interactionof Cu(II)with Po_3~(2-)of 5'-GMP is present,but that for 5'-IMP is notpresent.     

二茂铁基取代酰腙的一些过渡金属配合物

本文制备了两个金属有机配位体,肉桂醛二茂铁基甲酰腙(HL^1)和二[(1-肉桂酰肼基乙基)环戊二烯基]铁(H~2L^2)及它们与一些过渡金属的配合物:ML~2^1[M=Cu(II)],ML^2[(M=Cu(II)和Zn(II)],M(HL^1)~2Cl~2[M=Cd(II),Co(II)和Ni(II)],M(H~2L^2)Cl~2[M=Mn(II),Zn(II),Co(II)和Cd(II)]。这两个配位体以烯醇式与M(OAc)~2.nH~2O中心离子配位,与MCl~2.nH~2O则以酮式配位。     

铜(II)与α, β-不饱和酸根形成的超分子配合物的合成、磁性 及晶体结构

合成了铜(II)与丙烯酸根和铜(II)与α-甲基丙烯酸根形成的两种超分子配合物,进行了元素分析、红外光谱、ESR谱和磁性等研究,确定分子单元的组成为Cu~2A~4(H~2O)~2,其中A=CH~2=CH-COO^-,CH~2=C(CH~3)-COO^-。测定了铜(II)与丙烯酸根形成的配合物的晶体结构。晶体属单斜晶系;C2/c群;晶胞参数:a=1.7009(9)nm,b=0.8060(5)nm,c=1.4429(4)n,β=109.31(5)ⅲ,Z=4;最终偏离因子R=0.0501。Cu(II)具有畸变的四角锥形配位环境,两个Cu(II)由四个丙烯酸根桥联,在Cu(II)的端位各有一个H~2O分子配位。Cu(II)-Cu(II)间具有一对称中心,Cu-Cu间距离为0.26096(14)nm,两个Cu(II)间具有反铁磁性偶合作用。每个分子单元以四根氢键与相邻的两个分子单元相连接,沿c轴形成一维链状超分子配合物。     

铜(II)与α, β-不饱和酸根形成的超分子配合物的合成、磁性 及晶体结构

合成了铜(II)与丙烯酸根和铜(II)与α-甲基丙烯酸根形成的两种超分子配合物,进行了元素分析、红外光谱、ESR谱和磁性等研究,确定分子单元的组成为Cu~2A~4(H~2O)~2,其中A=CH~2=CH-COO^-,CH~2=C(CH~3)-COO^-。测定了铜(II)与丙烯酸根形成的配合物的晶体结构。晶体属单斜晶系;C2/c群;晶胞参数:a=1.7009(9)nm,b=0.8060(5)nm,c=1.4429(4)n,β=109.31(5)ⅲ,Z=4;最终偏离因子R=0.0501。Cu(II)具有畸变的四角锥形配位环境,两个Cu(II)由四个丙烯酸根桥联,在Cu(II)的端位各有一个H~2O分子配位。Cu(II)-Cu(II)间具有一对称中心,Cu-Cu间距离为0.26096(14)nm,两个Cu(II)间具有反铁磁性偶合作用。每个分子单元以四根氢键与相邻的两个分子单元相连接,沿c轴形成一维链状超分子配合物。     

