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1.
Let \({q\geqq2}\) be an integer and denote S(n) the sum of the digits in base q of the positive integer n. Our main result is to estimate the sum \({\Sigma_{n\leqq x}\tilde{\omega}(n)}\) where \({\tilde{\omega}(n)}\) is the number of distinct prime factors p of n such that \({S(p) \equiv a \,{\rm mod} \,b \,(a \in \mathbb{Z}, b\geqq 2)}\) . 相似文献
2.
Rolf Trautner 《Analysis Mathematica》1984,10(1):43-51
По определению после довательность {μ n пр инадлежит классуG s , если звезда М иттагЛеффлера произвольного степе нного ряда (1) $$\mathop \sum \limits_0^\infty a_n z^n , \mathop {lim sup}\limits_{n \to \infty } \left| {a_n } \right|^{1/n}< \infty $$ , совпадает со звёздам и Миттаг-Леффлера сте пенных рядов $$\mathop \sum \limits_0^\infty \mu _n a_n z^n ,\mathop \sum \limits_0^\infty \mu _n^{ - 1} a_n z^n $$ . В работе установлены следующие утвержден ия Теорема 1.Для произво льной последователь ности ? n с условиями $$0< \varphi _n< 1,\mathop {lim}\limits_{n \to \infty } \varphi _n = 0,\mathop {lim}\limits_{n \to \infty } \varphi _n^{1/n} = 1$$ существует неубываю щая функция χ(t) такая, ч то моменты \(\mu _n = \int\limits_0^1 {t^n d\chi (t)} \) удовлетворяют условию 0<μnn звезда М иттаг-Леффлера любог о ряда (1) совпадает со звездой МиттагЛеффлера степенных рядов . Теорема 2. Для произвол ьной неотрицательно й последовательности {аn} с условием {a n } и для любой последов ательности {?n} для к оторой 0n<1, \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \varepsilon _n = 0\) сущест вуютπ={π n }∈G s и последовательнос ть {пi} такие, что anμn≦1 (n≧n0), \(a_{n_i } \mu _{\mu _i } \geqq exp( - \varepsilon _{n_i } )\) (i=1, 2, ...) и при эmom звезда Миттаг-Леффлера ряда (1) совпа дает со звездой Миттаг- Леффлера степенных р ядов . 相似文献
3.
András Sárközy 《Periodica Mathematica Hungarica》2013,66(2):201-210
If m ∈ ?, ? m is the additive group of the modulo m residue classes, $\mathcal{A} \subset \mathbb{Z}_m$ and n ∈ ?, ? m , then let $R\left( {\mathcal{A},n} \right)$ denote the number of solutions of a+a′ = n with $a,a' \in \mathcal{A}$ . The variation $V(\mathcal{A}) = \mathop {\max }\limits_{n \in \mathbb{Z}_m } |R(\mathcal{A},n + 1) - R(\mathcal{A},n)|$ is estimated in terms of the number of a’s with $a - 1 \notin \mathcal{A}$ , $a \in \mathcal{A}$ . 相似文献
4.
A. A. Irmatov 《Acta Appl Math》2001,68(1-3):211-226
Two approaches on estimating the number of threshold functions which were recently developed by the author are discussed. Let P(K,n) denote the number of threshold functions in K-valued logic. The first approach establishes that $$P(K,n + 1) \geqslant \frac{1}{2}\left( {\mathop {K^{n - 1} }\limits_{\left\lfloor {n - 4 - 2\frac{n}{{\log _K n}}} \right\rfloor } } \right)P\left( {K,\left\lfloor {{\text{2}}\frac{n}{{\log _K n}} + 3} \right\rfloor } \right).$$ The key argument of investigation is the generalization of the result of Odlyzko on subspaces spanned by random selections of ±1-vectors. Let $E_K = \{ 0,1 \ldots ,K - 1\} $ and let E denote the set of all vectors $w_i ,i = 1, \ldots ,K^n $ , which have the form $(1,a_1 , \ldots ,a_n ),a_i \in E_K $ . Denote by $\Lambda _n (K)$ the number of all collections of different vectors $(w_{i_1 } , \ldots ,w_{i_n } ),2 \leqslant i_1 , \ldots ,i_n \leqslant \mathbb{K}^n $ , such that, for any k, $1 \leqslant k \leqslant n$ , the vector $w_{i_k } $ is minimal among all vectors from the set $E \cap {\text{span}}(w_{i_k } , \ldots ,w_{i_n } )$ . The second approach is based on topology-combinatorical techniques and allows to establish the following inequality $P(K,n) \geqslant 2\Lambda _n (K)$ . 相似文献
5.
