Synthesis characterization and X-ray crystal structures of cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane-platinum(II) nucleobase adducts

Platinum complexes of the type [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)(L)₂]X, where cis-1,4-DACH = cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane; L = adenine (ade) (1), hypoxanthine (hyp) (2), 9-methylguanine (9-megua) (3), cytosine (cyt) (4), or 1-methylcytosine (1-mecyt) (5); and X = SO₄ or Cl₂ groups, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and by ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁹⁵Pt nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The crystals of [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)(9-megua)₂]SO₄[9-megua-H]₂SO₄ (3) and [Pt(cis-1,4-DACH)(1-mecyt)₂]Cl₂ · 6H₂O (5) were also subjected to single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The base/PtN4 coordination plane dihedral angles were 74.55° and 85.61° in complex 3 and 78.12° and 81.80° in complex 5. The platinum had distorted square planar geometry in both complexes; the two adjacent corners were occupied by the two nitrogen atoms of cis-1,4-DACH, and the other two corners were occupied by the two N7 atoms of 9-megua in complex 3 and the two N3 atoms of 1-mecyt in complex 5. The cis-1,4-DACH, which has a unique twist-boat configuration, formed a seven-member chelating ring with platinum, which led to considerable strain during bidentate cis-1,4-DACH binding. Cations of both complexes 3 and 5 adopted C₂ molecular symmetry. These adducts were the models for the intrastand cross-links that were relevant to the binding of the Pt(II) antitumor drugs to DNA.     

Synthesis of aluminium complexes bearing a piperazine-based ligand system

Aluminium complexes bearing the N,N-chelating ligand 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl)piperazine (1) have been synthesised. Both monometallic and bimetallic aluminium methyl complexes (2 and 3, respectively) were prepared by treatment of 1 with the appropriate amount of AlMe₃. Complex 2 can be converted to 3 by addition of excess AlMe₃. Bimetallic aluminium-ethyl complex 4 was also prepared. Treatment of 1 with AlEt₂Cl afforded the monometallic chloride complex 5. Treatment of this latter complex with potassium alkoxides (KOR, R = Me, Et, ⁱPr, ^tBu) or AgOTf afforded the corresponding aluminium alkoxide complexes (6, R = Et; 7, R = Me; 8, R = ⁱPr; 9, R = ^tBu; 10, R = OTf) in good yields. Aluminium ethoxide complex 6 was also synthesised by treatment of 1 with AlEt₂OEt. All of these complexes were tested as potential catalysts in the ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide and caprolactone with limited success.     

A “sodium trap” based on benzo-15-crown-5 with an exocyclic N-(thiophosphoryl)thiourea moiety

For N-(thio)phosphorylthioureas of the common formula RC(S)NHP(X)(OiPr)₂HL^I (R = N-(4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5), X = S), HL^II (R = N-(4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5), X = O), HL^III (R = PhNH, X = S), HL^IV (R = PhNH, X = O), and (N,N′-bis-[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)₂]₂-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6) H₂L^V, salts LiL^I,III,IV, NaL^I–IV, KL^I–IVM₂L^V (M = Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺), Ba(L^I,III,IV)₂, and BaL^V have been synthesized and investigated. Compounds NaL^I,II quantitatively drop out as a deposit in ethanol medium, allowing the separation of Na⁺ and K⁺ cations. This effect is not displayed for the other compounds. The crystal structures of HL^III and the solvate of the composition [K(Me₂CO)L^III] have been investigated by X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis, characterization and Schlenk equilibrium studies of methylmagnesium compounds with O- and N-donor ligands - the unexpected behavior of [MgMeBr(pmdta)] (pmdta = N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine)