[Cu(C~1~2H~8N~2)(H~2O)(C~4H~4O~4)]·2H~2O的合成和晶 体结构

将适量邻菲啰啉、丁二酸和CuCl~2·2H~2o(摩尔比=1:1)溶于水和甲醇的混合溶剂[V(水):V(甲醇)=1:1]后,滴加NaOH溶液至pH=4.8。滤去沉淀物后,滤液于室温下缓慢蒸发得蓝色细长[Cu(C~1~2H~8N~2)(H~2O)(C~4H~4O~4)]·2H~2O晶体。晶体属三斜晶系,P1(No.2)空间群。晶胞参数a=0.7462(1)nm,b=(0.9959)1nm,c=1.2266(1)nm,α=75.02(1)°,β=82.38(1)°,γ=74.76(1)°,V=0.8475(2)nm^3,Z=2,D~c=1.622g·cm^3,F(000)=426.3882个独立衍射点中,2789个可观测点满足F~0^2≥2σ(F~0^2),R=0.0450,wR^2=0.0951。配合物内每个Cu与邻菲啰啉螯合配体中的2个N原子、来自不同羧酸根的2个羧基O和1个水分子O原子配位,形成扭曲的四方锥体,其中一羧基O位于锥顶[d(Cu－N)=0.2006(3),0.2032(3)nm;赤道d(Cu－O)=0.1972(2),0.1973(2)nm;轴向d(Cu－O)=0.2210(2)nm]。双齿桥联丁二酸根连接Cu原子形成平行于[100]方向的多聚超分子链^1~∞[Cu(phen)~2(H~2O)·(C~4H~4O~4)~2~/~2]~2。芳环堆积间距交替为0.366nm和0.380nm。未配位的H~2O分子位于超分子双链之间。     

Schiff碱N－氧化吡啶－2－甲醛缩氨基脲及其铜配合物的合成、晶体结构及谱学性质的研究

合成了Schiff碱N-氧化吡啶-2-甲醛缩氨基脲（PNOS）及其配合物[Cu(PNOS) (NO_3)_2],并用单晶X射线衍射法测定了配体和配合物结构。PNOS晶体中通过传统 氢键形成双层二维网状结构,再由非传统氢键自组装成三维网状结构。配合物[Cu (PNOS)(NO_3)_2]中的铜为六配位,畸变八面体结构,Schiff碱（PNOS）通过N-氧 化吡啶N-O的O原子,亚胺基C=N的N原子,及羰基C=O的O原子与铜配位;一个硝基以 单齿配体形式与铜配位,另一个则以双齿配体形式配位。配合物分子通过经典氢键 相互作用,形成单层二维网状结构,再通过非经典氢键作用,自组装成双层二维网 状结构。     

Cu(Ⅱ)-氨基酸-核苷酸三元配合物——Ⅱ.Cu(Ⅱ)—L-组氨酸、L-赖氨酸-5′-嘌呤核苷酸三元配合物

合成和表征了新的三元配合物:[Cu(L-His)(5′-AMP)]Cl_2·4H_2O,[Cu(L-His)(5′-GMP)]Cl_2,[Cu(L-His)(5′-IMP)]Cl_2·2H_2O,[Cu(L-Lys)_2(5′-GMP)]Cl_2·6H_2O,Na_2[Cu(L-Lys)_2(5′-GMPH_(-2)]·6H_2O,Na_2[Cu(L-Lys)_2(5′GTP_(-2))]·6H_2O,Na_2[Cu(L-Lsy)_2(5′-IMPH_(-2))]·10H_2O.IR及NMR谱表明,5′-嘌呤核苷酸以嘌呤碱基上的7-N原子与Cu(Ⅱ)配位.在5′-嘌呤核苷酸形成的配合物中,磷酸根不参与配位,但是Na_2·5′-GMPH_(-2)和Na_2·5′-GTPH_(-2)的磷酸根参与配位,而Na_2·5′-IMPH_(-2)的磷酸根不参与配位.     

fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+ nucleoside monophosphate adducts investigated in aqueous solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy

The fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+ cation, the putative DNA-binding species accounting for the biological activity of related Re(I) complexes, binds reversibly to N7 of 6-oxopurine nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs), in contrast to Pt(II) anticancer drugs. A relatively high amount of NMP is needed to convert all of the fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+ to adducts. The Re/nucleotide 1:1 adduct forms more rapidly and builds up to a higher concentration for guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) than for the respective 3'-monophosphates (3'-GMP and 3'-IMP). These results are attributable to the 5'-positioning of the 5'-NMP phosphate group that allows it to approach the metal inner sphere for more favorable cation electrostatic and aqua ligand H-bonding interactions, both in the initial productive ion pair encounter complexes and in the N7-bound 1:1 adducts. A higher reactivity of 5'-GMP over 3'-GMP is known for cisplatin. In contrast, more Re/nucleotide 1:2 adduct was formed by 3'-GMP (and 3'-IMP) than by 5'-GMP (and 5'-IMP). Because the 3'-phosphate group cannot closely approach the metal inner coordination sphere, the greater stability for the 3'-GMP 1:2 adduct reflects the more favorable G N1H-phosphate interligand GMP-GMP interactions for 3'-GMP vs 5'-GMP (G=guanine base derivative). This type of interaction is known for platinum adducts. In 1:2 adducts the bound nucleotides are inequivalent, prompting us to perform mixed 5'-GMP/3'-GMP experiments, leading to the observation of major (M) and minor (m) mixed Re/5'-GMP/3'-GMP 1:1:1 adducts. The order of abundance at equilibrium in a typical experiment was M>bis 3'-GMP>m>or=bis 5'-GMP. This stability order was rationalized by invoking the phosphate interactions described above. When methionine and 5'-GMP were allowed to compete for fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+, the Re/5'-GMP 1:1 adduct was the kinetic product and the S-bound Re/methionine adduct was the thermodynamic product, a result opposite to that typically found for cisplatin.     

Platinum complexes with NH groups on the carrier ligand and with only one guanine or hypoxanthine derivative. Informative models for assessing relative nucleobase and nucleotide hydrogen-bond interactions with amine ligands in solution

Complexes of the type syn-(R,S)-Me(3)dienPtL (Me(3)dien = N,N',N' '-trimethyldiethylenetriamine; L = guanine or hypoxanthine derivative) have two rotamers, a feature useful for assessing hydrogen-bond interactions between a Me(3)dien NH group and either the O6 or the phosphate group of the coordinated L. The two rotamers are defined as endo and exo for the rotamer with the six-membered ring of the purine on the same side and on the opposite side, respectively, of the coordination plane as the N-Me's. For L = 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP the endo rotamer is the exclusive form (at neutral and basic pH) or is present at 90% and more (low pH where 5'-phosphate group is protonated). A 5'-phosphate group can be positioned to form a direct H-bond with a Me(3)dien NH group only in the endo form; such an H-bond explains this high endo preference. Such a direct phosphate-NH H-bond is not possible for other complexes used in this study because either L has no phosphate group (9-EtG, Guo) or the phosphate is at the 3'-position (3'-GMP and 3'-IMP), too far for H-bonding. Nevertheless, a preference for the endo rotamer was observed for these L also. This result is opposite to that expected both from potential steric repulsion of the L O6 with the N-Me groups and also from the lack of a potential favorable H-bond interaction between L O6 and a Me(3)dien NH. For the 9-EtG adduct, the temperature dependence of the endo/exo equilibrium and the activation parameters for endo/exo interconversion suggest that the preference for the endo rotamer arises from the hydration of the Me(3)dien NH groups; such hydration is favorable in the endo rotamer. At basic pH, N1H deprotonation increases the H-bond capacity of O6, and the exo rotamer increases in stability, becoming the dominant rotamer for the 9-EtG and Guo adducts. For L = 3'-GMP and 3'-IMP, stabilization of the endo form upon phosphate deprotonation at neutral pH was observed. This result is attributed to an H-bonding network involving water, the 3'-phosphate, and the Me(3)dien NH groups.     

Coadsorption of Cu(II) and glyphosate at the water-goethite (alpha-FeOOH) interface: molecular structures from FTIR and EXAFS measurements

The coadsorption of Cu(II) and glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, abbreviated to PMG) at the water-goethite interface was studied by means of batch adsorption experiments, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The system was investigated over the pH range 3--9 and at total concentrations of 0.9 micromol and 2.2 micromol Cu(II) and PMG per m(2) of goethite. The collective quantitative and spectroscopic results show that Cu(II) and PMG directly interact at the water-goethite interface to form ternary surface complexes. Two predominating complexes have been identified. At pH 4 the IR and CuK-edge EXAFS data indicate a molecular structure where the phosphonate group of PMG bonds monodentately to the surface in an inner sphere mode, while carboxylate and amine groups coordinate to Cu(II) to form a 5-membered chelate ring. Hence, at pH 4, Cu(II) and PMG form a ternary surface complex on goethite with the general structure goethite-PMG-Cu(II). At the highest pH investigated (pH 9), the carboxylate group is still coordinated to Cu(II) but the phosphonate group is present in a relatively free, non-coordinated and/or disordered state. Although the spectroscopic data are not conclusive they indicate the formation of ternary surface complexes with the molecular architecture goethite-Cu(II)-PMG at high pH.     