A partial orthomorphism of ${\mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ is an injective map ${\sigma : S \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ such that ${S \subseteq \mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ and ??(i)?Ci ? ??(j)? j (mod n) for distinct ${i, j \in S}$ . We say ?? has deficit d if ${|S| = n - d}$ . Let ??(n, d) be the number of partial orthomorphisms of ${\mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ of deficit d. Let ??(n, d) be the number of partial orthomorphisms ?? of ${\mathbb{Z}_n}$ of deficit d such that ??(i) ? {0, i} for all ${i \in S}$ . Then ??(n, d) =???(n, d)n 2/d 2 when ${1\,\leqslant\,d < n}$ . Let R k, n be the number of reduced k ×?n Latin rectangles. We show that $$R_{k, n} \equiv \chi (p, n - p)\frac{(n - p)!(n - p - 1)!^{2}}{(n - k)!}R_{k-p,\,n-p}\,\,\,\,(\rm {mod}\,p)$$ when p is a prime and ${n\,\geqslant\,k\,\geqslant\,p + 1}$ . In particular, this enables us to calculate some previously unknown congruences for R n, n . We also develop techniques for computing ??(n, d) exactly. We show that for each a there exists??? a such that, on each congruence class modulo??? a , ??(n, n-a) is determined by a polynomial of degree 2a in n. We give these polynomials for ${1\,\leqslant\,a\,\leqslant 6}$ , and find an asymptotic formula for ??(n, n-a) as n ?? ??, for arbitrary fixed a. 相似文献
6.
In the present study, we consider isometric immersions ${f : M \rightarrow \tilde{M}(c)}$ of (2n + 1)-dimensional invariant submanifold M 2n+1 of (2m + 1) dimensional Sasakian space form ${\tilde{M}^{2m+1}}$ of constant ${ \varphi}$ -sectional curvature c. We have shown that if f satisfies the curvature condition ${\overset{\_}{R}(X, Y) \cdot \sigma =Q(g, \sigma)}$ then either M 2n+1 is totally geodesic, or ${||\sigma||^{2}=\frac{1}{3}(2c+n(c+1)),}$ or ${||\sigma||^{2}(x) > \frac{1}{3}(2c+n(c+1)}$ at some point x of M 2n+1. We also prove that ${\overset{\_ }{R}(X, Y)\cdot \sigma = \frac{1}{2n}Q(S, \sigma)}$ then either M 2n+1 is totally geodesic, or ${||\sigma||^{2}=-\frac{2}{3}(\frac{1}{2n}\tau -\frac{1}{2}(n+2)(c+3)+3)}$ , or ${||\sigma||^{2}(x) > -\frac{2}{3}(\frac{1}{2n} \tau (x)-\frac{1}{2} (n+2)(c+3)+3)}$ at some point x of M 2n+1. 相似文献
7.
Let F n be the nth Fibonacci number. The Fibonomial coefficients \(\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\ \end{array} } \right]_F\) are defined for n ≥ k > 0 as follows $$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\ \end{array} } \right]_F = \frac{{F_n F_{n - 1} \cdots F_{n - k + 1} }} {{F_1 F_2 \cdots F_k }},$$ with \(\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ 0 \\ \end{array} } \right]_F = 1\) and \(\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\ \end{array} } \right]_F = 0\) . In this paper, we shall provide several identities among Fibonomial coefficients. In particular, we prove that $$\sum\limits_{j = 0}^{4l + 1} {\operatorname{sgn} (2l - j)\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {4l + 1} \\ j \\ \end{array} } \right]_F F_{n - j} = \frac{{F_{2l - 1} }} {{F_{4l + 1} }}\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {4l + 1} \\ {2l} \\ \end{array} } \right]_F F_{n - 4l - 1} ,}$$ holds for all non-negative integers n and l. 相似文献
8.