MgMe₂ (1) was found to react with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) in tetrahydrofuran (thf) yielding a binuclear complex [{MgMe₂(thf)}₂(μ-dabco)] (2). Furthermore, from reactions of MgMeBr with diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), NEt₃, and tmeda (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) in etheral solvents compounds MgMeBr(L), (L = diglyme (5); NEt₃ (6); tmeda (7)) were obtained as highly air- and moisture-sensitive white powders. From a thf solution of 7 crystals of [MgMeBr(thf)(tmeda)] (8) were obtained. Reactions of MgMeBr with pmdta (N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) in thf resulted in formation of [MgMeBr(pmdta)] (9) in nearly quantitative yield. On the other hand, the same reaction in diethyl ether gave MgMeBr(pmdta) · MgBr₂(pmdta) (10) and [{MgMe₂(pmdta)}₇{MgMeBr(pmdta)}] (11) in 24% and 2% yield, respectively, as well as [MgMe₂(pmdta)] (12) as colorless needle-like crystals in about 26% yield. The synthesized methylmagnesium compounds were characterized by microanalysis and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The coordination-induced shifts of the ¹H and ¹³C nuclei of the ligands are small; the largest ones were found in the tmeda and pmdta complexes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed in 2 a tetrahedral environment of the Mg atoms with a bridging dabco ligand and in 8 a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination of the Mg atom. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of [MgMe₂(pmdta)] (12) and [MgBr₂(pmdta)] (13) showed them to be monomeric with five-coordinate Mg atoms. The square-pyramidal coordination polyhedra are built up of three N and two C atoms in 12 and three N and two Br atoms in 13. The apical positions are occupied by methyl and bromo ligands, respectively. Temperature-dependent ¹H NMR spectroscopic measurements (from 27 to −80 °C) of methylmagnesium bromide complexes MgMeBr(L) (L = thf (4); diglyme (5); NEt₃ (6); tmeda (7)) in thf-d₈ solutions indicated that the deeper the temperature the more the Schlenk equilibria are shifted to the dimethylmagnesium/dibromomagnesium species. Furthermore, at −80 °C the dimethylmagnesium compounds are predominant in the solutions of Grignard compounds 4-6 whereas in the case of the tmeda complex7 the equilibrium constant was roughly estimated to be 0.25. In contrast, [MgMeBr(pmdta)] (9) in thf-d₈ revealed no dismutation into [MgMe₂(pmdta)] (12) and [MgBr₂(pmdta)] (13) even up to −100 °C. In accordance with this unexpected behavior, 1:1 mixtures of 12 and 13 were found to react in thf at room temperature yielding quantitatively the corresponding Grignard compound 9. Moreover, the structures of [MgMeBr(pmdta)] (9c), [MgMe₂(pmdta)] (12c), and [MgBr₂(pmdta)] (13c) were calculated on the DFT level of theory. The calculated structures 12c and 13c are in a good agreement with the experimentally observed structures 12 and 13. The equilibrium constant of the Schlenk equilibrium (2 9c ? 12c + 13c) was calculated to be K_gas = 2.0 × 10⁻³ (298 K) in the gas phase. Considering the solvent effects of both thf and diethyl ether using a polarized continuum model (PCM) the corresponding equilibrium constants were calculated to be K_thf = 1.2 × 10⁻³ and K_ether = 3.2 × 10⁻³ (298 K), respectively.     

Effect of π-accepting substituent on the reactivity and spectroscopic characteristics of triarylbismuthanes and triarylbismuth dihalides