(2-(2’-吡啶)苯并咪唑)(L-丙氨酸根)铜(Ⅱ)配合物结构、抗菌活性及DNA断裂作用

设计合成了新的(2-(2’-吡啶)苯并咪唑)(L-丙氨酸根)铜(II)配合物:[Cu(HPB)(L-Ala)(ClO4)(H2O)]2 H2O[HPB=2-(2’-吡啶)苯并咪唑,L-Ala=L-丙氨酸根].应用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、摩尔电导率、电喷雾质谱及X射线单晶衍射等方法对配合物的组成及结构进行了表征.该配合物晶体属单斜晶系,P21空间群,晶胞参数:a=1.1900(2)nm,b=0.80500(16)nm,c=1.9700(4)nm,β=94.78(3)°,Z=2,Dc=1.672 g cm-3,F(000)=968,残差因子R1=0.0427,wR2=0.1106[I>2σ(I)],S=0.999.在配合物分子中,2-(2’-吡啶)苯并咪唑和L-丙氨酸根以双齿配位方式在分子平面上与中心铜(II)离子配位,而水分子及高氯酸根单齿弱配位于分子轴向上,构成了一拉长的八面体结构.利用二倍试管稀释法测定了配合物的抗菌活性,并且研究了配合物对pBR 322 DNA的断裂作用.结果表明,该配合物对枯草杆菌(B.subtilis,G+),金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus,G+),大肠杆菌(E.coil,G-)和沙门氏杆菌(Salmonella,G-)具有良好的抑制活性,最小抑菌浓度为50～80μg mL-1,在维生素C存在下能够通过羟基自由基OH氧化断裂pBR 322 DNA双螺旋结构.     

Factors influencing conformer equilibria in retro models of cisplatin-DNA adducts as revealed by moderately dynamic (N,N'-dimethyl-2,3-diaminobutane)PtG(2) retro models (G = a guanine derivative)

Typical cis-PtA(2)G(2) models of key DNA lesions formed by cis-type Pt anticancer drugs are very dynamic and difficult to characterize (A(2) = diamine or two amines; G = guanine derivative). Retro models have A(2) carrier ligands designed to decrease dynamic motion without eliminating any of three possible conformers with bases oriented head-to-tail (two: DeltaHT and LambdaHT) or head-to-head (one: HH). All three were found in NMR studies of eight Me(2)DABPtG(2) retro models (Me(2)DAB = N,N'-dimethyl-2,3-diaminobutane with S,R,R,S and R,S,S,R configurations at the chelate ring N, C, C, and N atoms, respectively; G = 5'-GMP, 3'-GMP, 5'-IMP, and 3'-IMP). The bases cant to the left (L) in (S,R,R,S)-Me(2)DABPtG(2) adducts and to the right (R) in (R,S,S,R)-Me(2)DABPtG(2) adducts. Relative to the case in which the bases are both not canted, canting will move the six-membered rings closer in to each other ("6-in" form) or farther out from each other ("6-out" form). Interligand interactions between ligand components near to Pt (first-first sphere communication = FFC) or far from Pt (second-sphere communication = SSC) influence stability. In typical cases at pH < 8, the "6-in" form is favored, although the larger six-membered rings of the bases are close. In minor "6-out" HT forms, the proximity of the smaller five-membered rings could be sterically favorable. Also, G O6 is closer to the sterically less demanding NH part of the Me(2)DAB ligand, possibly allowing G O6-NH hydrogen bonding. These favorable FFC effects do not fully compensate for possibly stronger FFC dipole effects in the "6-in" form. SSC, phosphate-N1H cis G interactions favor LambdaHT forms in 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP complexes and DeltaHT forms in 3'-GMP and 3'-IMP complexes. When SSC and FFC favor the same HT conformer, it is present at >90% abundance. In six adducts [four (S,R,R,S)-Me(2)DABPtG(2) and (R,S,S,R)-Me(2)DABPtG(2) (G = 3'-GMP and 3'-IMP)], the minor "6-out" HT form at pH approximately 7 becomes the major form at pH approximately 10, where G N1H is deprotonated, because the large distance between the negatively charged N1 atoms minimizes electrostatic repulsion and probably because the G O6-(NH)Me(2)DAB H-bond (FFC) is strengthened by N1H deprotonation. At pH approximately 10, phosphate-negative N1 repulsion is an unfavorable SSC term. This factor disfavors the LambdaHT R form of two (R,S,S,R)-Me(2)DABPtG(2) (G = 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP) adducts to such an extent that the "6-in" DeltaHT R form remains the dominant form even at pH approximately 10.     

