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1.
In this paper an efficient quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme with
authentication is presented, which is based on quantum entanglement and
polarized single photons. The present protocol uses Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen
(EPR) pairs and polarized
single photons in batches. A particle of the EPR pairs is retained
in the sender's station, and the other is transmitted forth and back
between the sender and the receiver, similar to the `ping--pong'
QSDC protocol. According to the shared information beforehand, these
two kinds of quantum states are mixed and then transmitted via a
quantum channel. The EPR pairs are used to transmit secret messages
and the polarized single photons used for authentication and
eavesdropping check. Consequently, because of the dual contributions
of the polarized single photons, no classical information is needed.
The intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency are both 1 in this
scheme as almost all of the instances are useful and each EPR pair
can be used to carry two bits of information. 相似文献
2.
Multipartite quantum secure direct communication (MQSDC) enables multiple message senders to simultaneously and independently transmit secret messages to a message receiver through quantum channels without sharing keys. Existing MQSDC protocols all assume that all the communication parties are legal, which is difficult to guarantee in practical applications. In this study, a single-photon based three-party QSDC protocol with identity authentication is proposed. In the protocol, the message receiver first authenticates the identity of two practical message senders. Only when the identity authentication is passed, the legal message senders can encode their messages by the hyper-encoding technology. In theory, two bits of messages can be transmitted to the message receiver in a communication round. The protocol can resist the external attack and internal attack, and guarantee the security of the transmitted messages and the identity codes of each legal message sender. The secret message capacity of the protocol is simulated with two-decoy-state method. The maximal communication distance between any two communication parties can reach 31.75 km with weak signal and decoy state pulses. The three-party QSDC protocol can be extended to a general MQSDC protocol and has important application in the further practical MQSDC field. 相似文献
3.
Economical quantum secure direct communication network with single photons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper a scheme for quantum secure direct communication
(QSDC) network is proposed with a sequence of polarized single
photons. The single photons are prepared originally in the same
state $\vert 0\rangle$ by the servers on the network, which will
reduce the difficulty for the legitimate users to check
eavesdropping largely. The users code the information on the single
photons with two unitary operations which do not change their
measuring bases. Some decoy photons, which are produced by operating
the sample photons with a Hadamard, are used for preventing a
potentially dishonest server from eavesdropping the quantum lines
freely. This scheme is an economical one as it is the easiest way
for QSDC network communication securely. 相似文献
4.
Long Gui-lu Deng Fu-guo Wang Chuan Li Xi-han Wen Kai Wang Wan-ying 《Frontiers of Physics in China》2007,2(3):251-272
In this review article, we review the recent development of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic secure
quantum communication (DSQC) which both are used to transmit secret message, including the criteria for QSDC, some interesting
QSDC protocols, the DSQC protocols and QSDC network, etc. The difference between these two branches of quantum communication
is that DSQC requires the two parties exchange at least one bit of classical information for reading out the message in each
qubit, and QSDC does not. They are attractive because they are deterministic, in particular, the QSDC protocol is fully quantum
mechanical. With sophisticated quantum technology in the future, the QSDC may become more and more popular. For ensuring the
safety of QSDC with single photons and quantum information sharing of single qubit in a noisy channel, a quantum privacy amplification
protocol has been proposed. It involves very simple CHC operations and reduces the information leakage to a negligible small
level. Moreover, with the one-party quantum error correction, a relation has been established between classical linear codes
and quantum one-party codes, hence it is convenient to transfer many good classical error correction codes to the quantum
world. The one-party quantum error correction codes are especially designed for quantum dense coding and related QSDC protocols
based on dense coding.
相似文献
5.
Jia-Wei Ying 《中国物理 B》2022,31(12):120303-120303
The one-step quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) (Sci. Bull. 67, 367 (2022)) can effectively simplify QSDC's operation and reduce message loss. For enhancing its security under practical experimental condition, we propose two measurement-device-independent (MDI) one-step QSDC protocols, which can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices. In both protocols, the communication parties prepare identical polarization-spatial-mode two-photon hyperentangled states and construct the hyperentanglement channel by hyperentanglement swapping. The first MDI one-step QSDC protocol adopts the nonlinear-optical complete hyperentanglement Bell state measurement (HBSM) to construct the hyperentanglement channel, while the second protocol adopts the linear-optical partial HBSM. Then, the parties encode the photons in the polarization degree of freedom and send them to the third party for the hyperentanglement-assisted complete polarization Bell state measurement. Both protocols are unconditionally secure in theory. The simulation results show the MDI one-step QSDC protocol with complete HBSM attains the maximal communication distance of about 354 km. Our MDI one-step QSDC protocols may have potential applications in the future quantum secure communication field. 相似文献
6.