Igor E. Shparlinski 《Archiv der Mathematik》2014,102(6):545-554
We obtain a lower bound on the number of distinct squarefree parts of the discriminants n n + (?1) n (n?1) n-1 of trinomials \({X^n - X - 1\in \mathbb{Z}[X]}\) for \({1 \leqslant n \leqslant N}\) . 相似文献
9.
L. Leindler 《Analysis Mathematica》1979,5(1):51-65
В НАстОьЩЕЕ ВРЕМь ИжВ ЕстНО МНОгО УтВЕРжДЕ НИИ тИпА тЕОРЕМ ВлОжЕНИь, кОтО РыЕ ФОР-МУлИРУУтсь В тЕРМИНАх МОДУлЕИ НЕ пРЕРыВНОстИ. ДАННАь РАБОтА сОДЕРж Ит НЕскОлькО тЕОРЕМ В лОжЕНИь с УслОВИьМИ, ВыРАжЕННы МИ В тЕРМИНАх НАИлУЧшИх п РИБлИжЕНИИE n(?,p) ФУНкц ИИ ? тРИгОНОМЕтРИЧЕскИМ И пОлИНОМАМИ пОРьДкАn В МЕтРИкЕL p: И сслЕДУЕтсь ВлОжЕНИЕ клАссАE(α,p) ФУНкцИИ ИжL p, УДОВлЕтВОРьУ-ЩИх Дль жАДАННОИ МОНОтОН НО УБыВАУЩЕИ к НУлУ пОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ α={Аn} УслОВИУ $$E_n (f,p) \leqq M\alpha _n (M = M(f))< \infty ;n = 1,2,...).$$ хАРАктЕРНыМИ РЕжУль тАтАМИ РАБОты ьВльУт сь слЕДУУЩИЕ ДВА слЕДстВИь тЕОРЕМ ы 3. слЕДстВИЕ 1. пУстьР≧1И Β>?1.ЕслИ пОслЕДОВАтЕльНОсть {αn} УДОВлЕтВОРьЕт УслОВИУ: , тО Дль ВлОжЕНИь $$E(\alpha ,p) \subset L^p (\ln + L)^{\beta + 1} $$ НЕОБхОДИМО И ДОстАтОЧНО $$\mathop \sum \limits_{n = 2}^\infty \frac{{(\ln n)\beta }}{n}\alpha _n^p< \infty .$$ слЕДстВИЕ 2.ЕслИ v>p≧1,Β≧0 И {Аn} УДОВлЕтВОРьЕт УслОВИУ (1),тО Дль ВлОжЕ НИь $$E(\alpha ,p) \subset L^\nu (\ln + L)^\beta $$ НЕОБхОДИМО И ДОстАтО ЧНО $$\mathop \sum \limits_{n = 2}^\infty n^{\nu /p - 2} (\ln + n)^\beta \alpha _n^\nu< \infty ,$$ 相似文献
10.
E. A. Grechnikov 《Mathematical Notes》2010,88(5-6):819-826
For the sum S of the Legendre symbols of a polynomial of odd degree n ≥ 3 modulo primes p ≥ 3, Weil’s estimate |S| ≤ (n ? 1) $ \sqrt p $ and Korobov’s estimate $$ \left| S \right| \leqslant (n - 1)\sqrt {p - \frac{{(n - 3)(n - 4)}} {4}} forp \geqslant \frac{{n^2 + 9}} {2} $$ are well known. In this paper, we prove a stronger estimate, namely, $$ \left| S \right| < (n - 1)\sqrt {p - \frac{{(n - 3)(n + 1)}} {4}} $$ . 相似文献
11.