Competitive chlorination of p-substituted triarylbismuthanes 1 [(p-XC₆H₄)₃Bi; a: X = OMe, c: Cl, d: CO₂Et, e: CF₃, f: CN, g: NO₂] and trimesitylbismuthane (2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)₃Bi 1h by sulfuryl chloride was carried out against 1b (X = H) and the effect of these substituents on the formation of triarylbismuth dichlorides 2 was studied. The relative ratios 2/2b decreased with increasing electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents (2a/2b = 53/47, 2c/2b = 33/67, 2d/2b = 35/65, 2e/2b = 29/71, 2f/2b = 16/84, 2g/2b = 0/100, 2h/2b = 46/54), indicating a lowering of reactivity of the lone pair on the bismuth atom. Pd-Catalyzed degradation of 2a-g and their difluorides 3 giving biaryls 4 was promoted by the electron-withdrawing p-substituents in the equatorial aryl groups but suppressed by the more electronegative fluorine atoms in the apical positions. This is in fairly good accord with the stability of the trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The ¹³C NMR study of 1-3 showed that the signals due to the ipso carbons (C1) attached to the bismuth atom shift downfield with increasing electron-withdrawing nature of the p-substituents. No such tendency was observed in other aromatic ring carbons. The electronic effect on the C1 atoms, similar to that on the chlorination of 1 and degradation of 2 and 3, indicates the significant participation of the C1 atoms in these reactions through the Bi-C1 bonds.     

Metal β-diketiminates revisited: ansa-CH2-bridged bis(β-diketiminate)s of lithium and aluminium having diverse structures

The metal β-diketiminato ligand-to-metal binding modes are briefly reviewed, with reference particularly to our previous work on metal complexes using the ligands [{N(R¹)C(R²)}₂CH] (R¹ = SiMe₃ = R and R² = Ph; or R¹ = C₆H₃Prⁱ₂-2,6 and R² = Me). The syntheses of the β-diketimines H[{N(R)C(Ar)}₂CH] 1 (Ar = Ph) and 2 (Ar = C₆H₄Me-4) and the ansa-CH₂-bridged bis(β-diketimine)s 3 (Ar = Ph) and 4 (Ar = C₆H₄Me-4) are reported. Thus, from the appropriate compound Li[{N(R)C(Ar)}₂CH] and H₂O, (CH₂Br)₂ or CH₂Br₂ the product was 2, 3 or 4. Compound 1 was prepared from K[{N(R)C(Ph)}₂CH] and (CH₂Br)₂. Each of 3 or 4 with LiBuⁿ surprisingly yielded the bicyclic dilithium compound 5 (Ar = Ph) or 6 (Ar = C₆H₄Me-4) in which each of the β-diketiminato fragments is an N,N′-bridge between the two lithium atoms and the CH₂ moiety joins the two ligands through their central carbon atoms. However, 4 with AlMe₃ yielded the expected ansa-CH₂-bridged-bis[(β-diketiminato)(dimethyl)alane] 7, which was also obtained from 6 and Al(Cl)Me₂. X-ray structures of the known compounds 2 and 3, and of 5, 6 and 7 are presented; the ¹H NMR spectra of 6 in toluene-d₈ show that there is restricted rotation about the NC-C₆H₄Me-4 bond.     

Reactivity of M(en)Cl2 (M = Pd/Pt,en = 1,2-diaminoethane) with N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine: Binding with hexafluorobenzene

Schiff base N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (LH₂) complexed with Pt(en)Cl₂ and Pd(en)Cl₂ provided [Pt(en)L]₂ · 4PF₆ (1) and Pd(Salen) (2) (Salen = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-ethylenediamine), respectively, which were characterized by their elemental analysis, spectroscopic data and X-ray data. A solid complex obtained by the reaction of hexafluorobenzene (hfb) with the representative complex 1 has been isolated and characterized as 3 (1 · hfb) using UV–Vis, NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹F) data. A solid complex of hfb with a reported Zn-cyclophane 4 has also been prepared and characterized 5 (4 · hfb) for comparison with complex 3. The association of hfb with 1 and 4 has also been monitored using UV–Vis and luminescence data.     