We propose a two-step quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with hyperentanglement in both the spatial-mode and the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. This QSDC protocol has a higher capacity than the original two-step QSDC protocol as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on hyperdense coding, this QSDC protocol has the immunity to Trojan horse attack strategies with the process for determining the number of the photons in each quantum signal as it is a one-way quantum communication protocol. 相似文献
7.
8.
We propose two schemes for realizing quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) by using a set of ordered two-photon three-dimensional hyperentangled states entangled in two degrees of freedom (DOFs) as quantum information channels. In the first scheme, the photons from Bob to Alice are transmitted only once. After insuring the security of the quantum channels, Bob encodes the secret message on his photons. Then Alice performs single-photon two-DOF Bell bases measurements on her photons. This scheme has better security than former QSDC protocols. In the second scheme, Bob transmits photons to Alice twice. After insuring the security of the quantum channels, Bob encodes the secret message on his photons. Then Alice performs two-photon Bell bases measurements on each DOF. The scheme has more information capacity than former QSDC protocols. 相似文献
9.
We propose two schemes of quantum secure direct communication (QADC) combined ideas of user authentication [Phys. Rev. A 73 (2006) 042305] and direct communication with dense coding [Phys. Rev. A. 68 (2003) 042317]. In these protocols, the privacy of authentication keys and the properties of the EPR pairs not only ensure the realization of identity authentication but also further improve the security of communication, and no secret messages are leaked even if the messages were broken. 相似文献
10.
We present in this paper a quantum secure direct communication
(QSDC) protocol by using partially entangled states. In the scheme a
third party (Trent) is introduced to authenticate the participants.
After authentication, Alice can directly, deterministically and
successfully send a secret message to Bob. The security of the
scheme is also discussed and confirmed. 相似文献
11.
Zhuo-Ru Jian Guang-Sheng Jin Tie-Jun Wang 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2016,55(3):1811-1819
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is to transmit information directly through quantum channels without generating secret keys. The efficiencies of QSDC rely on the capacity of qubits. Exploiting orbital angular momentum of single photons, we proposed a high-capacity one-time pad QSDC protocol. The information is encoded on the Hermite-Gauss mode and transmitted directly on the Laguerre-Gauss mode of the photon pluses. The proposed system provides a high coding space, and the proposed protocol is robust against collective-dephasing channel noise. 相似文献
12.
LiLi Wang WenPing Ma MeiLing Wang DongSu Shen 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2016,55(5):2490-2499
We present an efficient three-party quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with single photos in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. The three legal parties’ messages can be encoded on the polarization and the spatial-mode states of single photons independently with desired unitary operations. A party can obtain the other two parties’ messages simultaneously through a quantum channel. Because no extra public information is transmitted in the classical channels, the drawback of information leakage or classical correlation does not exist in the proposed scheme. Moreover, the comprehensive security analysis shows that the presented QSDC network protocol can defend the outsider eavesdropper’s several sorts of attacks. Compared with the single photons with only one degree of freedom, our protocol based on the single photons in two degrees of freedom has higher capacity. Since the preparation and the measurement of single photon quantum states in both the polarization and the spatial-mode degrees of freedom are available with current quantum techniques, the proposed protocol is practical. 相似文献
13.
ZengRong Zhou Yu Bo Sheng PengHao Niu LiuGuo Yin GuiLu Long Lajos Hanzo 《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2020,(3):2-7
Quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)is a unique technique,which supports the secure transmission of confidential information directly through a quantum channel without the need for a secret key and for ciphertext.Hence this secure communication protocol fundamentally differs from its conventional counterparts.In this article,we report the first measurement-deviceindependent(MDI)QSDC protocol relying on sequences of entangled photon pairs and single photons.Explicitly,it eliminates the security loopholes associated with the measurement device.Additionally,this MDI technique is capable of doubling the communication distance of its conventional counterpart operating without using our MDI technique.We also conceive a protocol associated with linear optical Bell-basis measurements,where only two of the four Bell-basis states could be measured.When the number of qubits in a sequence reduces to 1,the MDI-QSDC protocol degenerates to a deterministic MDI quantum key distribution protocol. 相似文献
14.