Let ${(\phi, \psi)}$ be an (m, n)-valued pair of maps ${\phi, \psi : X \multimap Y}$ , where ${\phi}$ is an m-valued map and ${\psi}$ is n-valued, on connected finite polyhedra. A point ${x \in X}$ is a coincidence point of ${\phi}$ and ${\psi}$ if ${\phi(x) \cap \psi(x) \neq \emptyset}$ . We define a Nielsen coincidence number ${N(\phi : \psi)}$ which is a lower bound for the number of coincidence points of all (m, n)-valued pairs of maps homotopic to ${(\phi, \psi)}$ . We calculate ${N(\phi : \psi)}$ for all (m, n)-valued pairs of maps of the circle and show that ${N(\phi : \psi)}$ is a sharp lower bound in that setting. Specifically, if ${\phi}$ is of degree a and ${\psi}$ of degree b, then ${N(\phi : \psi) = \frac{|an - bm|}{\langle m, n \rangle}}$ , where ${\langle m, n \rangle}$ is the greatest common divisor of m and n. In order to carry out the calculation, we obtain results, of independent interest, for n-valued maps of compact connected Lie groups that relate the Nielsen fixed point number of Helga Schirmer to the Nielsen root number of Michael Brown. 相似文献
12.
Consider families of subsets of [n]:?=?{1,2,...,n} that do no contain a given poset P as a subposet. Let La(n, P) denote the largest size of such families and h(P) denote the height of P. The best known general upper bound for La(n, P) is $\left(\frac{1}{2}(|P|+h(P))-1\right)\left( \begin{array}{l}\,\,\,n \\ \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor\end{array}\right)$ , due to Bursi and Nagy (2012). This paper provides an improved upper bound $\frac{1}{m+1} \left(|P|+\frac{1}{2}(m^2+3m-2)(h(P)-1)-1\right) \left( \begin{array}{l} \,\,\,n \\ \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor\end{array}\right) $ , where m can be any positive integer less than $\lceil \frac{n}{2}\rceil$ . 相似文献
13.
Let \(\chi _0^n = \left\{ {X_t } \right\}_0^n \) be a martingale such that 0≦Xi≦1;i=0, …,n. For 0≦p≦1 denote by ? p n the set of all such martingales satisfying alsoE(X0)=p. Thevariation of a martingale χ 0 n is denoted byV 0 n and defined by \(V(\chi _0^n ) = E\left( {\sum {_{l = 0}^{n - 1} } \left| {X_{l + 1} - X_l } \right|} \right)\) . It is proved that $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left\{ {\mathop {Sup}\limits_{x_0^n \in \mathcal{M}_p^n } \left[ {\frac{1}{{\sqrt n }}V(\chi _0^n )} \right]} \right\} = \phi (p)$$ , where ?(p) is the well known normal density evaluated at itsp-quantile, i.e. $$\phi (p) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt {2\pi } }}\exp ( - \frac{1}{2}\chi _p^2 ) where \int_{ - \alpha }^{x_p } {\frac{1}{{\sqrt {2\pi } }}\exp ( - \frac{1}{2}\chi ^2 )} dx = p$$ . A sequence of martingales χ 0 n ,n=1,2, … is constructed so as to satisfy \(\lim _{n \to \infty } (1/\sqrt n )V(\chi _0^n ) = \phi (p)\) . 相似文献
14.