Coordination compounds of N,N′-olefin functionalized imidazolin-2-ylidenes

N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) were metalated with Pd(OAc)₂ or [Ni(CH₃CN)₆](BF₄)₂ by in situ deprotonation of imidazolium salts to give the N-olefin functionalized biscarbene complexes [MX₂(NHC)₂] 3-7 (3: M = Pd, X = Br, NHC = 1,3-di(3-butenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene; 4: M = Pd, X = Br, NHC = 1,3-di(4-pentenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene; 5: M = Pd, X = I, NHC = 1,3-diallylimidazolin-2-ylidene; 6: M = Ni, X = I, NHC = 1,3-diallylimidazolin-2-ylidene; 7: M = Ni, X = I, NHC = 1-methyl-3-allylimidazolin-2-ylidene). Molecular structure determinations for 4-7 revealed that square-planar complexes with cis (5) or trans (4, 6, 7) coordination geometry at the metal center had been obtained. Reaction of nickelocene with imidazolium bromides afforded the η⁵-cyclopentadienyl (η⁵-Cp) monocarbene nickel complexes [NiBr(η⁵-Cp)(NHC)] 8 and 9 (8: NHC = 1-methyl-3-allylimidazolin-2-ylidene; 9: NHC = 1,3-diallylimidazolin-2-ylidene). The bromine abstraction in complexes 8 and 9 with silver tetrafluoroborate gave complexes [NiBr(η⁵-Cp)(η³-NHC)] 10 and 11. The X-ray structure analysis of 10 and 11 showed a trigonal-pyramidal coordination geometry at the nickel(II) center and coordination of one N-allyl substituent.     

Synthesis and decarboxylation of N-acyl-α-triphenylphosphonio-α-amino acids: a new synthesis of α-(N-acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts

4-Phosphoranylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 undergo hydrolysis in THF in the presence of HBF₄ at room temperature to give N-acyl-α-triphenylphosphonioglycines 3 (R² = H) in very good yields. 4-Alkyl-4-triphenylphosphonio-5(4H)-oxazolones 2 react with water in CH₂Cl₂/THF solution without any acidic catalyst at 0-5 °C in a few days yielding N-acyl-α-triphenylphosphonio-α-amino acids 3 (R² = Me) or α-(N-acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salt 4 (R² = CH₂OMe). α-Triphenylphosphonio-α-amino acids 3, on heating up to 105-115 °C under reduced pressure (5 mmHg) or on treatment with diisopropylethylamine in CH₂Cl₂ at 20 °C undergo decarboxylation to give the corresponding α-(N-acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts 4, usually in very good yields.     

A series of silver coordination polymers constructed from flexible bis(benzimidazole) ligands and different carboxylates

In this article, eight new silver coordination polymers constructed from two structurally related ligands, 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(2-methylbenzimidazole) (bbmb) and 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(2-ethylbenzimedazole) (bbeb), have been synthesized: [Ag(L1)(bbmb)]·C₂H₅OH·H₂O (1), [Ag(L2)(bbmb)]·C₂H₅OH (2), [Ag(L3)(bbmb)] (3), [Ag₂(L4)(bbmb)₂]·C₂H₅OH (4), [Ag(L2)(bbeb)]·C₂H₅OH (5), [Ag(L5)(bbeb)]·CH₃OH (6), [Ag₂(L6)₂(bbeb)]·H₂O (7), and [Ag₂(L7)(bbeb)₂]·4(H₂O) (8), where L1 = benzoate anion, L2 = p-methoxybenzoate anion, L3 = 2-amino-benzoate anion, L4 = oxalate anion, L5 = cinnamate ainon, L6 = 3-amino-benzoate anion, and L7 = fumaric anion. In 1-3, 5 and 6, the bidentate N-donor ligands (bbmb and bbeb) in trans conformations bridge neighboring silver centers to form 1D single chain structures. The carboxylate anions are attached on both sides of the chains. Moreover, 1 and 3 are extended into 2D layers, while 2 and 6 are extended into 3D frameworks through π-π interactions. In 4, the bbmb ligands bridge adjacent Ag(I) centers to form -Ag-bbmb-Ag- chains, which are further connected by L4 anions to form a 2D layer. The resulting layers are extended into 3D frameworks through strong π-π interactions. In 7, the N-donor ligands (bbeb) in trans conformations bridge two silver centers to generate a [Ag₂(bbeb)]²⁺ unit. The adjacent [Ag₂(bbeb)]²⁺ units are further connected via the L6 anions to form a 1D ladder chain. Moreover, the structure of compound 7 is extended into a 3D framework through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. In 8, two Ag(I) cations are bridged by two bbeb ligands in cis conformations to form a [Ag₂(bbeb)₂]²⁺ ring, which are further linked by L7 anions to generate a 1D string chain. Furthermore, the hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions link L7 anions to form a 2D supramolecular sheet. Additionally, the luminescent properties of these compounds were also studied.     