Neglected bidentate sp2 N-donor carrier ligands with triazine nitrogen lone pairs: platinum complexes retromodeling cisplatin guanine nucleobase adducts

Rapid rotation of guanine base derivatives about Pt-N7 bonds results in fluxional behavior of models of the key DNA intrastrand G-G cross-link leading to anticancer activity of Pt(II) drugs (G = deoxyguanosine). This behavior impedes the characterization of LPtG2 models (L = one bidentate or two cis-unidentate carrier ligands; G = guanine derivative not linked by a phosphodiester group). We have examined the formation of LPtG2 adducts with G = 5'- and 3'-GMP and L = sp(2) N-donor bidentate carrier ligands [5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5,5'-Me2bipy), 3-(4'-methylpyridin-2'-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazine) (MepyMe2t), and bis-3,3'-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazine) (R4dt)]. NMR spectroscopy provided conclusive evidence that these LPt(5'-GMP)2 complexes exist as interconverting mixtures of head-to-tail (HT) and head-to-head (HH) conformers. For a given G, the rates of G base rotation about the Pt-N7 bonds of LPtG2 models decrease in the order Me4dt > Et4dt > MepyMe2t > 5,5'-Me2bipy. This order reveals that the pyridyl ring C6 atom + H atom grouping is large enough to impede the rotation, but the equivalently placed triazine ring N atom + N lone pair grouping is sterically less impeding. For the first time, the two possible HH conformers (HHa and HHb) in the case of an unsymmetrical L have been identified in our study of (MepyMe2t)Pt(5'-GMP)2. Although O6-O6 clashes involving the two cis G bases favor the HT over the HH arrangement for most LPtG2-type complexes, the HH conformer of (R4dt)Pt(5'-GMP)2 adducts has a high abundance (approximately 50%). We attribute this high abundance to a reduction in O6-O6 steric clashes permitted by the overall low steric effects of R4dt ligands. Under the reaction conditions used, 3'-GMP forms a higher abundance of the LPt(GMP)2 adduct than does 5'-GMP, a result attributable to more favorable second-sphere communication in the LPt(3'-GMP)2 adduct than in the LPt(5'-GMP)2 adduct.     

Organometallic ruthenium(II) diamine anticancer complexes: arene-nucleobase stacking and stereospecific hydrogen-bonding in guanine adducts

