The derivation of the characteristic function and the spectral density distribution of a Hamiltonian of N‐coupled morse oscillators: The large N‐limit

This paper reports a derivation of the characteristic function and the frequency function of spectral density distribution of a Hamiltonian representing a system of N‐coupled Morse oscillators. The procedure utilized previously evaluated large‐N expressions for spectral density distribution moments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

A calculation of the isotropic and anisotropic spectral moments of the dipole oscillator strength distribution of N2

We calculate a range of isotropic and anisotropic spectral moments of the dipole oscillator strength distribution for N₂ in the random phase approximation. The internuclear dependence of, in particular, S∥(k) is nonnegligible and vibrationally averaged moments are reported. The results are compared to other calculations and to experiment when available, and we conclude that the scheme gives reliable results. Based on our results, we predict a 10% anisotropy in the stopping power of oriented N₂ molecules.     

Proton polarization transfer in natural abundance 15N NMR studies of E- and Z-isomers of N-alkylformamides

Proton polarization transfer has been used for the convenient observation of proton coupled natural abundance ¹⁵N NMR spectra of the E- and Z-isomers of N-methylformamide at 10.14 MHz. Second-order spectral analysis is required to determine the ¹⁵N? H coupling constants, at least for the E-isomer of secondary formamides. An useful stereospecificity is observed for both the one- and two-bond ¹⁵N? H coupling constants.     

15N NMR spectroscopy 24—chemical shifts and coupling constants of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and related heterocycles

The chemical shifts of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) and cyclic or linear urethanes are less sensitive to solvent effects than those of amides and lactams. The values of the one-bond ¹⁵N? ¹H coupling constants depend on the solvent and are 5-8 Hz larger than those of ureas and amides. The ¹⁵N? ¹³C coupling constant of the N? CO group is also unusually high, while that of the N—CH group lies within the range known for N-acylated aliphatic amines. The one-bond ¹⁵N? ¹³C coupling constant was found to be insensitive to conformational changes.     

Analysis of fine splittings in the fourier transform 1H magnetic resonance spectra of some 15N labeled borazine derivatives

Proton NMR spectra are reported for ¹⁵N enriched borazine and a series of ¹⁵N enriched derivatives: N-methyl-borazine, N,N′-dimethylborazine and a new photochemical product, 1-methyl-2-aminoborazine. Chemical shifts for the ring (¹⁵N? H) protons have been measured. Using a Fourier transform spectrometer, fine structure in the ¹⁵N? H doublet is resolved. Ortho and meta ring proton and three-bond ¹⁵N to H coupling constants have been determined. Substituent effects on chemical shifts and coupling constants for borazine derivatives are compared with those for analogous benzene derivatives.     

Density of levels in vibrational spectra of molecules

Density distribution of the discrete spectrum of a Hamiltonian which represents a system of N-coupled oscillators and, hence may describe molecular vibrations in the local mode approximation, is analyzed. The spectral density moments are expressed as linear combinations of products of coefficients which depend on the molecular topology (analogs of the propagation coefficients in the statistical theory of nuclear and atomic spectra) and of one-particle moments describing individual bonds and interactions between them. The dependence of the first three moments of the energy-level density on the structural parameters of the molecule is discussed. Detailed expressions for several special cases are derived. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63 : 835–842, 1997     

15N NMR of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives

In this article, we describe the characteristic ¹⁵N and ¹H_N NMR chemical shifts and ¹J(¹⁵N–¹H) coupling constants of various symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives. The NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants are discussed in terms of their relationship to structural features such as character and position of the substituent in heterocycle, N‐alkyl substitution, nitrogen lone pair delocalization within the conjugated system, and steric effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative DFT study of N2 and no adsorption on vanadium clusters Vn (n = 2–13)