Os(CO)2(η-SC5H4N(O))(η-SC5H4N): structural evidence for the transformation of pyridine-2-thione N-oxide to pyridine-2-thiolate in osmium complexes

The reaction of Os₃(CO)₁₂ with an excess of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione and Me₃NO gives three mononuclear osmium complexes Os(CO)₂(η²-SC₅H₄N(O))₂ (1), Os(CO)₂(η²-SC₅H₄N(O))(η²-SC₅H₄N) (2), and Os(CO)₂(η²-SC₅H₄N)₂ (3). The results of single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that complex 1 contains two O,S-chelate pyridine-2-thione N-oxide (PyOS) ligands, whereas complex 2 contains one O,S-chelate PyOS and one N,S-chelate pyridine-2-thiolate group. The unique structure of 2 provides evidence of the pathway for this transformation. When this reaction was monitored by ¹H NMR spectroscopy the triosmium complexes Os₃(CO)₁₀(μ-H)(μ-η¹-S-C₅H₄N(O)) (4) and Os₃(CO)₉(μ-H)(μ-η¹:η²-SC₅H₄N(O)) (5) were identified as intermediates in the formation of the mononuclear final products 1-3. The proposed pathway is further supported by the observation of several dinuclear osmium intermediates by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, the reaction of Os₃(CO)₁₂ with 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione in the absence of Me₃NO at 90 °C generated mononuclear complex 2 as the major product along with smaller amounts of complexes 1 and 3. These results suggest that the N-oxide facilitates the decarbonylation reaction. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 26.9990(5) Å, b = 7.6230(7) Å, c = 14.2980(13) Å, β = 101.620(2)°, V = 2882.4(4) ų, Z = 8. Crystal data for 2: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 5.7884(3) Å, b = 13.9667(7) Å, c = 17.2575(9) Å, β = 96.686(1)°, V = 1385.69(12) ų, Z = 4.     

Crystal and solution structures of di-n-butyltin(IV) complexes of 5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-diazenyl]quinolin-8-ol and benzoic acid derivatives: En route to elegant self-assembly via modulation of the tin coordination geometry

