Optimal vector quantization in terms of Wasserstein distance

The optimal quantizer in memory-size constrained vector quantization induces a quantization error which is equal to a Wasserstein distortion. However, for the optimal (Shannon-)entropy constrained quantization error a proof for a similar identity is still missing. Relying on principal results of the optimal mass transportation theory, we will prove that the optimal quantization error is equal to a Wasserstein distance. Since we will state the quantization problem in a very general setting, our approach includes the Rényi-α-entropy as a complexity constraint, which includes the special case of (Shannon-)entropy constrained (α=1) and memory-size constrained (α=0) quantization. Additionally, we will derive for certain distance functions codecell convexity for quantizers with a finite codebook. Using other methods, this regularity in codecell geometry has already been proved earlier by György and Linder (2002, 2003) [11] and [12].     

Reelle algebraische Funktionen mit vorgegebenen Null- und Polstellen

This note continues the investigations of Knebusch on algebraic curves over real closed fields and was initiated by reading [3]. Especially we ask for the existence of real algebraic functions with given zeroes and poles, a question going back to Witt [4]. We study the real nature of coverings of real algebraic curves, and if the covering has degree two, we get algebraic proofs for results, which in the classical case have been obtained by topological methods in [2].     

Controllability and strong controllability of differential inclusions

In this paper, we prove sufficient conditions for controllability and strong controllability in terms of the Mordukhovich subdifferential for two classes of differential inclusions. The first one is the class of sub-Lipschitz multivalued functions introduced by Loewen-Rockafellar (1994) [10]. The second one, introduced recently by Clarke (2005) [18], is the class of multivalued functions which are pseudo-Lipschitz and satisfy the so-called tempered growth condition. To do this, we establish an error bound result in terms of the Mordukhovich subdifferential outside Asplund spaces.     

Quantization of Lie bialgebras,I

In the paper [Dr3] V. Drinfeld formulated a number of problems in quantum group theory. In particular, he raised the question about the existence of a quantization for Lie bialgebras, which arose from the problem of quantization of Poisson Lie groups. When the paper [KL] appeared Drinfeld asked whether the methods of [KL] could be useful for the problem of quantization of Lie bialgebras. This paper gives a positive answer to a number of Drinfeld's questions, using the methods and ideas of [KL]. In particular, we show the existence of a quantization for Lie bialgebras. The universality and functoriality properties of this quantization will be discussed in the second paper of this series. We plan to provide positive answers to most of the remaining questions in [Dr3] in the following papers of this series.     

Koszul duality in deformation quantization and Tamarkin's approach to Kontsevich formality

Let α be a quadratic Poisson bivector on a vector space V. Then one can also consider α as a quadratic Poisson bivector on the vector space V^∗[1]. Fixed a universal deformation quantization (prediction of some complex weights to all Kontsevich graphs [12]), we have deformation quantization of the both algebras S(V^∗) and Λ(V). These are graded quadratic algebras, and therefore Koszul algebras. We prove that for some universal deformation quantization, independent on α, these two algebras are Koszul dual. We characterize some deformation quantizations for which this theorem is true in the framework of the Tamarkin's theory [19].     

Multilevel methods for mixed finite elements in three dimensions

In this paper we consider second order scalar elliptic boundary value problems posed over three–dimensional domains and their discretization by means of mixed Raviart–Thomas finite elements [18]. This leads to saddle point problems featuring a discrete flux vector field as additional unknown. Following Ewing and Wang [26], the proposed solution procedure is based on splitting the flux into divergence free components and a remainder. It leads to a variational problem involving solenoidal Raviart–Thomas vector fields. A fast iterative solution method for this problem is presented. It exploits the representation of divergence free vector fields as s of the –conforming finite element functions introduced by Nédélec [43]. We show that a nodal multilevel splitting of these finite element spaces gives rise to an optimal preconditioner for the solenoidal variational problem: Duality techniques in quotient spaces and modern algebraic multigrid theory [50, 10, 31] are the main tools for the proof. Received November 4, 1996 / Revised version received February 2, 1998     

Combinatorial vector fields and dynamical systems

In this paper we introduce the notion of a combinatorial dynamical system on any CW complex. Earlier in [Fo3] and [Fo4], we presented the idea of a combinatorial vector field (see also [Fo1] for the one-dimensional case), and studied the corresponding Morse Theory. Equivalently, we studied the homological properties of gradient vector fields (these terms were defined precisely in [Fo3], see also Sect. 2 of this paper). In this paper we broaden our investigation and consider general combinatorial vector fields. We first study the homological properties of such vector fields, generalizing the Morse Inequalities of [Fo3]. We then introduce various zeta functions which keep track of the closed orbits of the corresponding flow, and prove that these zeta functions, initially defined only on a half plane, can be analytically continued to meromorphic functions on the entire complex plane. Lastly, we review the notion of Reidemeister Torsion of a CW complex (introduced in [Re], [Fr]) and show that the torsion is equal to the value at of one of the zeta functions introduced earlier. Much of this paper can be viewed as a combinatorial analogue of the work on smooth dynamical systems presented in [P-P], [Fra], [Fri1, 2] and elsewhere. Received 2 August 1995; in final form 25 September 1996     