Organometallic ruthenium(II) arene anticancer complexes of the type [(eta(6)-arene)Ru(II)(en)Cl][PF(6)] (en = ethylenediamine) specifically target guanine bases of DNA oligomers and form monofunctional adducts (Morris, R., et al. J. Med. Chem. 2001). We have determined the structures of monofunctional adducts of the "piano-stool" complexes [(eta(6)-Bip)Ru(II)(en)Cl][PF(6)] (1, Bip = biphenyl), [(eta(6)-THA)Ru(II)(en)Cl][PF(6)] (2, THA = 5,8,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene), and [(eta(6)-DHA)Ru(II)(en)Cl][PF(6)] (3, DHA = 9,10-dihydroanthracene) with guanine derivatives, in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, and in solution using 2D [(1)H,(1)H] NOESY and [(1)H,(15)N] HSQC NMR methods. Strong pi-pi arene-nucleobase stacking is present in the crystal structures of [(eta(6)-C(14)H(14))Ru(en)(9EtG-N7)][PF(6)](2).(MeOH) (6) and [(eta(6)-C(14)H(12))Ru(en)(9EtG-N7)][PF(6)](2).2(MeOH) (7) (9EtG = 9-ethylguanine). The anthracene outer ring (C) stacks over the purine base at distances of 3.45 A for 6 and 3.31 A for 7, with dihedral angles of 3.3 degrees and 3.1 degrees, respectively. In the crystal structure of [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(en)(9EtG-N7)][PF(6)](2).(MeOH) (4), there is intermolecular stacking between the pendant phenyl ring and the purine six-membered ring at a distance of 4.0 A (dihedral angle 4.5 degrees). This stacking stabilizes a cyclic tetramer structure in the unit cell. The guanosine (Guo) adduct [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(en)(Guo-N7)][PF(6)](2).3.75(H(2)O) (5) exhibits intramolecular stacking of the pendant phenyl ring with the purine five-membered ring (3.8 A, 23.8 degrees) and intermolecular stacking of the purine six-membered ring with an adjacent pendant phenyl ring (4.2 A, 23.0 degrees). These occur alternately giving a columnar-type structure. A syn orientation of arene and purine is present in the crystal structures 5, 6, and 7, while the orientation is anti for 4. However, in solution, a syn orientation predominates for all the biphenyl adducts 4, 5, and the guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) adduct 8 [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(II)(en)(5'-GMP-N7)], as revealed by NMR NOE studies. The predominance of the syn orientation both in the solid state and in solution can be attributed to hydrophobic interactions between the arene and purine rings. There are significant reorientations and conformational changes of the arene ligands in [(eta(6)-arene)Ru(II)(en)(G-N7)] complexes in the solid state, with respect to those of the parent chloro-complexes [(eta(6)-arene)Ru(II)(en)Cl](+). The arene ligands have flexibility through rotation around the arene-Ru pi-bonds, propeller twisting for Bip, and hinge-bending for THA and DHA. Thus propeller twisting of Bip decreases by ca. 10 degrees so as to maximize intra- or intermolecular stacking with the purine ring, and stacking of THA and DHA with the purine is optimized when their tricyclic ring systems are bent by ca. 30 degrees, which involves increased bending of THA and a flattening of DHA. This flexibility makes simultaneous arene-base stacking and N7-covalent binding compatible. Strong stereospecific intramolecular H-bonding between an en NH proton oriented away from the arene (en NH(d)) and the C6 carbonyl of G (G O6) is present in the crystal structures of 4, 5, 6, and 7 (average N...O distance 2.8 A, N-H...O angle 163 degrees ). NMR studies of the 5'-GMP adduct 8 provided evidence that en NH(d) protons are involved in strong H-bonding with the 5'-phosphate and O6 of 5'-GMP. The strong H-bonding from G O6 to en NH(d) protons partly accounts for the high preference for binding of [(eta(6)-arene)Ru(II)en](2+) to G versus A (adenine). These studies suggest that simultaneous covalent coordination, intercalation, and stereospecific H-bonding can be incorporated into Ru(II) arene complexes to optimize their DNA recognition behavior, and as potential drug design features.     