Reactions of ⁿBu₂SnCl(L¹) (1), where L¹ = acid residue of 5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-diazenyl]quinolin-8-ol, with various substituted benzoic acids in refluxing toluene, in the presence of triethylamine, yielded dimeric mixed ligand di-n-butyltin(IV) complexes of composition [ⁿBu₂Sn(L¹)(L^2-6)]₂ where L² = benzene carboxylate (2), L³ = 2-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-diazenyl]benzoate (3), L⁴ = 5-[(E)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-diazenyl]-2-hydroxybenzoate (4), L⁵ = 2-{(E)-4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-4-chlorophenyliminomethyl]-phenyldiazenyl}benzoate (5) and L⁶ = 2-[(E)-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-diazenyl]benzoate (6). All complexes (1-6) have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁷Sn NMR and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography, complemented by ¹¹⁷Sn CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy studies in the solid state. The crystal structure of 1 reveals a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry around the Sn-atom where the Cl- and N-atoms of ligand L¹ occupy the axial positions. In complexes 2-5, the molecules are centrosymmetric dimers in which the Sn-atoms are connected by asymmetric μ-O bridges through the quinoline O-atom to give an Sn₂O₂ core. The differences in the Sn-O bond lengths within the bridge range from 0.28 to 0.48 Å, with the longer of the Sn-O distances being in the range 2.56-2.68 Å and the most symmetrical bridge being in 5. The carboxylate group is almost symmetrically bidentate coordinated to the tin atom in 5 (Sn-O distances of 2.327(2) and 2.441(2) Å), unlike the other complexes in which the distance of the carboxylate carbonyl O-atom from the tin atom is in the range 2.92-3.03 Å. The structure of 5 displays a more regular pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry about each tin atom than in 2-4. In contrast, the centrosymmetric dimeric structure of 6 involves asymmetric carboxylate bridges, resulting in a different Sn₂C₂O₄ motif. The Sn-O bond lengths in the bridge differ by about 0.6 Å, with the longer distance involving the carboxylate carbonyl O-atom (2.683(2) and 2.798(2) Å for two molecules in the asymmetric unit). The carboxylate carbonyl O-atom has a second, even longer intramolecular contact to the Sn-atom to which the carboxylate group is primarily coordinated, with these Sn?O distances being as high as 3.085(2) and 2.898(2) Å. If the secondary interactions are considered, all the di-n-butyltin(IV) complexes (2-6) display a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal arrangement about each tin atom in which the n-butyl groups occupy the axial positions.     

Synthesis of arene ruthenium triazolato complexes by cycloaddition of the corresponding arene ruthenium azido complexes with activated alkynes or with fumaronitrile

The neutral arene ruthenium azido complexes [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(LL)(N₃)], [LL = acetylacetonato (acac) (4), benzoylacetonato (bzac) (5) diphenylbenzoyl methane (dbzm) (6)] undergo [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with a series of activated alkynes and fumaronitrile to produce the arene ruthenium triazolato complexes: [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(LL){N₃C₂(CO₂R)₂}] [LL = (acac), R = Me (7); LL = (bzac), R = Me (8); LL = (dbzm), R = Me (9); LL = (acac), R = Et (10); LL = (bzac), R = Et (11); LL = (dbzm), R = Et (12) and [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(LL)(N₃C₂HCN)]; LL = acac (13), bzac (14); dbzm (15). However, cationic azido complexes, [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(dppe)(N₃)]⁺ and [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(dppm)(N₃)]⁺ do not undergo such cycloaddition reactions. The complexes were characterized on the basis of microanalyses, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic data. Crystal structures of representative complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Titanium (IV) complexes based on substituted 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)]aminophenols

Novel substituted 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)]aminophenols, MeN(CHR¹CR²R³OH)(C₆H₄-o-OH) (2-5), were synthesized by the reaction of 2-methylaminophenol with corresponding oxiranes. Titano-spiro-bis(ocanes) [MeN(CHR¹CR²R³O)(C₆H₄-o-O)]₂Ti 6-9 (2, 6, R¹ = H, R² = R³ = Me; 3, 7, R¹ = R² = Ph (treo-), R³ = H; 4, 8, R¹ = Ph, R² = R³ = H; 5, 9, R¹ = R² = H, R³ = Ph) based on [ONO]-ligands have been synthesized. The obtained compounds were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis data. The complex [Ti(μ²-O){O-o-C₆H₄}{μ²-CMe₂CH₂}NMe]₆ (10) was obtained by controlled hydrolysis of 6. Molecular structure of 10 was determined by X-ray structure analysis.     