Let {X k,i ; i ≥ 1, k ≥ 1} be a double array of nondegenerate i.i.d. random variables and let {p n ; n ≥ 1} be a sequence of positive integers such that n/p n is bounded away from 0 and ∞. In this paper we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic distribution of the largest entry ${L_{n}={\rm max}_{1\leq i < j\leq p_{n}}|\hat{\rho}^{(n)}_{i,j}|}$ of the sample correlation matrix ${{\bf {\Gamma}}_{n}=(\hat{\rho}_{i,j}^{(n)})_{1\leq i,j\leq p_{n}}}$ where ${\hat{\rho}^{(n)}_{i,j}}$ denotes the Pearson correlation coefficient between (X 1,i , ..., X n,i )′ and (X 1,j ,...,X n,j )′. Write ${F(x)= \mathbb{P}(|X_{1,1}|\leq x), x\geq0}$ , ${W_{c,n}={\rm max}_{1\leq i < j\leq p_{n}}|\sum_{k=1}^{n}(X_{k,i}-c)(X_{k,j}-c)|}$ , and ${W_{n}=W_{0,n},n\geq1,c\in(-\infty,\infty)}$ . Under the assumption that ${\mathbb{E}|X_{1,1}|^{2+\delta} < \infty}$ for some δ > 0, we show that the following six statements are equivalent: $$ {\bf (i)} \quad \lim_{n \to \infty} n^{2}\int\limits_{(n \log n)^{1/4}}^{\infty}\left( F^{n-1}(x) - F^{n-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{n \log n}}{x}\right) \right) dF(x) = 0,$$ $$ {\bf (ii)}\quad n \mathbb{P}\left ( \max_{1 \leq i < j \leq n}|X_{1,i}X_{1,j} | \geq \sqrt{n \log n}\right ) \to 0 \quad{\rm as}\,n \to \infty,$$ $$ {\bf (iii)}\quad \frac{W_{\mu, n}}{\sqrt {n \log n}}\stackrel{\mathbb{P}}{\rightarrow} 2\sigma^{2},$$ $$ {\bf (iv)}\quad \left ( \frac{n}{\log n}\right )^{1/2} L_{n} \stackrel{\mathbb{P}}{\rightarrow} 2,$$ $$ {\bf (v)}\quad \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\mathbb{P}\left (\frac{W_{\mu, n}^{2}}{n \sigma^{4}} - a_{n}\leq t \right ) = \exp \left \{ - \frac{1}{\sqrt{8\pi}} e^{-t/2}\right \}, - \infty < t < \infty,$$ $$ {\bf (vi)}\quad \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\mathbb{P}\left (n L_{n}^{2} - a_{n}\leq t \right ) = \exp \left \{ - \frac{1}{\sqrt{8 \pi}} e^{-t/2}\right \}, - \infty < t < \infty$$ where ${\mu=\mathbb{E}X_{1,1}, \sigma^{2}=\mathbb{E}(X_{1,1} - \mu)^{2}}$ , and a n = 4 log p n ? log log p n . The equivalences between (i), (ii), (iii), and (v) assume that only ${\mathbb{E}X_{1,1}^{2} < \infty}$ . Weak laws of large numbers for W n and L n , n ≥ 1, are also established and these are of the form ${W_{n}/n^{\alpha}\stackrel{\mathbb{P}}{\rightarrow} 0}\,(\alpha > 1/2)$ and ${n^{1-\alpha}L_{n}\stackrel{\mathbb{P}}{\rightarrow} 0}\,(1/2 < \alpha \leq 1)$ , respectively. The current work thus provides weak limit analogues of the strong limit theorems of Li and Rosalsky as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic distribution of L n obtained by Jiang. Some open problems are also posed. 相似文献
15.
Let $\mathcal{T}_{n}$ be the semigroup of all full transformations on the finite set X n ={1,2,…,n}. For 1≤r≤n, set $\mathcal {T}(n, r)=\{ \alpha\in\mathcal{T}_{n} | \operatorname{rank}(\alpha)\leq r\}$ . In this note we show that, for 2≤r≤n?2, any maximal regular subsemigroup of the semigroup $\mathcal{T} (n,r)$ is idempotent generated, but this may not happen in the semigroup $\mathcal{T}(n, n-1)$ . 相似文献
16.