One-dimensional oxalato-bridged Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) complexes with purine and adenine as terminal ligands

The reaction of nucleobases (adenine or purine) with a metallic salt in the presence of potassium oxalate in an aqueous solution yields one-dimensional complexes of formulas [M(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(pur)](n) (pur = purine, ox = oxalato ligand (2-); M = Cu(II) [1], Co(II) [2], and Zn(II) [3]), [Co(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(pur)(0.76)(ade)(0.24)](n)(4) and ([M(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(ade)].2(ade).(H(2)O))(n) (ade = adenine; M = Co(II) [5] and Zn(II) [6]). Their X-ray single-crystal structures, variable-temperature magnetic measurements, thermal behavior, and FT-IR spectroscopy are reported. The complexes 1-4 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/a (No. 14) with similar crystallographic parameters. The compounds 5 and 6 are also isomorphous but crystallize in the triclinic space group P (No. 2). All compounds contain one-dimensional chains in which cis-[M(H(2)O)(L)](2+) units are bridged by bis-bidentate oxalato ligands with M(.)M intrachain distances in the range 5.23-5.57 A. In all cases, the metal atoms are six-coordinated by four oxalato oxygen atoms, one water molecule, and one nitrogen atom from a terminal nucleobase, building distorted octahedral MO(4)O(w)N surroundings. The purine ligand is bound to the metal atom through the most basic imidazole N9 atom in 1-4, whereas in 5 and 6 the minor groove site N3 of the adenine nucleobase is the donor atom. The crystal packing of compounds 5 and 6 shows the presence of uncoordinated adenine and water crystallization molecules. The cohesiveness of the supramolecular 3D structure of the compounds is achieved by means of an extensive network of noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes in the range 2-300 K show the occurrence of antiferromagnetic intrachain interactions.     

Helical-chain copper(II) complexes and a cyclic tetranuclear copper(II) complex with single syn-anti carboxylate bridges and ferromagnetic exchange interactions

Tridentate Schiff-base carboxylate-containing ligands, derived from the condensation of 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde with the amino acids beta-alanine (H2L1) and 2-aminobenzoic acid (H2L5) and the condensation of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde with beta-alanine (HL2), D,L-3-aminobutyric acid (HL3), and 4-aminobutyric acid (HL4), react with copper(II) perchlorate to give rise to the helical-chain complexes [[Cu(mu-HL1)(H2O)](ClO4)]n (1), [[Cu(mu-L2)(H2O)](ClO4).2H2O]n (2), and [[Cu(mu-L3)(H2O)](ClO4).2H2O]n (3), the tetranuclear complex [[Cu(mu-L4)(H2O)](ClO4)]4 (4), and the mononuclear complex [Cu(HL5)(H2O)](ClO4).1/2H2O (5). The reaction of copper(II) chloride with H2L1 leads not to a syn-anti carboxylate-bridged compound but to the chloride-bridged dinuclear complex [Cu(HL1)(mu-Cl)]2 (6). The structures of these complexes have been solved by X-ray crystallography. In complexes 1-4, roughly square-pyramidal copper(II) ions are sequentially bridged by syn-anti carboxylate groups. Copper(II) ions exhibit CuN2O3 coordination environments with the three donor atoms of the ligand and one oxygen atom belonging to the carboxylate group of an adjacent molecule occupying the basal positions and an oxygen atom (from a water molecule in the case of compounds 1-3 and from a perchlorate anion in 4) coordinated in the apical position. Therefore, carboxylate groups are mutually cis oriented and each syn-anti carboxylate group bridges two copper(II) ions in basal-basal positions with Cu...Cu distances ranging from 4.541 A for 4 to 5.186 A for 2. In complex 5, the water molecule occupies an equatorial position in the distorted octahedral environment of the copper(II) ion and the Cu-O carboxylate distances in axial positions are very large (>2.78 A). Therefore, this complex can be considered as mononuclear. Complex 6 exhibits a dinuclear parallel planar structure with Ci symmetry. Copper(II) ions display a square-pyramidal coordination geometry (tau = 0.06) for the N2OCl2 donor set, where the basal coordination sites are occupied by one of the bridging chlorine atoms and the three donor atoms of the tridentate ligand and the apical site is occupied by the remaining bridging chlorine atom. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that complexes 1-4 exhibit weak ferromagnetic interactions whereas a weak antiferromagnetic coupling has been established for 6. The magnetic behavior can be satisfactorily explained on the basis of the structural data for these and related complexes.