Ferrocenoyl peptides with sulfur-containing side chains: synthesis, solid state and solution structures

The synthesis and full characterization of a number of amino acid and dipeptide derivatives with sulfur-containing side chains derived from ferrocene carboxylic acid and ferrocene-1,1′-dicarboxylic acid is presented. In particular, compounds Fc-CO-(Aaa)_n-OMe (4) and Fe[C₅H₄-CO-(Aaa)_n-OMe]₂ (3) with (Aaa)_n = Cys(Bzl) (a), Cys(Bzl)-Cys(Bzl) (b), Cys(p-OMe-Bzl) (c), Cys(p-OMe-Bzl)-Cys(p-OMe-Bzl) (d), Met (e), and Met-Met (f) were prepared. Also, the free acid derivatives Fe[C₅H₄-CO-Met-OH]₂ (6e) and Fc-CO-Met-OH (7e) were prepared and characterized. The solid state structures of 3a, 4b, and 4e were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 3a shows a 1,3′ substitution pattern on the Cp rings in the solid state. Structures in solution were determined by NMR, IR and CD spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on the question of hydrogen bonding and helical chirality of the metallocene. As an example, the full assignment for the Cp signals in the disubstituted derivative 3a was achieved by simulation of the ¹H NMR signals from the cyclopentadienyl ring in combination with 2D-NOESY spectra. In solution, 3a has the known 1,2′ substitution pattern, which is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds.     

Palladiumdichloride (ferrocenylethynyl)phosphanes and their use in Pd-catalyzed Heck-Mizoroki- and Suzuki-Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions

In this work the synthesis of phosphane selenides (FcCC)_nPh_3−nPSe (2a, n = 1; 2b, n = 2; 2c, n = 3; Fc = ferrocenyl, (η⁵-C₅H₄)(η⁵-C₅H₅)Fe) from (FcCC)_nPh_3−nP (1a, n = 1; 1b, n = 2; 1c, n = 3) and selenium is described to estimate the σ-donor properties of these systems by ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. Progressive replacement of phenyl by ferrocenylethynyl causes a shielding of the phosphorus atom with increasing of the ¹J(³¹P-⁷⁷Se) coupling constants.The palladiumdichloride metal-organic complexes [((FcCC)_nPh_3−nP)₂PdCl₂] (3a, n = 1; 3b, n = 2; 3c, n = 3) have been used as (pre)catalysts in the Suzuki-Miyaura (reaction of 2-bromo-toluene (4a) and 4-bromo-acetophenone (4b), respectively, with phenyl boronic acid (5) to give 2-methyl biphenyl (6a) and 4-acetyl biphenyl (6b)) and in the Heck-Mizoroki reaction (treatment of iodobenzene (7) with tert-butyl acrylate (8) to give E-tert-butyl cinnamate (9)).The structures of molecules 1a, 1c, 2c, and 3c in the solid state were determined by single X-ray structure analysis showing that the structural parameters of these systems are unexceptional and correspond to those of related phosphanes, seleno phosphanes, and palladium dichloride complexes.     

Quantum chemistry studies on the Ru-M interactions and the P NMR in [Ru(CO)3(Ph2Ppy)2(MCl2)] (M = Zn, Cd, Hg)

To study the Ru-M interactions and their effects on ³¹P NMR, complexes [Ru(CO)₃(Ph₂Ppy)₂] (py = pyridine) (1) and [Ru(CO)₃(Ph₂Ppy)₂MCl₂] (M = Zn, 2; Cd, 3; Hg, 4) were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) PBE0 method. Moreover, the PBE0-GIAO method was employed to calculate the ³¹P chemical shifts in complexes. The calculated ³¹P chemical shifts in 1-3 follow 2 > 3 > 1 which are consistent to experimental results, proving that PBE0-GIAO method adopted in this study is reasonable. This method is employed to predict the ³¹P chemical shift in designed complex 4. Compared with 1, the ³¹P chemical shifts in 2-4 vary resulting from adjacent Ru-M interactions. The Ru → M or Ru ← M charge-transfer interactions in 2-4 are revealed by second-order perturbation theory. The strength order of Ru → M interactions is the same as that of the P-Ru → M delocalization with Zn > Cd > Hg, which coincides with the order of ³¹P NMR chemical shifts. The interaction of Ru → M, corresponding to the delocalization from 4d orbital of Ru to s valence orbital of M²⁺, results in the delocalization of P-Ru → M, which decreases the electron density of P nucleus and causes the downfield ³¹P chemical shifts. Except 2, the back-donation effect of Ru ← M, arising from the delocalization from s valence orbital of M²⁺ to the valence orbital of Ru, is against the P-Ru → M delocalization and results in the upfield ³¹P chemical shifts in 4. Meanwhile, the binding energies indicate that complex 4 is stable and can be synthesized experimentally. However, as complex [Ru(CO)₃(Ph₂Ppy)₂HgCl]⁺5 is more stable than 4, the reaction of 1 with HgCl₂ only gave 5 experimentally.     

