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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(1):112669
In this paper, we consider two kinds of spectral extremal questions. The first asks which graph attains the maximum Q-index over all graphs of order n and size ? The second asks which graph attains the maximum Q-index over all -bipartite graphs with edges? We solve the first question for , and the second question for . The maximum Q-index on connected -bipartite graphs is also determined for . 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(8):112904
Let be the minimum integer such that every plane graph with girth g at least , minimum degree and no -paths consisting of vertices of degree 2, where , has a 3-vertex with at least t neighbors of degree 2, where .In 2015, Jendrol' and Maceková proved . Later on, Hudák et al. established , Jendrol', Maceková, Montassier, and Soták proved , and , and we recently proved that and .Thus is already known for and all t. In this paper, we prove that , , and whenever . 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(5):112786
Let G be a connected graph with vertices and edges. The nullity of G, denoted by , is the multiplicity of eigenvalue zero of the adjacency matrix of G. Ma, Wong and Tian (2016) proved that unless G is a cycle of order a multiple of 4, where is the elementary cyclic number of G and is the number of leaves of G. Recently, Chang, Chang and Zheng (2020) characterized the leaf-free graphs with nullity , thus leaving the problem to characterize connected graphs G with nullity when . In this paper, we solve this problem completely. 相似文献
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Let χ be an order c multiplicative character of a finite field and a binomial with . We study the twisted classical and T-adic Newton polygons of f. When , we give a lower bound of Newton polygons and show that they coincide if p does not divide a certain integral constant depending on .We conjecture that this condition holds if p is large enough with respect to by combining all known results and the conjecture given by Zhang-Niu. As an example, we show that it holds for . 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(4):112774
Chvátal and Erdös (1972) [5] proved that, for a k-connected graph G, if the stability number , then G is Hamilton-connected () or Hamiltonian () or traceable (). Motivated by the result, we focus on tight sufficient spectral conditions for k-connected graphs to possess Hamiltonian s-properties. We say that a graph possesses Hamiltonian s-properties, which means that the graph is Hamilton-connected if , Hamiltonian if , and traceable if .For a real number , and for a k-connected graph G with order n, degree diagonal matrix and adjacency matrix , we have identified best possible upper bounds for the spectral radius , where Γ is either G or the complement of G, to warrant that G possesses Hamiltonian s-properties. Sufficient conditions for a graph G to possess Hamiltonian s-properties in terms of upper bounds for the Laplacian spectral radius as well as lower bounds of the algebraic connectivity of G are also obtained. Other best possible spectral conditions for Hamiltonian s-properties are also discussed. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(7):112898
The Hamming distance between two equal-length words u, v is the number of positions where u and v differ. The words u and v are said to be conjugates if there exist non-empty words such that and . The smallest value can take on is 0, when x and y commute. But, interestingly, the next smallest value can take on is 2 and not 1. In this paper, we consider conjugates and where . More specifically, we provide an efficient formula to count the number of length-n words over a k-letter alphabet that have a conjugate such that . We also provide efficient formulae for other quantities closely related to . Finally, we show that grows erratically: cubically for n prime, but exponentially for n even. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(8):112919
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