Using gradient‐corrected density functional theory, we have comparatively studied the adsorption properties of diatomic molecules N₂ and NO on vanadium clusters up to 13 atoms. Spontaneous dissociation is found for N₂ adsorbing on V_n with n = 4–6, 12, and for NO with n = 3–12, respectively, whereas for the rest of the clusters, N₂ (NO) molecularly adsorbs on the cluster for all the possible sites. The incoming N₂ retains the magnetism of V_n except for V₂ and V₆ whose moments are quenched from 2 μ_B to zero. Consequently, the moments of V_nN₂ (n = 2–13) show even/odd oscillation between 0 and 1 μ_B. On the adsorption of NO, the magnetic moments of V_n with closed electronic shell are raised to 1 μ_B at n = 4, 8, and 10, and 3 μ_B at n = 12, whereas for open shell clusters, their magnetic moments increase for n = 5 and 9 and decrease for n = 2, 3, 5–7, 11, and 13 by 1 μ_B. These findings are rationalized by combinatory analysis from several aspects, for example, the geometry and stability of bare clusters, charge transfer induced by the adsorption, feature of frontier orbitals, and spin density distribution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of creatine,creatinine and some of their analogs

Creatine (N-methyl-N-amidinoglycine), creatinine (1-methyl-2-aminoimidazolin-4-one) and a series of 38 of their close structural analogs have been examined using natural abundance ¹³C NMR spectroscopy at 25.16 MHz. Both proton-coupled and proton noise-decoupled spectra were recorded. Unequivocal assignments of the carbon resonances could be made in the vast majority of cases. Both ¹³C NMR chemical shifts and ¹J(CH) values can be used to characterize and to differentiate readily between analogs of creatine and analogs of creatinine. For example, the ¹J(CH) coupling constants for the α-carbons of the acyclic creatine analogs were all in the 140–142 Hz range, whereas the corresponding coupling constants for the related, cyclized creatinine analogs were all in the 150–152 Hz range.     

Symmetric‐group‐based methods in quantum chemistry

The eigenvalue problem of a Hamiltonian represented in a finite-dimensional model space being the N-electron subspace of the 2K-spinorbital Fock space is analyzed. It is pointed out that the permutation group S _N is a very convenient framework for this analysis. The resulting approach is known as the symmetric group approach to the N-electron problem. Its applications to construction of a basis in the model space, to the evaluation of matrix elements of spin‐independent and of spin‐dependent operators and, finally, to solution of the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian are briefly reviewed. Recently developed applications of the symmetric group to studies of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian spectra and to evaluation of spectral density distribution moments are also dicussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of isocoumarin,N-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone and related compounds

The ¹³C NMR spectra of isocoumarin, N-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone and 14 of their 3- and/or 4-substituted derivatives were measured and assigned with the aid of various spectral techniques. The values of the one-bond and some of the long-range ¹³C-¹³C-¹H coupling constants are reported. The effect of substitution on the ¹³C chemical shifts is discussed.     

Vibrational Properties of [FeH(N2)(depe)2]+ and [FeCl(N2)(depe)2]+]: Dinitrogen Bonding in the Low Activation Limit

The vibrational properties of the two octahedral Fe^II dinitrogen complexes [FeH(N₂)(depe)₂]⁺ ( 1 ) and [FeCl(N₂)(depe)₂]⁺ ( 2 , depe = 1, 2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) are investigated with the help of infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Vibrational data are evaluated with a Quantum Chemistry Assisted Normal Coordinate Analysis (QCA‐NCA; N. Lehnert, F. Tuczek, Inorg. Chem. 1999 , 38, 1659). In agreement with high values found for ν(NN) and the corresponding force constants f(NN), the N₂ ligands in compounds 1 and 2 are non‐activated which corresponds to the observation that N₂ is not protonable in Fe^II systems. Taking into account the short Fe‐N bond lengths, the values of the Fe‐N stretching force constants (2.55mdyn/Å for 1 and 2.58mdyn/Å for 2 ) are found to be compatible with those of other Fe^II low‐spin compounds coordinated to backbonding N‐coordinating ligands. The force fields obtained for the Fe‐N₂ units of 1 and 2 are almost identical although the thermal stability of 1 and 2 with respect to loss of N₂ is different. This indicates that the zero‐point vibrational levels are unaffected by possible ground‐state level crossing processes occuring at larger Fe‐N bond lengths, as observed for 2 (O. Franke, B. E. Wiesler, N. Lehnert, C. Näther, V. Ksenofontov, J. Neuhausen, F. Tuczek, Inorg. Chem. 2002 , 41, 3491).     