Nonfocusing Instabilities in Coupled, Integrable Nonlinear Schrödinger pdes

nonfocusing instabilities that exist independently of the well-known modulational instability of the focusing NLS equation. The focusing versus defocusing behavior of scalar NLS fields is a well-known model for the corresponding behavior of pulse transmission in optical fibers in the anomalous (focusing) versus normal (defocusing) dispersion regime [19], [20]. For fibers with birefringence (induced by an asymmetry in the cross section), the scalar NLS fields for two orthogonal polarization modes couple nonlinearly [26]. Experiments by Rothenberg [32], [33] have demonstrated a new type of modulational instability in a birefringent normal dispersion fiber, and he proposes this cross-phase coupling instability as a mechanism for the generation of ultrafast, terahertz optical oscillations. In this paper the nonfocusing plane wave instability in an integrable coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger (CNLS) partial differential equation system is contrasted with the focusing instability from two perspectives: traditional linearized stability analysis and integrable methods based on periodic inverse spectral theory. The latter approach is a crucial first step toward a nonlinear , nonlocal understanding of this new optical instability analogous to that developed for the focusing modulational instability of the sine-Gordon equations by Ercolani, Forest, and McLaughlin [13], [14], [15], [17] and the scalar NLS equation by Tracy, Chen, and Lee [36], [37], Forest and Lee [18], and McLaughlin, Li, and Overman [23], [24]. Received February 9, 1999; accepted June 28, 1999     

有限域上的逻辑函数与其Chrestenson谱的关系

本文首先给出了有限域上逻辑函数的Chrestenson线性谱的新定义(不同于文献[1]所给出的),如同Chrestenson循环谱一样,重新定义的Chrestenson线性谱也是有限域Fq到复数域的映射,且证明了它们之间在实质意义下可以相互线性表出;最后我们还用重新定义的Chrestenson线性谱给出了有限域上逻辑函数的反演公式.     

Generalized analytic functions,Moutard-type transforms,and holomorphic maps

We continue the study of a Moutard-type transform for generalized analytic functions, which was initiated in [1]. In particular, we suggest an interpretation of generalized analytic functions as spinor fields and show that, in the framework of this approach, Moutard-type transforms for such functions commute with holomorphic changes of variables.     

Rankin-Cohen brackets and formal quantization

In this paper, we use the theory of deformation quantization to understand Connes' and Moscovici's results [A. Connes, H. Moscovici, Rankin-Cohen brackets and the Hopf algebra of transverse geometry, Mosc. Math. J. 4 (1) (2004) 111-130, 311]. We use Fedosov's method of deformation quantization of symplectic manifolds to reconstruct Zagier's deformation [D. Zagier, Modular forms and differential operators, in: K.G. Ramanathan Memorial Issue, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Math. Sci. 104 (1) (1994) 57-75] of modular forms, and relate this deformation to the Weyl-Moyal product. We also show that the projective structure introduced by Connes and Moscovici is equivalent to the existence of certain geometric data in the case of foliation groupoids. Using the methods developed by the second author [X. Tang, Deformation quantization of pseudo (symplectic) Poisson groupoids, Geom. Funct. Anal. 16 (3) (2006) 731-766], we reconstruct a universal deformation formula of the Hopf algebra H₁ associated to codimension one foliations. In the end, we prove that the first Rankin-Cohen bracket RC₁ defines a noncommutative Poisson structure for an arbitrary H₁ action.     

On General Transport Equations with Abstract Boundary Conditions. The Case of Divergence Free Force Field

This work is a continuation of our previous paper [8]. We investigate well-posedness (in the semigroup theory sense) of transport equations with general external fields and general measures associated to boundary conditions modeled by abstract boundary operators H. Fine properties of the traces are investigated, extending well-known results by M. Cessenat [15]. For dissipative boundary conditions, we revisit and generalize results from [12, 17] while, for multiplicative boundary conditions we extend techniques from [25]. Finally, we also investigate the case of boundary conditions associated to a boundary operator of norm one, extending the recent results of [6, 27] to more general fields and measures.     

