高载酶量酶/酶免疫电极的制备及其电化学机理研究

本文利用扫描电镜和电化学方法确定了最佳镀铂电位,并进一步研究了酶电极和酶免疫电极在基体电极镀铂和未镀铂条件下的米氏常数、电化学反应速率常数和反应速度控制步骤。比较分析了生物电极的最佳实验条件。     

HCG酶免疫电极的电化学特性

本文在研究ＨＣＧ（人绒毛膜促性腺激素）酶免疫电极响应特性的基础上,详细讨论了电解质溶液的ｐＨ值对生物电极的响应的影响。并利用尿素对抗原抗体进行解离,探讨了生物电极的重复使用及酶活性的损失问题。     

酶/酶免疫电极最佳制备方式的确定及其微观分析

利用电化学方法测定各种实验条件下酶电极、酶免疫电极的电化学响应特性 ,以期确定这种新型生物电极的最佳制备条件 ,为生物传感器的应用提供可靠依据     

Kalman滤波用于酶反应动力学的研究

采用卡尔曼滤波研究酶反应动力学及分析，依据酶存在下过氧化氢放出氧的反应建立了扩展Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波模型，用滤波处理确定了反应速率与起始速率浓度的关系，并估算出酶反应动力学参数Ｋｍ。     

压电免疫传感器用于C2型葡萄球菌肠毒素的测定

报道了用蛋白Ａ－金电极法将抗体固化在３．５８ＭＨｚ和１０ＨｚＡＴ切割的石英晶体上，制作的可重复使用的压电免疫传感器，测定Ｃ２型葡萄球菌肠毒素。最适ＰＨ值为７，并用不同的方法测试了晶体片上的抗体固化情况。     

采用粉末微电极技术改善电流型酶电极的输出性能

由于酶反应的特异性，酶电极在检测生物底物的工作中得到了较广泛的应用，然后电流型酶电极有以下的缺点，包括响应电流低，活性组份流失电极使用寿命下降以及响应电流的非线性等。本文根据粉末酶电极模型进行了动力学分析，得出在两极极端情况下粉末酶电极的电流响应动力学公式，以及由响应电流估算表观米氏常数的方法。采用了两种粉末酶电极（Ｃ－ＰＵ－ＧＯＤ和Ｃ－ＡＱ－ＤＢＦ－ＧＯＤ）对理论分析进行了验证。实验结果与理论推     

双酶电极测定血清中抗坏血酸的研究

本文将抗坏血酸氧化酶和过氧化酶固定在玻碳电极上,制成双酶生物传感器。该生物传感器具有选择性好,灵敏度高、响应快等优点。     

白血病细胞酶联免疫酶催化银沉积于插指电极阵列电化学免疫分析新方法

建立了一种检测白血病细胞表面抗原的细胞酶联免疫电化学分析新方法. 该方法兼有细胞酶联免疫分析抗原、抗体结合的特异性和插指电极阵列酶催化银沉积电化学分析的灵敏性. 在聚苯乙烯微孔板中包被白血病细胞, 先后加入鼠抗人抗体及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)标记的马抗鼠抗体, ALP催化抗坏血酸磷酸酯(AAP)水解成抗坏血酸(AA), AA使银离子还原成银单质并沉积到插指电极阵列表面, 导致插指电极阵列上相邻两个梳齿导通. 通过对电导率的测定, 可实现对细胞表面抗原的高灵敏分析. 此分析方法灵敏度高(可检测出50个左右的HL-60细胞)、特异性好, 且可用于大量样品的分析, 为白血病等肿瘤疾病的早期诊断和免疫分型提供了新技术. 此外, 该方法也可用于细胞表面分子基因工程抗体活性的检测.     

用自制酶电极测定牛奶中残留青霉素

用自制酶电极测定牛奶中残留青霉素;生物电化学传感器;青霉素残留     

铂黑修饰酶电极测定胆碱

利用电化学方法在玻碳电极上均匀沉积亚微米粒度铂黑并进而修饰一层胆碱氧化酶膜,制成了胆碱酶电极。以计时电流法测定氯化胆碱,检测下限为 ７．４ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,线性范围２．４×１０－２～ １．０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,重现性好,使用寿命较长。     

差示扫描量热法确定L-脯氨酸的热动力学参数

利用差动热分析仪测得L 脯氨酸的差示扫描量热分析(DSC)曲线,采用普适积分法和微分方程法通过逻辑选择确定了L 脯氨酸相变和热解过程的最可几机理函数,并计算出相应的指前因子和活化能.     