One-bond 1J(15N,H) coupling constants at sp2-hybridized nitrogen of Schiff bases,enaminones and similar compounds: A theoretical study

¹J(¹⁵N,H) coupling constants for enaminones and NH-forms of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded Schiff bases as model compounds for sp²-hybridized nitrogen atoms are evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) to find the optimal functionals and basis sets. Ammonia is used as a test molecule and its one-bond coupling constant is compared with experiment. A methylamine Schiff base of a truncated molecule of gossypol is used for checking the performance of selected B3LYP, O3LYP, PBE, BHandH, and APFD density functionals and standard, modified, and dedicated basis sets for coupling constants. Both in vacuum and in chloroform, modeled by the simple continuum model of solvent, the modified basis sets predict significantly better the ¹J(¹⁵N,H) value in ammonia and in the methylamine Schiff base of a truncated molecule of gossypol than the standard basis sets. This procure is then used on a broad set of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded molecules, and a good correlation between calculated and experimental one-bond NH coupling constants is obtained. The ¹J(¹⁵N,H) couplings are slightly overestimated. The calculated data show for hydrogen-bonded NH interatomic distances that the calculated values depend on the NH bond lengths. The shorter the bond lengths, the larger the ¹J(¹⁵N,H). A useful correlation between ¹J(¹⁵N,H) and NH bond length is derived that enables realistic predictions of one-bond NH coupling constants. The calculations reproduce experimentally observed trends for the studied molecules.     

Synthesis of Two N,N′-bis(N,N-dialkylamide) Derivatives of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid and the Stabilities of Their Complexes with Gd3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+

Two bis(N,N-dialkylamide) derivatives of DTPA [(carboxymethyl)iminobis (ethylenenitrilo) tetraacetic acid], DTPA-BDMA = the bis(N,N-dimethylamide) and DTPA-BDEA = the bis(N,N-diethylamide) were synthesized. Their protonation constants were determined by potentiometric titration in 0.10 M Me₄NNO₃ and by NMR pH titration at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. Stability and selectivity constants were measured to evaluate the possibility of using the corresponding gadolinium(III) complexes for magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. The stability constants of gadolinium(III), copper(II), zinc(II), and calcium(II) complexes with DTPA-BDMA and DTPA-BDEA were investigated quantitatively by potentiometry. The stability constant for gadolinium(III) complexes is larger than those for Ca(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The selectivity constants and modified selectivity constants of the amides for Gd³⁺ over endogenously available metal ions were calculated. Effectiveness of these two ligands in binding divalent and trivalent metal ions in biological media is assessed by comparing pM values at physiological pH 7.4. Spin-lattice relaxivity values R₁ for Gd(III) complexes were also determined. The observed relaxivity values were found to decrease with increasing pH in the acid range below pH 4 and relaxivity values became invariant with respect to pH changes over the range of 4–10. ¹⁷O NMR shifts showed that the [Dy(DTPA-BDMA)] and [Dy(DTPA-BDEA)] complexes had one inner-sphere water molecule. Water proton spin-lattice relaxation rates for the [Gd(DTPA-BDMA)] and [Gd(DTPA-BDEA)] complexes were also consistent with one inner-sphere gadolinium(III) coordination position.     

The Radical Anions of N,N′-Dicyanoquinone Diimines,a New Class of Electron Acceptors

The radical anions of 12 N,N′-dicyanoquinone diimines, a new class of electron acceptors, hace been characterized by their hyperfine data with the use of ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy. The largest coupling constant (0.30–0.45 mT), due to the two ¹⁴N nuclei in the exocyclic positions, gives rise to a conspicuous broadening of the peripheral ESR lines by an incomplete averaging of the hyperfine anisotropy. The most plausible interpretation of the experimental results for the radical anions of N,N′-dicyano- 1,4-benzoquinone diimine ( 1 ) and N,N′-Dicyano-9,10-anthraquinone diimine ( 9 ) is in terms of both ‘syn’- and ‘anti’-configurations contributing to the ESR and ENDOR spectra and having equal proton- and ¹⁴N-coupling constants. The π-spin distribution in the radical anions of N,N′-dicyanoquinone diimines is compared with those in the analogous ions of tetracyanoquinodimethanes and quinones.     