Quantization of quadratic Liénard-type equations by preserving Noether symmetries

The classical quantization of a family of a quadratic Liénard-type equation (Liénard II equation) is achieved by a quantization scheme (Nucci 2011) [28] that preserves the Noether point symmetries of the underlying Lagrangian in order to construct the Schrödinger equation. This method straightforwardly yields the Schrödinger equation as given in Choudhury and Guha (2013) [6].     

Affine invariant local convergence theorems for inexact Newton-like methods

Affine invariant sufficient conditions are given for two local convergence theorems involving inexact Newton-like methods. The first uses conditions on the first Fréchet-derivative whereas the second theorem employs hypotheses on the second. Radius of convergence as well as rate of convergence results are derived. Results involving superlinear convergence and known to be true for inexact Newton methods are extended here. Moreover, we show that under hypotheses on the second Fréchet-derivative our radius of convergence is larger than the corresponding one in [10]. This allows a wider choice for the initial guess. A numerical example is also provided to show that our radius of convergence is larger than the one in [10].     

Planck尺度的Hopf代数的Poisson括符

本文讨论拟微分算子象证的Witt乘积与C[x]▲△A.G[p]的乘积之间的关系,得到以下结果：具有Witt乘积的象证类S1.0^m。是具有普通乘积的函数类S1.0^m经过对Hopf代数的乘积量子化得到的,进一步，给出了C[x]▲△h.cC[p]上标准的辫导数的显示表示，并且证明了其上的Poisson括号与经典的具有同一形式．     

Approximation properties of modified Gamma operators

In this paper we present a survey of rates of pointwise approximation of modified Gamma operators Gn for locally bounded functions and absolutely continuous functions by using some inequalities and results of probability theory with the method of Bojanic-Cheng. In the paper a kind of locally bounded functions is introduced with different growth conditions in the fields of both ends of interval (0,+∞), and it is found out that the operators have different properties compared to the Gamma operators discussed in [X.M. Zeng, Approximation properties of Gamma operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 311 (2005) 389-401]. And we obtain two main theorems. Theorem 1 gives an estimate for locally bounded functions which subsumes the approximation of functions of bounded variation as a special case. Theorem 2 gives an estimate for absolutely continuous functions which is best possible in the asymptotical sense.     

Fourier transform over finite field and identities between Gauss sums

This paper is a sequel to [7]. Here we study identities for the Fourier transform of "elementary functions" over finite fields containing "exponentials" of rational monomial functions. It turns out that these identities are governed by monomial identities between Gauss sums. We show that similar to the case of complex numbers such identities correspond to linear relations between certain divisors on the space of multiplicative characters.     

Alternative approaches to the absolute continuity of Jacobi matrices with monotonic weights

We present two approaches to the spectral studies for infinite Jacobi matrices with monotonic or near-to-monotonic weights. The first one is based on the subordination theory due to Khan and Pearson [17] combined with the detailed analysis of the transfer matrices for the solutions of the formal eigenequation. The second one uses an extension of the commutator approach developed by Putnam in [19]. Applying these methods we prove the absolute continuity for several classes of weights and diagonals. For some other cases we prove the emptiness of the point spectrum. The results are illustrated with examples and compared with the results of Dombrowski [7]-[13], Clark [2] and of Máté and Nevai [18]. We show that some of our results are stronger.The research of the first author has been supported by the KBN grant PB 2 P03A 002 13.     

Function-valued Padé-type approximant via E-algorithm and its applications in solving integral equations

The function-valued Padé-type approximant (FPTA) was defined in the inner product space [8]. In this work, we choose the coefficients in the Neumann power series to make the inner product with both sides a function-valued system of equations to yield a scalar system. Then we express an FPTA in the determinant form. To avoid the direct computation of the determinants, we present the E-algorithm for FPTA based on the vector-valued E-algorithm given by Brezinski [4]. The method of FPTA via E-algorithm (FPTAVEA) not only includes all previous methods but overcomes their essential difficulties. The numerical experiment for a typical integral equation [1] illustrates that the method of FPTAVEA is simpler and more effective for obtaining the characteristic values and the characteristic functions than all previous methods. In addition, this method is also applicable to other Fredholm integral equations of the second kind without explicit characteristic values and characteristic functions. A corresponding example [12] is given and the numerical result is the same as that in [12].     

The weight distributions of a class of cyclic codes

Recently, the weight distributions of the duals of the cyclic codes with two zeros have been obtained for several cases in Ma et al. (2011) [14], Ding et al. (2011) [5], Wang et al. (2011) [20]. In this paper we provide a slightly different approach toward the general problem and use it to solve one more special case. We make extensive use of standard tools in number theory such as characters of finite fields, the Gauss sums and the Jacobi sums to transform the problem of finding the weight distribution into a problem of evaluating certain character sums over finite fields, which on the special case is related with counting the number of points on some elliptic curves over finite fields. Other cases are also possible by this method.