In this paper we obtain the first non-trivial lower bound on the number of disjoint empty convex pentagons in planar points sets. We show that the number of disjoint empty convex pentagons in any set of n points in the plane, no three on a line, is at least $\left\lfloor {\tfrac{{5n}} {{47}}} \right\rfloor $ . This bound can be further improved to $\tfrac{{3n - 1}} {{28}} $ for infinitely many n. 相似文献
17.
Г. Г. Геворкян 《Analysis Mathematica》1988,14(3):219-251
В работе доказываютс я следующие утвержде ния. Теорема I.Пусть ? n ↓0u \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\varepsilon _n^2 = + \infty } \) .Тогд а существует множест во Е?[0, 1]с μЕ=0 такое что:1. Существует ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {a_n W_n } (t)\) с к оеффициентами ¦а n ¦≦{in¦n¦, который сх одится к нулю всюду вне E и ε∥an∥>0.2. Если b n ¦=о(ε n )и ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {b_n W_n (t)} \) сх одится к нулю всюду вн е E за исключением быть может некоторого сче тного множества точе к, то b n =0для всех п. Теорема 3.Пусть ? n ↓0u \(\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \frac{{\varepsilon _n }}{{\varepsilon _{2n} }}< \sqrt 2 \) Тогд а существует множест во E?[0, 1] с υ E=0 такое, что:
- Существует ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^{ + \infty } {a_n e^{inx} ,} \sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\left| {a_n } \right|} > 0,\) кот орый сходится к нулю в сюду вне E и ¦an≦¦n¦ для n=±1, ±2, ...
- Если ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^{ + \infty } {b_n e^{inx} } \) сходится к нулю всюду вне E и ¦bv¦=о(ε ¦n¦), то bn=0 для всех я. Теорема 5. Пусть послед овательности S(1)={ε 0 (1) , ε 1 (1) , ε 2 (1) , ...} u S2=ε 0 (2) , ε 1 (2) . ε 2 (2) монотонно стремятся к нулю, \(\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \varepsilon ^{(i)} /\varepsilon _{2n}^{(i)}< 2,i = 1,2\) , причем \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \varepsilon _n^{(2)} /\varepsilon _n^{(i)} = + \infty \) . Тогда для каждого ε>O н айдется множество Е? [-π,π], μE >2π — ε, которое является U(S1), но не U(S1) — множеством для тригонометричес кой системы. Аналог теоремы 5 для си стемы Уолша был устан овлен в [7].
18.
O. M. Fomenko 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2003,118(1):4904-4909
Let $f(x,y,x,w) = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + Dw^2$ , where $D >1$ is an integer such that $D \ne d^2$ and ${{\sqrt n } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\sqrt n } {\sqrt D = n^\theta , 0 < \theta < {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\sqrt D = n^\theta , 0 < \theta < {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}}$ . Let $rf(n)$ be the number of representations of n by f. It is proved that $r_f (n) = \pi ^2 \frac{n}{{\sqrt D }}\sigma _f (n) + O\left( {\frac{{n^{1 + \varepsilon - c(\theta )} }}{{\sqrt D }}} \right),$ where $\sigma _f (n)$ is the singular series, $c(\theta ) >0$ , and ε is an arbitrarily small positive constant. Bibliography: 14 titles. 相似文献
19.
F. Schipp 《Analysis Mathematica》1976,2(1):49-64
Изучается поточечна я сходимость операто ров \(\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {T_n } \) Тn, где оператор связан с операторомЕ n условного математического ожи дания относительно некоторой σ-алгебры $$T_n \circ (E_n - E_{n - 1} ) = (E_n - E_{n - 1} ) \circ T_n = T_n .$$ соотношениемno(Еn?Еn?1)=(Еn?Еn?1)oТn=Тn. Доказано, что огранич енностьТ n влечет пот очечную сходимость ряда \(\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {T_n } \) По лученные результаты находят п рименения в исследов ании сходимости в метрикеL p рядов по системам произвoдени й некоторых систем. В ч астности, доказано, чтокаждый ряд Фурье по ортогональной сис теме Виленкина сходи тся в метрикеL p для 1<р<∞. 相似文献