Suppression of Formation of N,N′-Dicyclohexylurea Derivatives During DCC-Activation of Proline-Containing Dipeptides

Summary.  The syntheses of dipeptide esters containing a C-terminal L-proline moiety using carbodiimides as coupling reagents strongly depend on the choice of appropriate conditions. Thus, the use of DCC prefers the formation of the undesirable N,N′-dicyclohexylurea derivative 3 as a consequence of a CO → N-shift in the O-acyl isourea intermediate instead of the desired dipeptide ester 4. In our hands, only DIC was able to yield the desired product exclusively. E-mail: radau@pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de Received November 7, 2002; accepted December 4, 2002 Published online May 6, 2003     

Quantum investigation of non-bonded interaction between the B15N15 ring and BH2NBH2 (radical, cation, anion) systems: a nano molecularmotor

The electromagnetic non-bonded interactions of BH₂NBH₂ molecule inside the B₁₅N₁₅ ring has been investigated with B3LYP method using EPR-II and EPR-III basis sets. Optimized structures, relative stability, and hyperfine spectroscopic parameters, such as total atomic charges, spin densities, electrical potential, and isotropic Fermi coupling constants of radical, cationic, and anionic forms of BH₂NBH₂ in different loops and bonds have been calculated. The spectral properties have been contributed to explain the characteristics of hyperfine electronic structure. The calculation for the B₁₅N₁₅–BH₂NBH₂ system and then for adenine–thymine base pairs coupled with BH₂NBH₂ molecule inside the B₁₅N₁₅ ring (A–BNB–T) have been done and three quantized rotational frequencies for transitions among cationic, radical, and anionic have been calculated, too. All observed frequencies appeared in the IR rotational region. So, this system can be used for the measurement of rotational spectra related to electrical voltage differences existing in macromolecules such as proteins and DNA and membrane. Extensive calculations have been carried out on the radical, anionic, and cationic forms of BH₂NBH₂ to obtain data and it has been observed that the radial coordinate of the dipole moment vector (r) as well as the voltage differences (ΔV) and relative energies (ΔE) exhibited Gaussian distribution. We have obtained a relationship between dipole moments and the voltage differences and energies of system.     

Photodimers of cinnamic acid and related compounds. A stereochemical study by NMR

¹H NMR spectra of photodimers of cinnamic acid, chalcone and related compounds were analysed, and the spectral parameters and all the coupling constants were obtained. A clear differentiation among the head-to-head and head-to-tail stereoisomers can be obtained by considering the values of K, L, M and N parameters. The different types of hh and ht isomers can be immediately assigned by considering the relative values of the three-bond couplings. An authentic example of an A₂B₂ spin system is reported.     

Dynamic 15N NMR studies of iron phosphine complexes containing coordinated dinitrogen

The ¹⁵N‐labelled iron dinitrogen complexes trans‐[FeH(N₂)(PP)₂]⁺[BPh₄]^? (PP = dppe, depe, dmpe) and cis‐[FeH(N₂)(PP₃)]⁺[BPh₄]^? were prepared in situ by exchange of unlabelled coordinated dinitrogen with ¹⁵N₂. ¹⁵N NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants are reported. The ¹⁵N spectra exhibit separate signals for the metal‐bound and terminal nitrogen atoms of the coordinated N₂. The ¹⁵N resonances display ¹⁵N, ¹⁵N coupling as well as ³¹P, ¹⁵N coupling and long‐range ¹⁵N, ¹H coupling when there is a metal‐bound hydrido ligand. Exchange between free and coordinated dinitrogen was monitored by magnetization transfer between ¹⁵N‐labelled sites using an inversion–transfer–recovery experiment. Exchange between the metal‐bound and terminal nitrogen atoms of coordinated N₂ was also monitored by magnetization transfer and this could proceed by N₂ dissociation or by an intramolecular process. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.