利用两粒子纠缠态作为经典信息的载体,结合Hash函数和量子本地操作提出了一种可以实现双向认证功能的量子秘密共享方案,并且分析了它的安全性. 这种方案的安全性基于秘密共享双方的认证密钥和传输过程中粒子排列次序的保密. 若不考虑认证和窃听检测所消耗的粒子,平均1个Bell态共享2 bit经典信息.
关键词:
量子秘密共享
认证密钥
量子双向认证
两粒子量子纠缠 相似文献
15.
This work presents two robust quantum secure communication schemes with authentication based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs, which can withstand collective noises. Two users previously share an identity string representing their identities. The identity string is encoded as decoherence-free states (termed logical qubits), respectively, over the two collective noisy channels, which are used as decoy photons. By using the decoy photons, both the authentication of two users and the detection of eavesdropping were implemented. The use of logical qubits not only guaranteed the high fidelity of exchanged secret message, but also prevented the eavesdroppers to eavesdrop beneath a mask of noise. 相似文献
16.
Fault tolerant quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption against collective noise 下载免费PDF全文
We present two novel quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) protocols over different collective-noise channels.Different from the previous QSDC schemes over collective-noise channels,which are all source-encrypting protocols,our two protocols are based on channel-encryption.In both schemes,two authorized users first share a sequence of EPR pairs as their reusable quantum key.Then they use their quantum key to encrypt and decrypt the secret message carried by the decoherence-free states over the collective-noise channel.In theory,the intrinsic efficiencies of both protocols are high since there is no need to consume any entangled states including both the quantum key and the information carriers except the ones used for eavesdropping checks.For checking eavesdropping,the two parties only need to perform two-particle measurements on the decoy states during each round.Finally,we make a security analysis of our two protocols and demonstrate that they are secure. 相似文献
17.
GU Bin * ZHANG ChengYi CHENG GuoSheng & HUANG YuGai College of Math Physics Nanjing University of Information Science Technology Nanjing China Photonic Technology Laboratory School of Math Physics Queen’s University Belfast Belfast BT NN U.K. Jiangsu Institute of Education Nanjing 《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2011,(5)
We present two robust quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) schemes with a quantum one-time pad over a collective-noise channel. Each logical qubit is made up of two physical qubits and it is invariant over a collective-noise channel. The two photons in each logical qubit can be produced with a practically entangled source, i.e., a parametric down-conversion source with a beta barium borate crystal and a pump pulse of ultraviolet light. The information is encoded on each logical qubit with two logical ... 相似文献
18.
This paper proposes a circular threshold quantum secret sharing (TQSS) scheme with polarized single photons. A polarized single photon sequence runs circularly among any t or more of n parties and any t or more of n parties can reconstruct the secret key when they collaborate. It shows that entanglement is not necessary for quantum secret sharing. Moreover, the theoretic efficiency is improved to approach 100% as the single photons carrying the secret key are deterministically forwarded among any t or more of n parties, and each photon can carry one bit of information without quantum storage. This protocol is feasible with current technology. 相似文献
19.
Ahmed Farouk J. Batle M. Elhoseny Mosayeb Naseri Muzaffar Lone Alex Fedorov Majid Alkhambashi Syed Hassan Ahmed M. Abdel-Aty 《Frontiers of Physics》2018,13(2):130306
Quantum communication provides an enormous advantage over its classical counterpart: security of communications based on the very principles of quantum mechanics. Researchers have proposed several approaches for user identity authentication via entanglement. Unfortunately, these protocols fail because an attacker can capture some of the particles in a transmitted sequence and send what is left to the receiver through a quantum channel. Subsequently, the attacker can restore some of the confidential messages, giving rise to the possibility of information leakage. Here we present a new robust General Nuser authentication protocol based on N-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, which makes eavesdropping detection more effective and secure, as compared to some current authentication protocols. The security analysis of our protocol for various kinds of attacks verifies that it is unconditionally secure, and that an attacker will not obtain any information about the transmitted key. Moreover, as the number of transferred key bits N becomes larger, while the number of users for transmitting the information is increased, the probability of effectively obtaining the transmitted authentication keys is reduced to zero. 相似文献
20.
量子安全直接通信研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要地介绍了量子安全直接通信的必要条件,初步介绍了两个量子安全直接通信模型,即Two-Step和Quantum-One-Time-Pad模型。 The requirements of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) are briefly introduced. Two QSDC schemes i. e. , the Two-Step QSDC scheme and the Quantum-One-Time-Pad QSDC scheme, are discussed in brief. 相似文献