Reactivity studies of (η-arene)ruthenium dimeric complexes towards pyrazoles: isolation of amidines, bis pyrazoles and chloro bridged pyrazole complexes

The complex [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]₂1 reacts with pyrazole ligands (3a-g) in acetonitrile to afford the amidine derivatives of the type [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(L)(3,5-HRR′pz)](BF4)₂ (4a-f), where L = {HNC(Me)3,5-RR′pz}; R, R′ = H (4a); H, CH₃ (4b); C₆H₅ (4c); CH₃, C₆H₅ (4d) OCH₃ (4e); and OC₂H₅ (4f), respectively. The ligand L is generated in situ through the condensation of 3,5-HRR′pz with acetonitrile under the influence of [(η⁶-p-cymene)RuCl₂]₂. The complex [(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]₂2 reacts with pyrazole ligands in acetonitrile to yield bis-pyrazole derivatives such as [(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru (3,5-HRR′pz)₂Cl](BF₄) (5a-b), where R, R′ = H (5a); H, CH₃ (5b), as well as dimeric complexes of pyrazole substituted chloro bridged derivatives [{(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru(μ-Cl) (3,5-HRR′pz)}₂](BF₄)₂ (5c-g), where R, R′ = CH₃ (5c); C₆H₅ (5d); CH₃, C₆H₅ (5e); OCH₃ (5f); and OC₂H₅ (5g), respectively. These complexes were characterized by FT-IR and FT-NMR spectroscopy as well as analytical data. The molecular structures¹ of representative complexes [(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru{3(5)-Hmpz}₂Cl]⁺5b, [(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru(μ-Cl)(3,5-Hdmpz)]₂²⁺5c and [(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru(μ-Cl){3(5)Me,5(3)Ph-Hpz}]₂²⁺5e were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.     

Chiral self-assembly of triorganotin complexes: Syntheses, characterization, crystal structures and antitumor activity of organotin(IV) complexes containing (R)-(+)-methylsuccinic acid, (S)-(+)-methylglutaric acid and l-(−)-malic acid ligands

Six new chiral triorganotin(IV) complexes, {(R₃Sn)₂[C₃H₆(COO)₂]}_n (R = Me: 1; Bu: 2), {(R₃Sn)₂[C₄H₈(COO)₂]}_n (R = Me: 3; Bu: 4), and {(R₃Sn)₂[C₂H₄O(COO)₂]}_n (R = Me: 5; Bu: 6) have been prepared by treatment of (R)-(+)-methylsuccinic acid, (S)-(+)-methylglutaric acid and l-(−)-malic acid, with the corresponding R₃SnCl (R = Me, Bu) and sodium ethoxide in methanol. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) spectroscopy and TGA. Except for 3, all of the complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structural analyses reveal that complexes 1 and 5 have 2D network structures in which (R)-(+)-methylsuccinic acid and l-(−)-malic acid act as tetradentate ligands coordinated to trimethyltin(IV) ions. Complexes 2 and 4 have 3D metal-organic framework structures in which the deprotoned acids serve as tetradentate ligands. Complex 6 adopts a 1D zigzag chain structure and forms a 2D supramolecular framework through intermolecular C-H?O interactions. In addition, the antitumor activities of complexes 1-6 have been studied. We also have measured the specific rotation of the chiral dicarboxylic acids and the organotin derivatives.