Polarographic Behaviour and Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Lead-Pamoate Complex in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

The polarography of lead ion in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was investigated in the DMSO concentration range 0–80 vol.%. The complex species identified were Pb₂(DMSO)⁴⁺₃, Pb(DMSO)²⁺₃ and Pb(DMSO)²⁺₆ in [DMSO]<10 vol.%, 10< [DMSO]<43 vol.% and [DMSO]>43 vol.%, respectively. In the presence of pamoic acid, the reduction of lead ion in DMSO was two-electron reversible diffusion-controlled at pH≤6.0, but it became irreversible at pH>6.0. The complex species identified was Pb(D_m)₂(P_m)₃(OH)^6? at pH>6.0. The rate constants of electro-reduction and electro-oxidation, activation energies were determined. The hydrolysis constants of lead ion in dimethyl sulfoxide concentration 40–70 vol.% at pH 4.5–6.0 were found to be of the order of 10^?6. The stability constants of the Pb(DMSO)²⁺₃ and Pb(DMSO)²⁺₀ were also determined to be of the orders of 10¹ and 10⁵, respectively.     

Determination of the Thermal Degradation Kinetic Parameters of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Using TG

In this work, a kinetic study on the thermal degradation of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy is presented. The degradation is investigated by means of dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TG) in air and inert atmosphere at heating rates from 0.5 to 20°C min⁻¹ . Curves obtained by TG in air are quite different from those obtained in nitrogen. A three-step loss is observed during dynamic TG in air while mass loss proceeded as a two step process in nitrogen at fast heating rate. To elucidate this difference, a kinetic analysis is carried on. A kinetic model described by the Kissinger method or by the Ozawa method gives the kinetic parameters of the composite decomposition. Apparent activation energy calculated by Kissinger method in oxidative atmosphere for each step is between 40–50 kJ mol⁻¹ upper than E _a calculated in inert atmosphere. The thermo-oxidative degradation illustrated by Ozawa method shows a stable apparent activation energy (E _a ≈130 kJ mol⁻¹ ) even though the thermal degradation in nitrogen flow presents a maximum E _a for 15% mass loss (E _a ≈60 kJ mol⁻¹ ). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of Kinetic Parameters of Reject/Clay/Composites by Thermal Analysis

Thermal degradation of granite and marble industry reject (GMIR), a red clay (RC)and their composites were studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) in nitrogen atmosphere, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and derivative thermogravimetry(DTG) in air atmosphere. Measurements were made in the temperature range of 25–1000,25–1200 and 25–1400°C. The kinetic parameters were determined by Flynn–Wall and Kissinger's methods. The results indicate the absent dominance of one mechanism of reaction, and the composites show smaller values of kinetic parameters than GMIR or RC. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Decomposition of Some Chemical Compounds Used As Food Preservatives and Kinetic Parameters of This Process

Thermal decomposition processes of selected chemicals used as food preservatives such as sodium formate, sodium propionate, sodium nitrates(V and III) and sodium sulphate(IV) were examined by the derivatographic method. Based on the curves obtained, the number of decomposition stages and characteristic temperatures of these compounds have been found. Mass decrements calculated from TG curves ranged from 28.9% for sodium formate to 77.8% for sodium nitrate(V), while sodium sulphate showed a mass increment of 5.6%. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E _a ), frequency factor (A ) and reaction order (n ) were calculated from TG, DTG and T curves. Sodium formate shows the highest values of E _a and A which amount to 171.7 kJ mol^–1 and 5.8⋅10¹⁴ s^–1 , respectively, while the lowest ones, E _a =28.2 kJ mol^–1 and A =3.65⋅10² s^–1 belong to sodium nitrate(V). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kinetic Parameters of Ion-Exchange Membrane in Amino Acid Solutions

Kinetic parameters of amino acid cations in an MK-40 ion-exchange membrane are calculated from the conductivity data. A theoretical quantum-chemical analysis of experimental activation energies for conduction suggests a mechanism of elementary act of transport of amino acid cations in the membrane.     

用燐光寿命变化测定碘离子与燐光体反应动力学参数

利用I-促进系间窜越，加快发射过程，缩短磷光寿命的特点，研究I-量改变与色氨酸，色胺燐光寿命关系，分别为：τ=3．98e－0.0658x,与τ=3．5e－0.0899x,应用静态分析，推导Stern－Volmer式，计算平衡常数Ka与Ki，分别为：0．109与0．200mmol；0．027与0．051smmol－1。利用本法分析了酪氨酸，苯丙氨酸，L-色氨酸，牛血清白蛋白，葡糖苷酸酶，链霉蛋白酶，硫酸酯酶，顺-雄（甾）酮．吲满氨酯，催醒安，阿托品等的动力学参数。     

Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Phase Transition on the Basis of DTA Measurements

A simple method of determination of kinetic parameters by analysis of DTA(t) function was developed for the case of systems undergoing transitions without mass change and when kinetic equation describing transition rate is known. The presented method also permits the determination of transition rate dα/dt (or α(t )) when the kinetic equation of transition is unknown. The developed method was tested using DTA data of crystallization of 2CaO×Al₂ O₃ ×1.95SiO₂ glass pure and doped with Cr³⁺ and Nd³⁺ . This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.